Examining MsRain for the Possibility of Creating Artificial Rain with Cloud Seeding Techniques on the Moon and Mars Future Human Settlements

We propose an instrument, MsRAIN designed to investigate the feasibility of creating artificial rain outside Earth and in low gravity conditions. MsRAIN is the second generation of instruments, where the first generation was tested onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2023 through the Saudi Space Agency (SSA) Cloud Seeding in Microgravity Experiment. MsRAIN is designed to work in future human colonies on the Moon and Mars as it can help in having a better spatial distribution of water on the colonies. 
MsRAIN is composed of four hydrophobic chambers each containing an air pump, small water container, humidifier, silver iodide container, meteorological sensors, power supply, and high-speed cameras. 
The core perspective in MsRAIN is that physical experiments are needed to understand the possibility of artificial rain formation on the Moon and Mars. Little is known about the behavior of condensation of water vapor on aerosol particles in reduced (fractional) gravity environments (less than the nominal 1 g that occurs on Earth). 
On Earth, cloud seeding missions are widely used in many countries to enhance the amount of precipitation in rain scarcity regions, however, the seeding agents (silver iodide for example) sprayed in the air can be affected by the Earth’s gravity and fall to the ground and to the water bodies which can affect the environment. The lower gravity conditions on the Moon and Mars could help seeding agents stay longer in the atmosphere (if any), consequently providing a better chance for the formation of water droplets. 
The MsRAIN payload team is led by mid-career scientists, engineers, graduate, and undergraduate students from different research institutes in Saudi Arabia. The team includes SSA and the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM).