The Runcorn-Florensky Medal Lecture at EGU25 honors an individual whose work has made outstanding contributions to planetary and solar system sciences, spanning research into planetary bodies, surface and atmospheric processes, and extraterrestrial environments. This distinguished medal lecture highlights exemplary achievements that have shaped our understanding of the solar system and advanced planetary exploration.

Early Career Scientist (ECS) Award Lecture of the Planetary and Solar System Sciences (PS) Division at EGU25 celebrates exceptional research contributions by an early-career scientist in planetary sciences. This prestigious award recognizes pioneering advancements across diverse fields, including planetary geology, astrobiology, atmospheric studies, and solar system exploration.

Research in space and planetary sciences is progressing rapidly with the help of emerging technologies. To tackle the complex challenges of space, and planetary exploration, it is essential to integrate various disciplines. Collaborative efforts are also necessary for the design and operation of spacecraft, satellites, and robotic missions. The session aims to showcase recent advancements in space exploration and novel technologies, relying on synergies between engineering, physics, satellite operation, material and computer science. It will also address the space infrastructures and services, workforce and capacity building needed to support space exploration. The session will be co-sponsored by COSPAR PEX (Panel on Exploration), IAF and IAA and we will solicit contributions from various space agenceis and key industry and technologies stakeholders. It is important that all contributions in this session highlight an inter- and transdisciplinary character of the presented R&D work, going beyond the scope of a single discipline. Clear demonstration of interconnections and cross-fertilization of the engaged brunches is crucial feature of the envisaged presentations and session discussions. The basic R&D topics include, but are not limited to, Astrophysics, Space Science, Spacecraft Design, Satellite Operation, System Engineering, Advanced material technologies, Computational Modelling and Simulation, Data Science, and Analytics. By convening experts from across the globe, this session offers brainstorming in addressing pivotal scientific inquiries and fosters interdisciplinary collaboration by highlighting the synergistic potential of space exploration technologies

All science has uncertainty. Global challenges such as the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change illustrate that an effective dialogue between science and society requires clear communication of uncertainty. Responsible science communication conveys the challenges of managing uncertainty that is inherent in data, models and predictions, facilitating the society to understand the contexts where uncertainty emerges and enabling active participation in discussions. This session invites presentations by individuals and teams on communicating scientific uncertainty to non-expert audiences, addressing topics such as:

(1) Innovative and practical tools (e.g. from social or statistical research) for communicating uncertainty
(2) Pitfalls, challenges and solutions to communicating uncertainty with non-experts
(3) Communicating uncertainty in risk and crisis situations (e.g., natural hazards, climate change, public health crises)

Examples of research fitting into the categories above include a) new, creative ways to visualize different aspects of uncertainty, b) new frameworks to communicate the level of confidence associated with research, c) testing the effectiveness of existing tools and frameworks, such as the categories of “confidence” used in expert reports (e.g., IPCC), or d) research addressing the challenges of communicating high-uncertainty high-impact events.

This session encourages you to share your work and join a community of practice to inform and advance the effective communication of uncertainty in earth and space science.

Science communication includes the efforts of natural, physical and social scientists, communications professionals, and teams that communicate the process and values of science and scientific findings to non-specialist audiences outside of formal educational settings. The goals of science communication can include enhanced dialogue, understanding, awareness, enthusiasm, improving decision making, or influencing behaviors. Channels can include in-person interaction, online, social media, mass media, or other methods. This session invites presentations by individuals and teams on science communication practice, research, and reflection, addressing questions like:

What kind of communication efforts are you engaging in and how you are doing it?
How is social science informing understandings of audiences, strategies, or effects?
What are lessons learned from long-term communication efforts?

This session invites you to share your work and join a community of practice to inform and advance the effective communication of earth and space science.

Fieldwork is essential in geoscience, it provides direct and practical experiences, produces valuable data, validates hypotheses, contextualizes findings, encourages discovery, and helps to understand and eventually solve real-world challenges faced by everyone. Fieldwork is the foundation upon which a significant part of geoscience research and understanding is built. This session is dedicated to exploring the broad range of fieldwork-related topics for education and research that can be as diverse as the fieldwork itself. Topics evolve around novel methods for conducting, teaching and planning fieldwork in a safe and welcoming manner, best practises for managing field teams, addressing sigmatised subjects (personal hygiene, safety equipment) as well as working with local communities and utilizing and sharing existing infrastructure and expertise both inside and outside of institutions. This session provides a safe space to exchange ideas on more inclusive fieldwork practices and strategies.

Humans venture into space to explore the unknown, expand scientific knowledge, and harness the unique resources and opportunities it offers for technological innovation, economic growth, and humanity's long-term survival. This session aims to simultaneously address the application of those sustainability principles to the Earth and outer space and raise human productivity to a new level. By addressing sustainability in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial contexts, the session encourages the development of technologies and policies that ensure the long-term survival and prosperity of human society and drive economic growth and productivity. Integrating sustainable practices into space exploration and Earth management represents a forward-thinking strategy aligning with the global sustainability push. It is a critical area for research, teaching, and practical application related to higher education.

