Towards Compact High-Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry for Orbital and Surface Planetary Exploration

Cosmic dust, icy grains, and planetary surface materials preserve fundamental information on the formation and evolution of planetary bodies and the Solar System. Their elemental, isotopic, and molecular compositions provide insight into composition, and potentially prebiotic chemistry. However, high-resolution in situ compositional analysis under the strict mass, power, and volume constraints of space missions remains a major technological challenge.
This contribution presents recent developments in compact Orbitrap-based mass spectrometry for future orbital and surface exploration missions. The focus is on HANKA (High-resolution mass Analyzer for Nano-scale Kinetic Astro materials), a compact high-resolution mass spectrometer designed for both dust impact analysis and laser-ablation-based surface investigations. 
Fast control electronics and adaptive acquisition software allow real-time optimization of ion injection and transient recording, enabling single-shot measurements of elemental and isotopic signatures from individual particles and surface targets. The resulting spectra demonstrate resolving powers exceeding R > 100,000 together with high dynamic range and trace-species sensitivity, as well as isotope quantification.
The presentation will discuss the applicability of compact Orbitrap systems for both orbiter and lander platforms. For orbital missions, emphasis will be placed on high-resolution dust and ice particle analysis, while for landed missions the capability for direct mineral and surface material characterization using laser ablation ionization will be highlighted. Particular attention will be given to instrument miniaturization, robustness, packaging, and overall size constraints relevant for future planetary missions.
A further focus will be placed on SELINA, a hypervelocity laboratory ice-particle accelerator developed to reproduce realistic dust and ice impact conditions relevant for future orbiter missions and instrument calibration.
Finally, the current state-of-the-art of Orbitrap technology within the Prague group, associated technology readiness levels (TRLs), and possible applications for future planetary missions, including L4 Enceladus orbiter and lander concepts, will be outlined.