Solar wind coupling with magnetospheres of terrestrial planets

We compare solar wind interactions of the solar system's terrestrial planets. We focus on solar wind coupling with the (induced) magnetospheres of Mercury, Venus and Mars and compare their space weather processes to Earth. Our analysis is based on global ion-kinetic hybrid particle simulations with the open source RHybrid model platform and in situ particle and field observations on spacecraft exploration missions like BepiColombo. In the model, ions are treated as particles accelerated by the Lorentz force self-consistently coupled with the evolution of magnetic field via Maxwell's equation, while electrons form a charge-neutralizing fluid. We highlight differencies and similarities in ion dynamics and velocity distributions as well as magnetic ultra-low frequency waves excited in the foreshock and modulating planetary plasma environments.