This session’s numerous vital topics will include but not be limited to:

Sustainable Space Exploration

Space-Earth Interlinkages

Policy and Ethical Dimensions

Technological Innovations

Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration

The session proposed is highly relevant to higher education teaching and research. They provide opportunities for curriculum development, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and align with the strategic goals of preparing students for future challenges and opportunities. By integrating these areas into higher education, institutions can contribute to developing sustainable solutions that address terrestrial and extraterrestrial needs, preparing a new generation of leaders equipped to handle the complexities of sustainable development on Earth and beyond. The outcomes of the session have the potential to significantly boost human productivity by promoting innovation, optimizing resource use, and fostering collaboration across various fields.

Following the success of previous years, this session will explore reasons for the under-representation of different groups (gender identities, sexual orientations, racial and cultural backgrounds, abilities, religions, nationality or geography, socioeconomic status, ages, career stages, etc.) by welcoming debate among scientists, decision-makers and policy analysts in the geosciences.

The session will focus on both obstacles that contribute to under-representation and on best practices and innovative ideas to remove those obstacles. Contributions are solicited on the following topics:

- Role models to inspire and further motivate others (life experience and/or their contributions to promote equality)
- Imbalanced representation, preferably supported by data, for awards, medals, grants, high-level positions, invited talks and papers
- Perceived and real barriers to inclusion (personally, institutionally, culturally)
- Recommendations for new and innovative strategies to identify and overcome barriers
- Gender Equality Plans (GEP) in European host institutions: the good, the bad, and the ugly
- Best practices and strategies to move beyond barriers, including:
• successful mentoring programmes;
• networks that work;
• specific funding schemes;
• examples of host institutions initiatives;

Report on situations that you may have experienced in light of recent socio-political changes.

This session is co-organised with the support of the European Research Council (ERC).

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error", or as a process of successful "tinkering" (Knorr, 1979). Thus we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors? We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

Handling mistakes and setbacks is a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for publication in the scientific literature if it confirms an accepted theory or if it reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

In the spirit of open science, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each others' mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths onto our work, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

--
Knorr, Karin D. “Tinkering toward Success: Prelude to a Theory of Scientific Practice.” Theory and Society 8, no. 3 (1979): 347–76.

Climate change represents one of the defining societal challenges of the 21st century. However, the response to this challenge remains largely inadequate across the board. Both in terms of mitigation and adaptation, measures currently taken by countries or companies fall short of what is required to ensure a safe and healthy life for populations around the globe, both today and in the future. The past and continued failure to address climate change results in extreme weather events causing damages and losses, as well as the prospect of further worsening impacts. Insufficient emission reductions exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and lead to increasingly unsafe living conditions in the future. The shortfall in climate action has led citizens to take up legal action to either receive compensation for suffered climate damages or force decision makers to commit to the necessary emissions reductions. In this session, we invite contributions that help bridge the gap between the legal practice of climate litigation and the geosciences. This can include new scientific methods that can support legal efforts, and inter- and transdisciplinary perspectives on how to integrate geoscience insights in litigation, and how to communicate scientific findings to legal practitioners and society at large, in light of legal and ethical aspects of climate change. We also welcome contributions assessing questions of climate change and impact attribution, responsibility, human rights, burden sharing of efforts, translation between science and law, and communication of scientific findings, that link beyond disciplinary boundaries.

After the joint ESA/JAXA mission BepiColombo completed 4 successful swingbys of Mercury with closest approaches of only 200 km, spacecraft observations and numerical modelling give us insight into the unexplored regions around the innermost terrestrial planet. Together with data obtained by the late NASA mission MESSENGER, BepiColombo’s swingbys and orbit phase will lead to new understanding about the origin, formation, evolution, composition, interior structure, and magnetospheric environment of Mercury. This session hosts contributions to planetary, geological, exospheric and magnetospheric science results based on spacecraft observations by Mariner 10, MESSENGER, BepiColombo, and Earth-based observations, modelling of interior, surface and planetary environment and theory.
In particular, studies investigating the required BepiColombo observations during the nominal mission to validate the existing theoretical models about the interior, exosphere and magnetosphere are welcome, as well as presentations on laboratory experiments useful to confirm potential future measurements.

