Volcanic islands are built from the sea floor at depths ranging from shallow coastal zones to the deep ocean. They occur in island arc, hotspot and rift zone settings. Submarine volcanic activity with associated magma-water interaction commonly precedes island formation. Recent unrest at oceanic islands and submarine volcanoes exposes the need for further identifications of risk posed to local communities. Many parameters of submarine to emergent volcanic activity are under active investigation, including the relationship between water depth and explosive activity, magma properties and magma composition, and the evolving material properties of their pyroclastic deposits and their influences on fluid, heat and solute fluxes and the initiation and development of authigenic minerals and microbial life. The aim of this session is to bring together experts from diverse disciplines to explore eruption mechanisms, island structure, island stability, hazards posed to coastal communities by unrest and eruption and the long term chemical and physical influences of submarine to emergent volcanic islands on oceanic processes.

The session will include presentations that integrate innovative and emerging technologies to enable focused and multi-disciplinary studies of recent and ancient eruptions and their products, as well as breakthrough developments in understanding the impacts of disastrous submarine volcanic hazards on present and past societies.

We especially welcome abstracts in the following areas:
- Submarine volcanic hazards such as explosive eruptions, volcanic earthquakes, submarine landslides, hydrothermal emissions and volcanogenic tsunamis.
- Mechanics of submarine and emergent volcanic eruptions and formation of oceanic islands.
- Optimal monitoring technologies and state of the art methods that explore submarine to emergent volcanoes, which host hydrothermal systems, mineral deposits and biomediated processes.
- Recommendations for volcanic crisis management, public awareness and preparedness through improved understanding of the hazards and impacts of submarine to emergent volcanoes.

Over the past few years, major technological advances allowed to significantly increase both the spatial coverage and frequency bandwidth of multi-disciplinary observations at active volcanoes. Networks of instruments for the quantitative measurement of many parameters now permit an unprecedented, multi-parameter vision of the surface manifestations of mass transport beneath volcanoes. Furthermore, new models and processing techniques have led to innovative paradigms for inverting observational data to image the structures and interpret the dynamics of volcanoes. Within this context, this session aims at bringing together a multidisciplinary audience to discuss the most recent innovations in volcano imaging and monitoring, and to present observations, methods and models that increase our understanding of volcanic processes.
We welcome contributions (1) related to methodological and instrumental advances in geophysical, geological and geochemical imaging of volcanoes, and (2) to explore new knowledge provided by these studies on the internal structure and physical processes of volcanic systems.
We invite contributors from all geophysical, geological and geochemical disciplines such as seismology, electromagnetics, geoelectrics, gravimetry, magnetics, muon tomography, volatile measurements and analysis; from in-situ monitoring networks to high resolution remote sensing and innovative processing methods, applied to volcanic systems ranging from near-surface hydrothermal activity to magmatic processes at depth.

Magmatic processes occurring at depth within volcanic plumbing systems are complex and play a fundamental role in controlling the tempo and style of volcanic activity. To unravel the structural complexity and temporal evolution of plumbing systems a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. This session aims to bring together scientists working on the understanding of the structural, chemical and temporal evolution of magmatic systems using, for example, fieldwork, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geodesy, experiments or numerical modelling to diffuse the boundaries between disciplines and lead to a comprehensive understanding of the inner workings of Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems (VIPS).

This session is sponsored by the IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems.

