This work has the objective to introduce the session dedicated to the memory of my colleague and friend Mariarosaria Manzo.

In particular, the session has been inspired by the themes that have characterized Mariarosaria’s 20-year research activity. Indeed, her main scientific contributions have been concentrated on the exploitation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for Earth surface deformation retrieval and investigation through the application of the original Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) technique and the development of advanced DInSAR methods focused on the generation of deformation time-series, as for the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) approach [1].

Therefore, the session is intended to focus on the latest analyses achieved through the development and/or the exploitation of DInSAR methods for Earth observation, as well as on their possible future applications.

Instead, this contribution will provide a brief overview of Mariarosaria’s main findings, achieved through the DInSAR analysis focused on Earth deformations induced by: earthquakes [2-4], volcanic activities [5-7], anthropic actions [8], and on her contribution to the performance assessment of advanced DInSAR techniques [9] and to the development of new algorithmic solutions [10].

But, above all, this work aims to keep the memory alive of Mariarosaria’s intelligence, balance, courage and passion she has always put into everything she did.

[1] R. Lanari et al., “An Overview of the Small BAseline Subset Algorithm: A DInSAR Technique for Surface Deformation Analysis,” Wolf, D., Fernández, J. (eds) Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism, and Climate Change. Pageoph Topical Volumes. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8417-3_2, 2007

[2] R. Lanari et al., “Surface displacements associated with the L'Aquila 2009 Mw 6.3 earthquake (central Italy): New evidence from SBAS‐DInSAR time series analysis,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 (20), 2010

[3] M. Manzo et al., “A quantitative assessment of DInSAR measurements of interseismic deformation: the southern San Andreas Fault case study,” Pure and Applied Geophysics 69, 1463-1482, 2012

[4] D. Cheloni et al., “Geodetic model of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence inferred from InSAR and GPS data,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 (13), 6778-6787, 2017

[5] A. Borgia et al., “Volcanic spreading of Vesuvius, a new paradigm for interpreting its volcanic activity, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (3), L03303, 2005

[6] M. Manzo et al., “Surface deformation analysis in the Ischia Island (Italy) based on spaceborne radar interferometry,” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 151 (4), 399-416, 2006

[7] P. Tizzani et al., “Surface deformation of Long Valley caldera and Mono Basin, California, investigated with the SBAS-InSAR approach,” Remote Sens. Environ., 108 (3), 277-289, 2007

[8] R. Lanari et al., “Satellite radar interferometry time series analysis of surface deformation for Los Angeles, California,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (23), L23613, 2004

[9] F. Casu et al., “A quantitative assessment of the SBAS algorithm performance for surface deformation retrieval from DInSAR data”, Remote Sens. Environ., doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.023, 2006

[10] A. Pepe et al., “Improved EMCF-SBAS Processing Chain Based on Advanced Techniques for the Noise-Filtering and Selection of Small Baseline Multi-Look DInSAR Interferograms”, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens., 53 (8), 4394-4417, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2396875, 2015.

How to cite: Lanari, R.: A brief overview of the 20-year research activity of Mariarosaria Manzo on Differential SAR Interferometry, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-12612, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-12612, 2024.

Sotará is a stratovolcano located at a remote region of the Southern Cordillera Central, in Colombia.  It presents signs of unrest since 2011, evidenced by increased seismicity and crustal deformation formerly detected by tilt-meters, and later by inflation measured at several GNSS permanent stations operated by the Colombian Geological Survey.  In this contribution we processed a set of ascending and descending SAR scenes acquired by the Sentinel-1 Mission by using the Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) multi temporal DInSAR approach. The region is challenging for DInSAR processing using C-Band data, because it is covered by thick forest causing temporal decorrelation, except for the peaks higher than 3500 m above sea level. As deformation in the site is subtle, i.e. in the order of 2cm/year, atmospheric contamination can potentially hide the geophysical signal, leading to misleading conclusions. To decide if atmospheric corrections should be applied, we analyzed the correlation between the unwrapped phase and topography at each interferogram before and after applying atmospheric corrections provided by the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR (GACOS). We search for data clustering in the plane correlation coefficient vs. time, which allow for detecting atmospheric stratification signals and evaluating the convenience of applying corrections or not. As a result, we decided not applying atmospheric corrections, and the deformation time series without them show a good agreement with the LOS projected GNSS ones. The results were used for estimating the source parameters through inverse modelling of ascending, descending SAR data and GNSS data using the DMODELS inversion software. We detect migration of the deformation source in the Sotará volcano towards shallower positions between 2011 and 2020. This work is an example of the capability of Sentinel-1 long data series for measuring subtle deformation even in though environment conditions.