In June 2021, NASA and ESA selected a fleet of three international missions to Venus, which are planned to launch in 2031. Moreover, other missions are in preparation, such as Shukrayaan-1 (ISRO), Venus Life Finder (Rocket Lab), and VOICE (Chinese Academy of Sciences). With the ‘Decade of Venus’ upon us, many fundamental questions remain regarding the planet. Did Venus ever have an ocean? How and when did intense greenhouse conditions develop? How does its internal structure compare to Earth's? How can we better understand Venus’ geologic history as preserved on its surface as well as the present-day state of activity and couplings between the surface and atmosphere? Although Venus is one of the most uninhabitable planets in the Solar System, understanding our nearest planetary neighbor may unveil important lessons on atmospheric and surface processes, interior dynamics, and habitability. Moreover, as an early-Earth analogue, Venus may help us draw important conclusions on the history of our own planet. Beyond the solar system, Venus’ analogues are likely a common type of exoplanets, and we probably have already discovered many of Venus’ sisters orbiting other stars. This session welcomes contributions that address the past, present, and future of Venus science and exploration, and what Venus can teach us about (ancient) Earth as well as exo-Venus analogues. Moreover, Venus mission concepts, new Venus observations, Earth-Venus comparisons, exoplanet observations, new results from previous observations, and the latest lab and modelling approaches are all welcome to our discussion of solving Venus’ mysteries.

This session aims to provide a comprehensive platform for discussing the latest advancements in lunar science, exploration, and sustainable utilization.
We will cover critical aspects of lunar science, including the deep interior, subsurface structure, surface morphology, up to atmospheric dynamics and the solar wind interaction. Such studies can make use of lunar mission data, lunar samples, meteorites, terrestrial analogues, laboratory experiments, and / or modeling efforts.
Furthermore, highlighting results from past and current space missions, this session seeks to explore innovative ideas for future exploration, including insights on forthcoming space missions and instrumentation aiming to greatly advance our understanding of the Moon in the next decades. In addition, the session will focus on identifying strategic knowledge gaps crucial for the safe and sustainable exploration of cis-lunar space and the lunar surface by astronauts.
We welcome all relevant contributions — spanning theoretical models, observational data, and experimental findings — from experts of different fields including science and engineering. As such, the session aims to foster a comprehensive dialogue on the status and future of lunar exploration.

This session welcomes all studies on Mars science and exploration. With many active missions, Mars research is as active as ever, and new data come in on a daily basis. The aim of this session is to bring together disciplines as various as geology, geomorphology, geophysics, and atmospheric science. We look forward to receiving contributions covering both past and present processes, either pure Mars science or comparative planetology (including fieldwork on terrestrial analogues), as well as modeling approaches and laboratory experiments (or any combination of those). New results on Mars science obtained from recent in situ and orbital measurements are particularly encouraged, as well as studies related to upcoming missions and campaigns (ExoMars, Mars Sample Return).

Tianwen-1, launched in July 2020, is China's first Mars exploration mission. It successfully achieved orbit, landed, and deployed the Zhurong rover, marking a significant milestone in space exploration. The mission comprises an orbiter and the Zhurong rover, which landed on Utopia Planitia, a large plain in Mars' northern hemisphere. The primary objectives of Tianwen-1 are to investigate the Martian surface, atmosphere, internal structure, magnetic field, and geological history. Both the orbiter and rover have collected valuable scientific data, contributing to a deeper understanding of Mars. This session invites presentations on the latest scientific findings from the Tianwen-1 mission. We welcome contributions that discuss the mission's discoveries, their implications for the understanding of Mars, and comparisons with results from other Mars missions. This session aims to foster interdisciplinary conversations among planetary scientists, geologists, geophysicists, geochemists, atmospheric scientists, astrobiologists, and other researchers interested in Mars exploration.

To truly understand the surface features and inner workings of a planet, its tectonic, volcanic, and seismic processes need to be thoroughly studied. To do so, many different methods exist including numerical and analogue modelling studies, lab experiments on rock rheology and environmental conditions, detailed geological mapping, and theoretical geophysical studies of a planet’s available data, such as topography and gravity. To further complement these studies, missions are an invaluable addition to gather data on the various planetary bodies of interest.

Indeed, from a mission perspective, we are set to learn a lot about planetary tectonics, volcanism, and seismicity in the coming decades as BepiColombo reaches Mercury to study its geology and tectonics, the VERITAS and EnVision missions will study the current tectonic and volcanic activity of Venus, and Dragonfly promises a wealth of seismological observations of Titan. As the recent InSight mission showed, these missions have the power to transform our understanding of a planetary system. Looking even more towards the future, it is also expected that seismology will return to the (farside of the) Moon with the selection of the Farside Seismic Suite on a commercial lander in the next few years and the Lunar Geophysical Network remains an encouraged mission concept for a future NASA New Frontiers call.

Here, we aim to bring together contributions that use a range of different methods (modelling, mapping, missions, etc.) to study the tectonics, volcanism, and seismicity of planetary bodies such that different communities may learn from each other in their quest to more thoroughly understand the workings of rocky and icy planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.

This session primarily focuses on neutral atmospheres, surfaces, and exospheres of terrestrial bodies other than the Earth. This includes not only Venus and Mars, but also exoplanets with comparable envelopes, small bodies and satellites carrying dense atmospheres such as Titan, exospheres such as Ganymede, or with a surface directly exposed to space like asteroids. We welcome contributions dealing with processes affecting the atmospheres of these bodies, from the surface to the exosphere. We invite abstracts concerning observations, both from Earth or from space, modeling and theoretical studies, or laboratory work. Comparative planetology abstracts will be particularly appreciated.

