Water-Energy-Food Challenges in Central Asia: A Comparative Study of Solar and Fossil Fuel-Powered Irrigation Systems

Water-Energy-Food Challenges in Central Asia: A Comparative Study of Solar and Fossil Fuel-Powered Irrigation Systems 

Doctoral researcher Matin Rafipour Langeroudi, Doctoral researcher Taiwo Bamgboye University of Oulu

Water-related challenges in transboundary river basins are exacerbated by climate change, historical basin developments, and competing national interests. In Central Asia, the Amu Darya River, essential for agriculture in downstream countries like Uzbekistan, faces significant threats from upstream infrastructure projects such as the Rogun Dam in Tajikistan and the Qosh Tepa Canal in Afghanistan. These projects are expected to reduce downstream water flow by up to 30% and 15%, respectively, significantly impacting irrigation systems, increasing energy demands for pumping, and straining agricultural productivity and socio-economic stability. The aim of this research addresses the impacts of upstream developments on water availability and explores adaptive strategies for irrigation sustainability. A comparative analysis of solar-powered and fossil fuel-powered irrigation systems will be conducted to assess their efficiency, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. Environmental assessments will estimate greenhouse gas emissions, and cost-benefit analyses will evaluate energy efficiency and long-term viability. Key metrics, including energy consumption, water output, and operational costs, will be analyzed to identify trade-offs and propose sustainable solutions. The study’s findings aim to mitigate the impacts of reduced water availability by promoting renewable energy integration and adaptive irrigation practices. By addressing these challenges within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus, this research offers critical insights to guide policymakers and stakeholders in developing sustainable water resource management strategies, transitioning to cleaner energy systems, and enhancing agricultural resilience under the dual pressures of upstream developments and climate change.

 

Keywords: Amu Darya Basin, Upstream infrastructure projects, Water resource management, Irrigation systems, Agricultural productivity, Solar energy in agriculture, Fossil fuel-based pumping system, Transboundary water challenges, Rogun Dam impact, Qosh-Tepa canal, Water-Energy-Food nexus, Renewable energy solutions.