Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Lunar Surface Prospection

As lunar exploration shifts toward sustainability, In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) has become essential, particularly for extracting hydrogen and oxygen to support life support systems and produce propellant. Effective localisation of these resources requires specialised analytical instruments that offer high precision, robustness, low mass, and resilience to the Moon's extreme vacuum environment. This study introduces a custom-engineered payload for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), designed as a candidate instrument for future lunar ISRU missions. The analytical performance of the payload was assessed through a case study involving quantitative calibration of the Hα emission line under simulated lunar vacuum conditions. The results indicate exceptional system performance and stability in these conditions. Additionally, the instrument achieved a promising Limit of Detection (LoD) for hydrogen. These findings confirm that the LUNAR LIBS payload provides the necessary analytical precision for reliable detection of trace volatiles. Deploying this technology on the lunar surface is expected to significantly enhance lunar prospecting by enabling the identification and mapping of high-priority ISRU sites, thereby facilitating resource extraction.