The Planetary Geomorphology session aims to bring together geomorphologists who study the Earth with those who work on other bodies such as Mars, Venus, Mercury, the Moon, icy satellites of the outer solar system, comets, and/or asteroids. Studies applicable to landscapes on any scale on any solid body are welcome. We particularly encourage those who use Earth analogues, laboratory/numerical simulation and/or big satellite datasets to submit their work. Considered processes could include aeolian, volcanic, tectonic, fluvial, glacial, periglacial, or "undetermined" ones. We especially welcome contributions from early-career scientists and geomorphologists who are new to planetary science.

Dynamical processes shape the Earth and other rocky planets throughout their history; their present state is a result of this long-term evolution. Early on, processes and lifetimes of magma oceans establish the initial conditions for their long-term development; subsequently their long-term evolution is shaped by the dynamics of the mantle-lithosphere system, compositional differentiation or mixing, possible core-mantle reactions, etc.. These processes can be interrogated through observations of the rock record, geochemistry, seismology, gravity, magnetism and planetary remote sensing all linked through geodynamical modelling constrained by physical properties of relevant phases.

This session aims to provide a holistic view of the dynamics, structure, composition and evolution of Earth and rocky planets (including exoplanets) on temporal scales ranging from the present day to billions of years, and on spatial scales ranging from microscopic to global, by bringing together constraints from geodynamics, mineral physics, geochemistry, petrology, planetary science and astronomy.

The structure and dynamics of the core of planets is essential to understand the planet's thermal, compositional and orbital evolution. This session seeks to showcase recent observational, theoretical and experimental developments in understanding the properties and dynamics of Earth's and terrestrial planetary cores.

We welcome contributions from seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, geodetic observations, numerical modeling, and all related fields following theoretical, numerical, observational or experimental approaches aimed at providing input towards the global goal of deciphering the history and properties of terrestrial planetary cores.

The dynamics of planetary cores and subsurface oceans represent fundamental components of planetary evolution models, contributing to the balance of heat and angular momentum, energy dissipation, and the generation of magnetic fields, which can be observed both in situ and remotely. The steering mechanisms in these fluid layers encompass a range of processes, including slow thermal and compositional convection, as well as diurnal orbital perturbations, such as precession, nutations, librations, and tides. The resulting non-linear dynamics present a significant challenge for both numerical and experimental approaches.

The increasing volume of data from satellite and Earth-based missions requires ongoing efforts to enhance our understanding of these dynamics through theoretical, numerical, and experimental research. In this session, we welcome contributions from all disciplines to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of planetary core and geodynamo models. This includes research on thermal and compositional convection, mechanically driven flows by precession/nutation, libration, and tides, as well as dynamo processes.

Jupiter’s icy moons – Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto – are at the center of planetary science curiosity, particularly in the search for habitability in the solar system. In this context, ESA’s Jupiter Icy moons Explorer (Juice) is on its way to the Jovian system after its successful Earth–Moon gravity assist in August 2024 and will be joined by NASA’s Europa Clipper following its launch in October 2024.

This session invites contributions from the science community related to these two missions’ objectives. This includes, but is not limited to, better understanding of Jupiter icy moons’ surface properties, internal structures and dynamics of their subsurface oceans, as well as implications for habitability. The session will also cover the moons’ complex interactions with the space environment and their dynamic evolution within the Jovian system. Finally, abstracts related to observations and future science opportunities during cruise are also welcome.

As we reflect on this unique opportunity of having two spacecrafts in the Jovian system at the same time, the session will highlight the scientific opportunities offered by each mission as well as by the dual-spacecraft configuration, emphasizing the synergistic potential of Europa Clipper and Juice.

Since arriving in orbit in 2016, Juno has dramatically increased our understanding of Jupiter’s atmosphere, magnetosphere, interior, and origin. Now in its extended mission since 2021, Juno continues to not only explore Jupiter, but has also transformed into a full system explorer of the Jovian system, conducting close and distant flybys of Io, Europa, and Ganymede along with observations of Jupiter’s ring system. As the extended mission continues, Juno’s orbit evolves unveil even more mysteries of the moons and the northern pole of the planet. Observational results from Juno, Earth-based supporting observations, modeling of Jupiter and its moons, and comparisons to other giant plant systems (including exoplanets) and moons are welcome.

