Nature-Based Solutions for Reducing Floods and Droughts in Small Rivers

The increasing frequency and intensity of floods and droughts driven by climate change present significant challenges for water management. Small streams, which are crucial for maintaining ecosystem services, biodiversity, and local water management, are especially vulnerable to these changes. Nature-based solutions (NBS), including wetland creation and rewetting, stream meandering, and riparian zone restoration, have shown great potential for mitigating both floods and droughts by enhancing water retention and reducing hydrological connectivity. This case study focuses on Trelleborg, a coastal city in southern Sweden, where several community-driven NBS projects have been implemented to manage its small rivers and streams. By combining qualitative data from expert interviews with quantitative spatial data analysis, this study aims to evaluate the performance of various NBS in Trelleborg's unique environment. Focusing on Trelleborg’s small streams provides a valuable opportunity to understand how localized NBS initiatives can enhance resilience to climate change while delivering multiple co-benefits. The implemented interventions have not only reduced risks associated with hydrological extremes but also contributed to co-benefits such as improved biodiversity and the creation of new recreational areas. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement in understanding local socio-economic contexts and diverse perspectives, which is essential for assessing and designing effective NBS projects for future implementation. The findings can inform future NBS initiatives in similar contexts, offering actionable insights into their design, implementation, and performance.