Biomolecule Remote Sensing Using Terahertz Spectroscopy

Terahertz (THz) radiation, located between traditional microwave and visible light, consists of electromagnetic waves within frequencies from 0.3 to 3 THz (1 THz = 10¹² Hz). Recently, THz technology has made tremendous progress and many applications have been developed. One of these applications is remote detection of biomolecules in the THz region. Interestingly, many biological compounds exhibit distinct spectroscopic response in THz range. THz remote sensing is a promising method for biomolecule detection, as it is the only remote method that allows discriminating between common extraterrestrial organic matter from potential biomarkers. THz/F-IR spectroscopy is already used to investigate intermolecular interactions in the interstellar medium [1]. In this presentation, I will discuss about the possibilities and challenges of using THz remote sensing to detect possible biomarkers in Mars or in the icy worlds like Europa, Ganymede, and Enceladus. Remote sensing of biomarkers can be done from lander, orbital and flyby missions.

[1] K. Cowing, The Role of Terahertz and Far-IR Spectroscopy in Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Interstellar Prebiotic Molecules, Astro-PH.GA, August 11 (2021).