How to cite: Euillades, P. A., Alpala, R. L., Euillades, L. D., Alpala, J., Rosell, P., Roa, Y., and Battaglia, M.: Characterizing volcano deformation with DInSAR and GNSS data: the Sotará Volcano case study. , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-2136, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2136, 2024.

Steep-slopes volcanoes are susceptible to rapid geomorphological changes resulting from frequent eruptive activity, leading to non-equilibrium slope conditions. Stromboli, among other volcanoes, undergoes significant geomorphological alterations within short time frames (days to months) due to the accumulation of eruptive deposits, lava flows, and various processes including erosion, transportation, and re-sedimentation of volcaniclastic material. These changes are activated by mass-flows and exogenous phenomena, primarily the action of sea waves.

To comprehend the complex interplay between eruptive activity and the morphological response of the volcanic slope, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on events occurring at Stromboli between October and December 2022. This study employed a range of methodologies, including multiplatform remote sensing data, bathymetric surveys, geophysical-volcanological monitoring data, slope stability modeling, and direct observations. The remote sensing data encompassed satellite imagery, airborne single-pass Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, and Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) topographic data, complemented by ground-based and spaceborne InSAR displacement measurements, and very-high-resolution visible optical orthophotographs.

The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the mutual influences between eruptive activity and the morphological response of the volcano slope. Stromboli, with its persistent eruptive activity and dynamic, steep-slope volcanic flank, serves as an ideal case for such investigations.

The findings of this study illustrate how the inherent characteristics of the material comprising the slope (a heterogeneous accumulation of volcanic deposits and thin lava flows), along with the steep slope angle, constitute crucial factors affecting slope stability, particularly in coastal regions. The impact of overloading from lava flows and mass-flows, combined with undercutting effects resulting from erosion, especially along the coast, acts as triggers for mass-flow phenomena. The formation of mixtures between lava flows and volcaniclastic deposits plays a role in generating glowing mass-flows, attributing them to what is commonly known as deposit-derived Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs).

The findings aim to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms leading to the instability of volcaniclastic deposits, resulting from the interaction between erosive phenomena and the overloading of slopes by lava flows and mass-flows. The obtained results can be helpful in estimating the hazard induced by geomorphological processes in contexts like Stromboli, including the potential triggering of landslides and deposit-derived PDCs that may, in turn, lead to tsunamis.

How to cite: Di Traglia, F. and the Stromboli 2022 research group: Rapid geomorphological changes on Stromboli volcano monitored by multi-platform remote sensing data, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-2885, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2885, 2024.

Recent developments in InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) during the past decades allow to obtain high-precision, high-resolution ground deformation data with a broad spatio-temporal coverage. These large new datasets offer comprehensive insights into the deformation field and its time-evolution. Unfortunately, these new data sets cannot be fully exploited using the classical approaches for interpretation. In particular if we look for the most detailed estimation of the processes occurring in geologically active areas. Normally these classical approaches assume a priori geometries (e.g., point sources, disks, prolate or oblate spheroids, etc.) and nature of the source, and invert separately for the different sources when more than one is considered. Also, many time-series deformations in active regions are characterized by complicated patterns of ground deformation resulting from multiple natural and anthropogenic sources. In response to these challenges, we consider a new interpretation methodology which employs a combination of 3-D arbitrary sources for pressure and dislocations (including strike-slip, dip-slip, and tensile) simultaneously. This approach does not assume any a priori hypotheses regarding the deformation source’s number, nature, shape or location, providing deformation sources as 3D cell aggregations for which the inversion process automatically assigns a source type, magnitude values (MPa for pressure and cm for dislocations), position and orientation (angles of dislocation planes). The methodology inverts simultaneously ascending and descending LOS displacement time series data from InSAR, assuming the possible existence of offset values in the data sets. We show, as a way of example, a summary of the obtained results using last generation InSAR observation techniques and the new interpretation modeling to study the recent volcanic unrest and eruption in La Palma, Canary Islands, showing the obtained results.

How to cite: Fernandez, J. and Camacho, A. G.: New perspectives and challenges on geodetic volcano monitoring using InSAR and last generation interpretation tools, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-3425, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-3425, 2024.