Titan is one of the most complex environments in the solar system, a complexity expressed in a triad of manifestations: in the photochemically intense and seasonally varying atmosphere; in the unique hydrocarbon lakes and oceans, the dunes and other geomorphological features; and in the astrobiologically intriguing subsurface water ocean.
We invite the international Titan community to convene in the 2025 EGU general assembly where all above aspects will be discussed from observational, theoretical and experimental perspectives. We look forward discussing the latest discoveries from the analysis of Cassini-Huygens, JWST and ground-based observations, as well as exploring anticipated results from the forthcoming Dragonfly mission. This is also a great opportunity for the community to exchange ideas with colleagues studying the Earth, the only other planet matching Titan's systemic complexity.

The Uranus and Neptune planetary systems are among the most intriguing and least explored in our Solar System, presenting exciting opportunities for new discoveries. This session invites submissions of interdisciplinary topics covering all aspects of ice giant systems, including atmospheres, interior structure, ionospheres, magnetospheres, rings, and satellites. Our session welcomes presentations that advance our understanding of the ice giant systems from a range of perspectives including observations, modelling, theory, and laboratory work. Papers related to future ice giant system exploration, instrumentation, mission concepts, technology developments, and international cooperation are welcome. We also encourage comparative and complementary studies of other planetary bodies, within our Solar System and beyond.

The icy moons of our Solar System are prime targets for the search for extraterrestrial life. Moons such as Saturn's Enceladus and Jupiter's Europa are considered potential habitats because of their subglacial water oceans, which are in direct contact with the rocks below. Titan, with its potential subsurface ocean, icy surface and methane-based weather, could provide an analogue for a primordial earth and the circumstances in which life developed. To assess the habitability and sample the oceans of these moons, several approaches are being discussed, including water plume surveys on Europa and Enceladus, as well as developing key technologies to penetrate the ice and even study the ocean itself with autonomous underwater vehicles, if the ice is thin enough. Moreover, a key aspect of habitability is linked with the geological processes acting on these moons. The main questions that this session aims to address are the following:
- What can we learn from analogue studies on Earth?
- What are the properties of the ice shell and how do they evolve?
- How will planned missions to these bodies contribute to furthering our understanding?
- What measurements should be conducted by future missions?

The goal of this multidisciplinary session is to bring together scientists from different fields, including planetary sciences and the cryosphere community, to discuss the current status and next steps in the remote and in-situ exploration of the icy moons of our solar system. We welcome contributions from analogue studies, on the results of current and past missions, planned missions, mission concepts, lessons learned from other missions, and more. Contributions bridging the cryosphere-icy moons communities are of particular interest to this session.

This session examines serpentinization processes across various geological settings, from Earth's deep ocean floors to the surfaces of extraterrestrial bodies. We seek contributions that: (i) explore the role of serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems in the origin of life, focusing on early Earth conditions, such as hydrothermal vents and hyperalkaline springs, where the unique chemistry of serpentinites may have fostered prebiotic chemistry and the emergence of primitive life forms; (ii) aim to understand the physical properties of serpentinites, such as their rheology and magnetism, and how these properties influence mechanical and tectonic processes, including subduction dynamics in forearcs, mantle wedge hydration, fluid flow mechanisms, and the interplay between serpentinization and hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges and continental-ocean transitions; (iii) investigate the role of serpentinites in Earth’s volatile geochemical cycles, from mid-ocean ridges to subduction processes, examining the role of fore-arc serpentinization, high-pressure devolatilization in volatile cycling, and redox processes, and their implications for arc volcanism and deep-Earth volatile recycling; (iv) explore the roles of serpentinites in hydrogen production across environments, including low-temperature serpentinization and its role in hydrogen production, crucial for sustaining microbial life, and the generation of geologic hydrogen as a potential energy source and its societal impact; (v) consider the broader implications of serpentinization on other planetary bodies, where similar processes might occur, potentially supporting life beyond Earth.

Contributions from various fields, including geodynamics, geochemistry, biochemistry, and geology, are welcome, incorporating theoretical, experimental, and natural examples. We encourage studies that address the intersection of serpentinization with broader planetary and astrobiological contexts, providing insights into the feedback mechanisms between serpentinization, hydrothermal budgets, and geological evolution in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments.

The session convenes researchers investigating various aspects of small celestial bodies and dust in planetary atmospheres and surrounding space. Discussions encompass asteroids, comets, meteoroids, meteors, meteorites, dust (including its behavior, charging, lifting, and settling on planetary surfaces), and more. We welcome contributions on Martian moons that aim to study Phobos and Deimos' physical properties and understand their origin. The session emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of such studies, incorporating laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and observations. It provides insights into small bodies' evolutionary and compositional aspects, elucidating their role in shaping space environments. We invite presenters to showcase recent and upcoming space missions, warmly welcome early career scientists, foster collaborative ideas, and encourage the presentation of cross-disciplinary research.