Natural fluids mainly escape from the Earth interior in volcanoes and active seismic regions. New attention is recently posed to the quiescent volcanoes since multidisciplinary investigations showed that magma accumulations at depth coupled to high degassing of volatiles still occurs after long time from the last activity highlighting a risk of reactivation after long phases of inactivity. Furthermore, magma accumulations in regions far from volcanism have an active role in seismicity, in fact magma and its volatiles can lubricate faults and generate overpressure in crustal layers.
Fluids have a key role in processes that generate volcanic activity and earthquakes; they transfer messages to the surface about how the natural systems work. The geochemical monitoring allows recognizing these natural processes and their evolution over time. Recently geochemical observations are supported by the advances of technology that also permit to measure at high frequency geochemical parameters in site. Furthermore new experimental works are producing constrains about the origin and migration of fluids and their behavior during rock deformation.
We are approaching an interesting phase where the geochemistry can actively interact in a multidisciplinary context for investigating natural processes. Great interest is towards the use of the new technologies and methods to solve for complex analytical challenges in geochemical investigations and monitoring of volcanoes and seismic regions. Their use coupled to the basic models of rock-fluids interactions and experiments of fluids generation/migration is contributing to improve the understanding of these natural processes, providing fundamental constrains for monitoring.
We welcome abstracts from various backgrounds, including researchers using traditional and non-traditional geochemical tracers, noble gases, stable isotopes and water chemistry. We wish that this session will be of broad interest to researchers studying hydro-geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, volcanic degassing etc. This will lead to a session that reflects a cross-section of researchers who apply these tracers to the monitoring of volcanoes and seismic activity. We hope in this way to highlight the potential scientific advances available through the combination of these complementary areas of study and specific techniques, and to encourage future collaborative efforts to resolve the many outstanding questions in volcanic and seismically active systems.

Snapshots of magma chemistry recorded in magmas and crystal cargoes reflect combinations of processes that operate in the magma source (e.g. metasomatism and tapping of various mantle components) and during differentiation in the crust (e.g. fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, mixing/mingling, replenishment of magma reservoirs and chambers, and crustal melting). The fundamental questions addressed by this session concern the principal controls on primary, parental and derivative magma compositions as witnessed by the crystalline components of magmas, isotopic records, and experiments that replicate natural systems. We therefore welcome contributions focusing on the generation and differentiation of magmas in the mantle and crust with particular emphasis on crystal-scale studies, experimental petrology, thermodynamic and geochemical modelling, and layered intrusions.

We are presently facing the 6th mass extinction, what can be learnt from the past ?
The session will focus on the six major Phanerozoic mass extinctions including the Anthropocene one, but contributions from other environmental crises (e.g. OAEs, PETM) are also welcome.

Seismology is fundamental for monitoring and investigating volcanic systems.
Volcanoes are complex systems comprising both time-varying processes and structural heterogeneity. This combination of wide-ranging complex processes, extreme geomechanical heterogeneity, frequently rapid changes in time, leads to challenges in interpreting seismic observations in terms of physical processes at depth. In addition, the link between the variety of physical processes beneath volcanoes and their seismic response (or lack of) is often poorly understood, making it difficult to develop a detailed understanding of the physical processes at work in volcanic systems.
To address these challenges, this session aims to bring together seismologists, volcano and geothermal seismologists, and wave propagation and source modellers working on different aspects of volcano seismology including but not limited to: (i) seismicity catalogues (statistics & spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity), (ii) innovative methods for source locations (iii) source inversions (iv) seismic wave propagation & scattering, (v) small scale deformation studies, (vi) new developments in volcano imagery, (vii) time-lapse studies – including the use of noise, multiplets and high-rate GPS. Studies on geothermal systems in volcanic environments are also welcome.
By considering interrelationships between these complementary seismological areas, we aim to develop a coherent picture of the latest advances, successful applications and outstanding challenges in volcano seismology.

Public information:
SCHEDULE

16:15 Start of the session
Introduction

16:20 Guardo et al.: “Space-weighted seismic attenuation multi-frequency tomography at Deception Island volcano (Antartica)” (EGU2020-9986)

16:25 Eibl et al.: “Rotational sensor on a volcano: New insights from Etna, Italy” (EGU2020-18862)

16:30 Gabrielli et al.: “Geomorphological controls on seismic recordings in volcanic areas” (EGU2020-511)

16:35 Metaxian et al.: “Towards real-time monitoring with a seismic antenna at Merapi volcano” (EGU2020-19068)

16:40 Falcin et al.: “Automatic classification of seismo-volcanic signals at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe” (EGU2020-10234)

16:45 Lamb et al.: “Identifying icequakes at ice-covered volcanoes in Southern Chile” (EGU2020-851)