The present study demonstrates the application of time series techniques with Differential Interferometry Radar (MT-InSAR) using images from the Sentinel-1 (C-band) and SAOCOM (L-band) radar sensors. The main objective was to identify and assess ground deformation at the San Miguel volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in El Salvador, for study and monitoring purposes. Various approaches were employed to enhance phase signal quality, including the use of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Persistent Scatterers (PS) MT-InSAR methodologies, as well as atmospheric corrections using both the GACOS (Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR) data and an altitude-dependent linear model able to estimate and then remove the stratified component of the troposphere. Additionally, orbital corrections were performed, and the impact of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) accuracy and updates of the topography on phase, especially for SAOCOM L-band images, were evaluated.

The InSAR results revealed subsidence in the volcano crater showing a maximum rate of -25 mm per year, then we modeled the retrieved deformation patterns as a system of normal faults simulating two concentric craters. Moreover, limited deformation was detected in the western upper flank of the volcano during the 2023 period using SAOCOM data. We also observed that the volcano was strongly affected by atmospheric disturbances, although the performed corrections by using GACOS information did not yield to fully satisfactory results. In our work, the importance of using updated and accurate DEMs when processing L-band images has been emphasized.

Finally, our study suggests to continue using SAR images for monitoring San Miguel volcano activity, implementing longer time series with SAOCOM, and performing comparisons between SAR data acquired from both C- and L-band, possibly covering the same period, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the deformation occurring at San Miguel volcano, and to improve the understanding of the volcanic activity.

How to cite: Villalobos, A. M., Tolomei, C., Euillades, P., Bignami, C., Euillades, L., and Trasatti, E.: Monitoring Based on Differential Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) of the Activity of San Miguel Volcano, El Salvador, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-4759, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-4759, 2024.

The analysis of multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets using specific algorithms, such as Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) or Small-Baseline Interferometry (SBAS), enables the generation of ground velocity maps and displacement time series, achieving sub-centimetric accuracies in ideal cases. These applications have significantly transformed the approach to investigating landslide processes and surface deformation measurements can now be obtained at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions without the need for costly instrumentation. The current availability of regional, country-scale, and even continental-scale datasets has not only impacted research activities but has also influenced the daily practices of practitioners and civil protection strategies.

In mountainous areas, intrinsic limitations of satellite SAR imagery can hinder the nominal performance of PSI and SBAS results. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive analysis of C-Band SAR datasets from the European Space Agency (ESA) satellites ERS-1/2, Envisat ASAR, and Sentinel-1 spanning the period 1992-2020. Our goal is to reconstruct the multi-decadal spatial and temporal evolution of surface displacements at the Brienz/Brinzauls landslide complex, located in canton Graubünden, Switzerland. To achieve this, we analyzed approximately 1,000 SAR images using standard differential interferometry (DInSAR), multitemporal stacking, PSI, and SBAS approaches. The extensive network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations on the Brienz landslide complex allowed us to validate the deformation results.

Our analysis sheds light on the limitations that arise when relying on satellite radar measurements for the analysis and interpretation of complex landslide scenarios, particularly in cases of significant spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the deformation field. Satellite radar interferometry measurements are now routinely employed in local investigations, as well as in regional, national, and continental monitoring programs. Therefore, our results hold significant relevance for users seeking a comprehensive understanding of such datasets in complex scenarios.

How to cite: Manconi, A., Jones, N., Loew, S., Strozzi, T., Caduff, R., and Wegmueller, U.: Investigating surface deformation with C-Band satellite interferometry in landslide complexes: insights from the Brienz/Brinzauls slope instability, Swiss Alps , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-7688, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-7688, 2024.

Over the past three decades, remote sensing techniques, particularly Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR), have been used to investigate ground deformation phenomena accurately. The DInSAR method is extensively adopted for reconstructing the deformation pattern induced by earthquakes and for discerning the seismogenic fault, particularly in cases where field evidence are not comprehensive.

This study focuses on the application of DInSAR method to the 2016 Mw 6.5 mainshock occurred in the Apennines, central Italy. The earthquake produced a complex surface rupture distribution in a wide area which was meticulously examined by field geologists for a long time after the seismic sequence.