The ionospheres and (induced) magnetospheres of unmagnetized and weakly magnetized bodies with substantial atmospheres (e.g. Mars, Venus, Titan, Pluto and comets) are subject to disturbances due to solar activity, interplanetary conditions (e.g. solar flares, coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particles), or for moons, parent magnetospheric activity. These objects interact similarly as their magnetized counterparts but with scientifically important differences.
As an integral part of planetary atmospheres, ionospheres are tightly coupled with the neutral atmosphere, exosphere and surrounding plasma environment, possessing rich compositional, density, and temperature structures. The interaction among neutral and charged components affects atmospheric loss, neutral winds, photochemistry, and energy balance within ionospheres.
This session invites abstracts concerning remote and in-situ data analysis, modelling studies, comparative studies, instrumentation and mission concepts for unmagnetized and weakly magnetized solar system bodies.

The session solicits contributions that report on nonthermal solar, planetary radio emissions, and radio wave generation at exoplanets. Coordinated multi-point observations from ground radio telescopes (e.g., LOFAR, LOIS, LWA1, URAN-2, UTR-2) and spacecraft plasma/wave experiments (e.g., BepiColombo, Solar Orbiter, Parker Solar Probe, UVSQ-Sat, Inspire-Sat 7, Cassini, Cluster, Demeter, Galileo, Juno, Stereo, Ulysses and Wind) are especially encouraged. Presentations should focus on radiophysics techniques which offer a wealth of diagnostic tools for detecting and measuring the magnetic field, the energetic particles, and the plasma properties in solar system regions, like the solar corona, the interplanetary medium and the magnetized auroral regions. Overview contributions on current states of radio investigation, scientific advances, and outlooks on the next decade are supported. Interest also extends to laboratory and experimental studies devoted to the comprehension of the generation mechanisms (e.g., cyclotron maser instability, mode conversion), and the acceleration processes (e.g., Alfven waves). Further preparations, evaluations, investigations, analyses of forthcoming space missions or nanosatellites (like Juice, SunRISE, UVSQ-Sat NG…) are also welcome.

Interdisciplinary research at the intersection of solar and heliospheric physics, magnetospheric science, and planetary studies is essential for a comprehensive understanding of solar activity and its profound effects throughout the solar system. By integrating observations and models from multiple disciplines, this session aims to elucidate the mechanisms driving solar-planetary interactions. The session should make visible the European Heliophysics Community, that strongly follows interdisciplinary-oriented research. In that respect, the recent great solar storms provide an ideal “natural approach” for interdisciplinary investigations. This session therefore covers, not exclusively but mainly, the activity period March 2023 until May 2024 in all aspects. On the dynamics of the Sun, including solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar wind, and their interactions with the heliosphere and planets, and how solar phenomena influence planetary magnetospheres, ionospheres, and atmospheres. The session also aims to show how interdisciplinary studies foster the communication between different fields of research for designing more efficient data analysis tools serving all.

Space and astrophysical plasmas are typically in a turbulent state, exhibiting strong fluctuations of various quantities over a broad range of scales. These fluctuations are non-linearly coupled and this coupling may lead to a transfer of energy (and other quantities such as cross helicity, magnetic helicity) from large to small scales and to dissipation. Turbulent processes are relevant for the heating of the solar wind and the corona, and the acceleration of energetic particles. Many aspects of the turbulence are not well understood, in particular, the injection and onset of the cascade, the cascade itself, the dissipation mechanisms. Moreover, the role of specific phenomena such as the magnetic reconnections, shock waves, solar wind expansion, plasma instabilities and their relationship with the turbulent cascade and dissipation are under debate. This session will address these questions through discussion of observational, theoretical, numerical, and laboratory work to understand these processes. This session is relevant to many space missions, e.g., Wind, Cluster, MMS, STEREO, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, DSCOV, Solar Orbiter and the Parker Solar Probe.
This year, in particular, we welcome contributions on how future missions, such as HelioSwarm and Plasma Observatory, can advance our understanding of turbulence in space plasmas

The Earth's inner magnetosphere contains different charged particle populations, such as the Van Allen radiation belts, ring current particles, and plasmaspheric particles. Their energy range varies from eV to several MeV, and the interplay among the charged particles provide feedback mechanisms which couple all those populations together. Ring current particles can generate various waves, for example, EMIC waves and chorus waves, which play important roles in the dynamic evolution of the radiation belts through wave-particle interactions. Ring current electrons can be accelerated to relativistic radiation belt electrons. The plasmaspheric medium can also affect these processes. In addition, precipitation of ring current and radiation belt particles will influence the ionosphere, while up-flows of ionospheric particles can affect dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. Understanding these coupling processes is crucial for fundamental understanding and for accurate space weather forecasting.

While the dynamics of outer planets’ magnetospheres are driven by a unique combination of internal coupling processes, these systems have a number of fascinating similarities which make comparative studies particularly interesting. We invite a broad range of theoretical, modelling, and observational studies focusing on the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere of the Earth and outer planets, including the coupling of the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere and coupling between the solar wind disturbances and various magnetospheric processes. Contributions from all relevant fields, including theoretical studies, numerical modelling, observations from satellite and ground-based missions are welcome as well as new mission concepts. In particular, we encourage presentations using data from MMS, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, Arase (ERG), Cluster, CubeSat missions, Juno, SuperDARN, magnetometer, optical imagers, IS-radars and ground-based VLF measurements. We also invite contributions from new mission concepts.

