Science-Policy Interface: A Scientist's Journey in Coastal and Ocean Management in Brazil

The interplay between science and policy is a complex and multifaceted relationship, particularly in dynamic fields like Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Drawing on nearly two years of experience at Brazil’s Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, this perspective highlights the challenges of bridging these realms. Unlike controlled scientific experiments, policymaking offers no definitive methodologies, no before-and-after comparisons, and no universal guidelines, each scientist's journey is unique, shaped by their expertise and environment. Policymaking is a high-pressure, fast-paced process where decisions often need to be made on the spot, leaving little or no time to consult academic papers or even succinct policy briefs. Managers, who are often not scientists, face significant challenges in accessing and interpreting the vast range of knowledge necessary for informed decision-making. This necessary knowledge requires an ongoing education and capacity building for managers in leadership positions. Beyond internal challenges, managers must also engage with society, ensuring that planning and decision-making processes are inclusive and participatory. Societal involvement is critical for building trust and fostering a collective buy-in for policies, particularly in fields that directly affect local communities and stakeholders, like coastal and ocean management. Transparent communication and collaborative approaches help bridge the gap between technical expertise and public needs, ultimately strengthening the legitimacy and effectiveness of policy outcomes. Moreover, planning often feels like science fiction, as urgent, high-stakes issues emerge daily, some with the potential to shift national priorities and even impact international agendas. In this context, managers cannot rely solely on individual expertise, they must build and maintain networks of scientific colleagues and collaborators who can provide rapid, reliable insights when critical decisions must be made. Ultimately, the integration of science into policymaking requires adaptability, robust networks, and an acceptance of uncertainty. For scientists entering this domain, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, advocating for better training of policymakers, and promoting societal participation are crucial steps toward bridging the science-policy gap and ensuring evidence-informed governance as essential strategies for impactful contributions.