Here, we present detailed maps of the surface deformation pattern produced by the M. Vettore Fault System (VFS) during the October 2016 earthquakes, derived from ALOS-2 SAR data via DInSAR technique. On these maps, we trace a set of cross-sections to analyse the coseismic vertical displacement, essential to identify both surface fault ruptures and off-fault deformations. At a local scale, several coseismic ruptures are identified in agreement with previous field observations. On a larger scale, the VFS hanging-wall displays a long-wavelength upward-convex curvature, less evident toward the south and interrupted by the presence of an antithetic NE-dipping fault. The quantitative comparison between DInSAR- and field-derived vertical displacement highlights the reliability of the approach for constraining ruptures with vertical displacement up to 50-60 cm. The rapid detection of deformation patterns using DInSAR provides crucial information on activated fault segments, their distribution, and interaction shortly after seismic events. The proposed workflow, applicable globally with satellite SAR data, can support geological field surveys during seismic crises and offer rapid insights into surface ruptures essential for emergency management in not easily accessible areas.

How to cite: Porreca, M., Carboni, F., Manzo, M., Valerio, E., De Luca, C., Occhipinti, M., and Ercoli, M.: DInSAR analysis to detect local and regional coseismic ground deformation: insights from the 2016 central Italy earthquake, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-11867, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11867, 2024.

InSAR time series analysis is a powerful tool used in remote sensing to monitor ground deformation over time. In recent years, advanced techniques and algorithms have been developed for the application of InSAR in a more accurate manner along with the continuous availability of new satellite data. In this research, we propose the use of a developed clustering algorithm for analyzing InSAR time-series data and face the superposition of effects inducing ground movements. The investigated area is in the Po Plain in northern Italy and it is characterized by massive groundwater production for various purposes and it also hosts an underground gas storage system. The focus of the research is the identification and the quantification of the seasonal and trend behavior related to aquifer exploitation. We selected the additive approach for decomposing the time-series obtained from InSAR and applied the k-means clustering algorithm (Morissette and Chartier, 2013) over the seasonal and trend components. The results showed different seasonal behaviors attributed to areas with varying water production, rainfall precipitation and structural geology. The trend was analyzed and compared to the existing literature proving the reliability of this method.

The quantification of ground deformation due to each main source is of paramount importance for a reliable prevision of each phenomenon via the calibration of dedicated numerical models. The results of the research will be used to discriminate and quantify the effects of water production from the effects of gas storage operations and they will allow the calibration of dedicated 3D numerical fluid-flow and stress-strains models.

Reference:

Morissette, L. & Chartier, S. (2013). The k-means clustering technique: General considerations and implementation in Mathematica. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9, 15-24. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.1.p015.

How to cite: Eid, C., Garcia Navarro, A. M., Benetatos, C., and Rocca, V.: Cluster analysis of InSAR data for the investigation of groundwater production effects, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-22212, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-22212, 2024.

Italy is world leader in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and SAR Interferometry (InSAR), owing to a complete in-house supply and value-added chain. To consolidate this strength, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) run national programs promoting new SAR missions [1], development of SAR/InSAR-based scientific research, and demonstration of novel downstream applications [2-3].

W.r.t. space upstream, in 2019-2022 the flagship COSMO-SkyMed constellation was ensured operational continuity with the launch of two Second Generation satellites. COSMO-SkyMed efficiently addresses users’ needs via provision of interferometric SAR time series through: a) regular observation plans, e.g. the MapItaly project over the national territory and the Background Mission across the globe; b) on-demand tasking; c) specific coverages, e.g. in 2023 during emergencies like Turkey and Syria earthquake [4] and floods in Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany regions, Italy [5]; d) within international initiatives, e.g. the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) [6].

COSMO-SkyMed is also exploited in bilateral cooperation with other space agencies, e.g. JAXA on disaster management [7] and CONAE through SIASGE program [8]. In this respect, ASI promotes multi-mission/multi-frequency approach to investigate synergy between radar bands.

Within PLATiNO national program [9], PLT-1 will embark a compact X-band SAR payload, with metrical resolution, and operate in both monostatic and bistatic mode with COSMO‐SkyMed. Several long-baseline bistatic SAR techniques are currently being evaluated.

Moreover, the current study for a national L-band SAR mission focuses on the assessment of L-band application scenarios, exploitation of monostatic and bistatic configurations, and the analysis of synergies with respect to ROSE-L system and Sentinel-1 constellation.

W.r.t. midstream/ground-segment, ASI not only implemented a new portal to facilitate access to and tasking of COSMO-SkyMed data by institutional users, but also has recently announced the new MapItaly Portal, equipped with user-oriented interface, high-performance processing capability, and download speed [10]. While MapItaly Portal will be expanded to other SAR missions, since 2021 ASI is distributing SAOCOM data collected within ASI’s Zone of Exclusivity through a dedicated portal [11].