Understanding plasma energization and energy transport is a grand challenge of space plasma physics, and due to its vicinity, Geospace provides an excellent laboratory to investigate them. Strong plasma energization and energy transport occur at boundaries and boundary layers such as the foreshock, the bow shock, the magnetosheath, the magnetopause, the magnetotail current sheet, and the transition region. Fundamental plasma processes such as shock formation, magnetic reconnection, turbulence, wave-particle interactions, plasma jet braking, field-aligned currents generation and their combinations initiate and govern plasma energization and energy transport.
ESA/Cluster and NASA/MMS four-point constellations, as well as the large-scale multipoint mission NASA/THEMIS, have greatly improved our understanding of these processes at individual scales compared to earlier single-point measurements. However, such missions, as well as theory and numerical simulations, also revealed that these processes operate across multiple scales ranging from the large fluid to the smaller kinetic scales, implying that scale coupling is critical. Simultaneous in situ measurements at both large, fluid and small, kinetic scales are required to resolve scale coupling and ultimately fully understand plasma energization and energy transport processes. Such measurements are currently not yet available.
Building on previous single-scale missions, multiscale missions such as HelioSwarm and mission concepts such as MagCon and Plasma Observatory represent the next generation of space plasma physics investigations. Coordination of all of these assets and ideas is also part of a drive towards a new International Solar Terrestrial Physics program (ISTPNext), to focus on the system of systems that is heliophysics.
This session invites submissions on the topic of scale coupling in fundamental plasma processes, covering in situ observations, theory and simulations, multipoint data analysis methods and instrumentation. Submissions on coordination with ground based observations as well as on remote solar and astrophysical observations are also encouraged.

The Earth's middle atmosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere (MLT) region provide a great platform for studying ionospheric dynamics, disturbances, eddy mixing, atmospheric drag effects, and space debris tracking. The thermal structure of these regions is influenced by numerous energy sources such as solar radiation, chemical, and dynamical processes, as well as forces from both above (e.g. solar and magnetospheric inputs) and below (e.g. gravity waves and atmospheric tides). Solar atmospheric tides, related to global-scale variations of temperature, density, pressure, and wind waves, are responsible for coupling the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere and significantly impact their vertical profiles in the upper atmosphere. With evidence of climate change impacts on the middle and upper atmosphere, monitoring and understanding trends through observational data is critical. There has been a contraction of the stratosphere and a decrease in the density of the upper atmosphere, which could impact the accumulation of space debris. This session invites presentations on scientific work related to various experimental/observational techniques, numerical and empirical modeling, and theoretical analyses on the dynamics, chemistry, and coupling processes in the altitude range of ~ 20 km to 180 km of the middle atmosphere and MLT regions, including long-term climatic changes.

Cosmic rays carry information about space and solar activity, and, once near the Earth, they produce isotopes, influence genetic information, and are extraordinarily sensitive to water. Given the vast spectrum of interactions of cosmic rays with matter in different parts of the Earth and other planets, cosmic-ray research ranges from studies of the solar system to the history of the Earth, and from health and security issues to hydrology, agriculture, and climate change.
Although research on cosmic-ray particles is connected to a variety of disciplines and applications, they all share similar questions and challenges regarding the physics of detection, modeling, and the influence of environmental factors.

The session brings together scientists from all fields of research that are related to monitoring and modeling of cosmogenic radiation. It will allow the sharing of expertise amongst international researchers as well as showcase recent advancements in their field. The session aims to stimulate discussions about how individual disciplines can share their knowledge and benefit from each other.

We solicit contributions related but not limited to:
- Health, security, and radiation protection: cosmic-ray dosimetry on Earth and its dependence on environmental and atmospheric factors
- Planetary space science: satellite and ground-based neutron and gamma-ray sensors to detect water and soil constituents
- Neutron and Muon monitors: detection of high-energy cosmic-ray variations and its dependence on local, atmospheric, and magnetospheric factors
- Hydrology and climate change: low-energy neutron sensing to measure water in reservoirs at and near the land surface, such as soil, snowpack, and vegetation
- Cosmogenic nuclides: as tracers of atmospheric circulation and mixing; as a tool in archaeology or glaciology for dating of ice and measuring ablation rates; and as a tool for surface exposure dating and measuring rates of surficial geological processes
- Detector design: technological advancements in the detection of cosmic rays and cosmogenic particles
- Cosmic-ray modeling: advances in modeling of the cosmic-ray propagation through the magnetosphere and atmosphere, and their response to the Earth's surface
- Impact modeling: How can cosmic-ray monitoring support environmental models, weather and climate forecasting, agricultural and irrigation management, and the assessment of natural hazards

Geophysical and astrophysical flows in stratified media exhibit stratified turbulence that gives rise to a variety of flow phenomena spanning a range of spatial scales from the Kolmogorov to planetary scales. Stratified turbulence significantly influences the flow dynamics on various temporal scales via complex nonlinear interactions, which continue to be challenging to understand, diagnose, and quantify from both theory and numerics. This understanding is fundamental to advance our knowledge of turbulent flow dynamics, and a prerequisite for improved turbulent closures and parameterizations for robust predictions of weather and climate. This session aims at bringing together the recent advancements in the field of fluid dynamics, with a focus on geophysical and astrophysical flows, as well as magneto-hydro dynamics.