16:50 Battaglia et al.: “Discriminating icequakes from volcanic seismicity at Cotopaxi volcano (Ecuador) “ (EGU2020-11749)

16:55 Garza-Giron et al.: “Hidden earthquakes unveil the dynamic evolution of a large-scale explosive eruption “ (EGU2020-14124)

17:00 Shapiro et al.: "Degassing of volatile-reach basaltic magmas: source of deep long period volcanic earthquakes" (EGU2020-8251)

17:05 Cesca et al.: “The seismic sound of deep volcanic processes”, (EGU2020-6813)

17:10 Sadeghi and Suzuki: “The 11 November 2018 Mayotte event was observed at the Iranian Broadband seismic stations” (EGU2020-9767)

17:15 Ikegaya and Yamamoto: “Spatio-temporal characteristics and focal mechanisms of deep low-frequency earthquakes beneath Zao volcano, Japan”, (EGU2020-12533)

17:20 Möllhoff et al.: “Recent microseismicity observed at Hekla volcano and first velocity inversion results” (EGU2020-18954)

17:25 Bjarnasson et al. (presenting Revathy Parameswaran): “Interseismic stress field variations in Hjalli-Ölfus, SW Iceland” (EGU2020-8521)

17:30 Eibl et al.: “Seismic Eruption Catalog of Strokkur Geyser, Iceland“ (EGU2020-16535)

17:35 Thorbjarnardóttir et al.: “The Great Geysir and tectonic interactions in South Iceland”, (EGU2020-16388)

17:40 Nooshiri et al.: “Source mechanisms of seismic events during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra Volcano (Galapagos) determined by using polarization properties of complete (near-field and far-field) body waves”, (EGU2020-11297)

17:45 Longobardi,et al.: “Multiplet Based Time Lapse Velocity Changes Prior to the 2018 Eruption of Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos Island Observed with Coda Wave Interferometry” (EGU2020-18213)

17:50 Ka Lok Li et al.: “Different mechanisms of the pre- and co-eruptive tremor during the 2018 eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos” (EGU2020-18975)

17:55 Dehghanniri and Jellinek: “An Experimental Study of Volcanic Tremor Driven by Magma Wagging” (EGU2020-11365)



FORMAT OF THE SESSION: Each author will present her/his work by highlighting the main points (ideally copy/paste). Please do it in a short summary. This will be followed by questions and discussion. The length of the individual slot (including questions) is 5 minutes.

The session deals with the documentation and modelling of the tectonic, deformation, and geodetic features of any type of volcanic area, on Earth and in the Solar System. The focus is on advancing our understanding on any type of deformation of active and non-active volcanoes, on the associated behaviours, and the implications for hazards. We welcome contributions based on results from fieldwork, remote-sensing studies, geodetic and geophysical measurements, analytical, analogue and numerical simulations, and laboratory studies of volcanic rocks. We also welcome multidisciplinary studies, especially those that integrate data collected at different scales (e.g. laboratory and field data).
Studies may be focused at the regional scale, investigating the tectonic setting responsible for and controlling volcanic activity, both along divergent and convergent plate boundaries, as well in intraplate settings. At a more local scale, all types of surface deformation in volcanic areas are of interest, such as elastic inflation and deflation, or anelastic processes, including caldera and flank collapses. Deeper, sub-volcanic deformation studies, concerning the emplacement of intrusions, as sills, dikes, and laccoliths, are most welcome.
We also particularly welcome geophysical data aimed at understanding magmatic processes during volcano unrest. These include geodetic studies obtained mainly through GPS and InSAR, as well as studies that model these data to image sources.


The session includes, but is not restricted to, the following topics:
• volcanism and regional tectonics;
• formation of magma chambers, laccoliths, and other intrusions;
• dyke and sill propagation, emplacement, and arrest;
• earthquakes and eruptions;
• caldera collapse, resurgence, and unrest;
• flank collapse;
• volcano deformation monitoring;
• volcano deformation and hazard mitigation;
• volcano unrest;
• mechanical properties of rocks in volcanic areas.