All these investments are capitalised in national R&D programs aiming to develop novel algorithms up to at least a Scientific Readiness Level (SRL) of 4, i.e. “Proof of concept”. The most recent was the “Multi-mission and multi-frequency SAR” program [2-3]. In 2021-2023, national public research bodies and industry developed and tested innovative algorithms to process multi-mission/multi-frequency SAR data. InSAR and SAR tomography were among the main techniques that were improved, e.g. for natural hazards applications in DInSAR-3M, MUSAR and MEFISTO projects [12-14].

Perspectives for testing these algorithms in a pre-operational context and input into final users’ workflows are now offered by the Innovation for Downstream Preparation (I4DP) program. Launched in late 2021, I4DP implements the ASI’s roadmap for downstream [15]. Some of the current projects deploys InSAR to address multi-risk assessment in urban areas, infrastructure monitoring, cultural heritage conservation.

A selection of results from the above-mentioned initiatives will be presented in order to share and give evidence of the main achievements and current perspectives.

[1] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554834

[2] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS46834.2022.9884937

[3] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282854

[4] http://geo-gsnl.org/supersites/event-supersites/active-event-supersites/kahramanmaras-event-supersite/eo-data-access-for-the-kahramanmaras-event-supersite/

[5] https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/sites/default/files/files/IB167%20-%20The%20CEMS%20activities%20for%20the%20floods%20in%20Emilia%20Romagna.pdf

[6] https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5803.html

[7] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282884

[8] https://www.argentina.gob.ar/ciencia/conae/misiones-espaciales/siasge

[9] https://iafastro.directory/iac/paper/id/47097/summary/

[10] https://www.asi.it/en/2023/12/asi-italian-space-agency-upgrades-access-to-mapitaly-data/

[11] https://www.asi.it/en/earth-science/saocom/

[12] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS46834.2022.9884715

[13] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS46834.2022.9883325

[14] https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282735

[15] https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5643.html

How to cite: Tapete, D., Montuori, A., Virelli, M., Coletta, A., Longo, F., and Zoffoli, S.: National programs, achievements and current perspectives at the Italian Space Agency to promote SAR missions, InSAR scientific research and downstream applications, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-12268, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-12268, 2024.

This work is focused on the possibility to enhance the observation capabilities of the forthcoming Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ROSE-L (which stands for Radar Observation System for Europe at L-band) mission [1], [2], supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) as part of the Copernicus Expansion Programme.

Specifically, we propose a solution aimed at enabling the currently designed ROSE-L system for a two-look ScanSAR mode

configuration, without impairing key parameters, namely, the azimuth resolution and the range swath, of the original system, which is instead designed to basically achieve only a one-look ScanSAR mode configuration. In particular, following the analysis presented in [3], we propose to properly shape the radiated azimuth beam, doubling its width, without upsetting the original design of the ROSE-L radar antenna and taking advantage of the degrees of freedom offered by its current layout.

The proposed ROSE-L two-look ScanSAR mode configuration presents several valuable advantages in different applications, among which we focus on the possibility to retrieve, at global scale and without azimuth gaps, the North-South deformation components of the displacement phenomena occurred on the ground through the so called Burst overlap interferometry technique [4].

[1] M. Zimmermanns and C. Roemer, “Copernicus HPCM: ROSE-L SAR Instrument and Performance Overview,” in EUSAR 2022; 14th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Leipzig, Germany, 2022, pp. 1-6.

[2] M. Davidson and R. Furnell, “ROSE-L: Copernicus L-Band SAR Mission,” in IGARSS 2021; IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Brussels, Belgium, 2021, pp. 872-873.

[3] S. Perna, F. Longo, S. Zoffoli, M. Davidson, L. Lannini and R. Lanari, “ A conceptual performance study on a two-look ScanSAR mode configuration for the forthcoming ROSE-L mission,” in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3344537.

[4] R. Grandin, E. Klein, M. Métois, C. Vigny, “Three-dimensional displacement field of the 2015 8.3 Illapel earthquake (Chile) from across- and along-track Sentinel-1 TOPS interferometry,” in Geophys.Res. Lett., vol. 43, pp. 2552-2561, 2016.

How to cite: Perna, S., Longo, F., Zoffoli, S., Davidson, M., Iannini, L., and Lanari, R.: Enabling the Forthcoming ROSE-L Sensor for Global Scale 3-D Earth Surface Deformation Retrieval Through a Two-Look ScanSAR Mode Configuration, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-6375, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-6375, 2024.