Our session invites fundamental and applied contributions on stratified turbulence in fluids from theoretical, numerical, and experimental observational perspectives. The topics include, but are not limited to: two dimensional, three dimensional, isotropic, and anisotropic turbulence; energy transitions and cascades in turbulent flows; turbulent fluxes and transports; turbulent decay, mixing, and dissipation; stable boundary layer flows and intermittent turbulence; wave-vortex dynamics in various turbulent regimes; wave turbulence; clear air turbulence; turbulence in weakly and strongly stratified flows and stratified shear flows.

We particularly encourage participation from early career researchers.

This session addresses recent progress in characterisation of exoplanet climate regimes based on observations including JWST, TESS, and CHEOPS. JWST for the first time observed features of solid particles which have been interpreted as signatures of mineral clouds in transition spectra of gas giant exoplanets while complementary facilities such as TESS and CHEOPS provide equally important insight into the physics of exoplanet atmospheres. TESS and CHEOPS phase curves point to the need of a magnetically coupled atmospheric gas. While all these processes have been predicted for exoplanets before they could be observed, planetary clouds and magnetic fields have been extensively studied for solar system planets in situ with diverse space missions.

This session aims to invite recent progress in exoplanet atmosphere characterisation based on a combination of observation and modelling. The session focusses on cloud and gas-phase chemistry modelling, the modelling of magnetic coupling in atmospheres and how these have and can be observed. Contributions working at the cross-over of solar system and exoplanet sciences are particularly welcomed.

This session is triggered by the recent CHEOPS atmosphere interpretation activities on incorporating complex 3D modelling in their data interpretation. This session is part of the PLATO WP/WG activities for exoplanet gas giants.

Organisational aspects:
We plan to assure a diverse program as well as a diversity of speakers according to the EGU EDI labels. The program shall foster exchange by leaving enough time for questions and answers. We further plan to involve young researchers into the session handling (following the EANA example).

Organic matter with variable degrees of chemical complexity is found throughout our Solar System – ranging from simple molecules like methane in Titan’s lakes to macromolecular matter in meteorites. While small bodies like comets and Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Objects (EKBOs) are thought to have preserved a pristine material record, the organic chemistry in planets and their satellites can be strong indicators of environmental processes. The widespread nature of organic species leaves us wondering: How did these organics form? Was this chemical complexity inherited, did it emerge in the Solar System, or a combination of both? What do these molecules tell us about the physical conditions and formational history of planetary bodies and other objects in the Solar System? Is there a link between this organic matter and the emergence of life?

This session is dedicated to the study of organic molecules and their chemical reactions throughout the Solar System, as well as in the nearby environments from which these compounds could be inherited. Scientists with backgrounds in laboratory experimentation, chemical modelling, space exploration, instrumentation, theoretical chemistry, geo-/cosmochemistry and astronomical observations are brought together to share knowledge and progress our understanding of the evolution of organic chemistry in interplanetary / interstellar dust particles, meteorites, comets, asteroids, EKBOs, icy moons, terrestrial planets, and planetary atmospheres. We also ask how current and future space exploration missions, such as OSIRIS-REx, Hayabusa2, Europa Clipper, JUICE, Dragonfly, and Martian Moons Explorer (MMX) can push the boundaries of our knowledge of organic matter.

This session aims to bring together a diverse group of scientists who are interested in how life and planetary processes have co-evolved over geological time. This includes studies of how paleoenvironments have contributed to biological evolution and vice versa, linking fossil records to paleo-Earth processes and the influence of tectonic and magmatic processes on the evolution of life. As an inherently multi-disciplinary subject, we aspire to better understand the complex coupling of biogeochemical cycles and life, the links between mass extinctions and their causal geological events, how fossil records shed light on ecosystem drivers over deep time, and how tectono-geomorphic processes impact biodiversity patterns at global or local scales. We aim to understand our planet and its biosphere through both observation- and modelling-based studies. We also invite contributions on general exoplanet-life co-evolution.

Geodetic mapping of planetary targets is critical for any exploration mission. Parameters of orbit, rotation, shape models, topographic data, or cartographic maps will support spacecraft orbital operations and probe landings and will also enable studies of surface morphology and interior structures. The recent planetary exploration missions have acquired enormous mapping datasets with high spatial resolutions, offering new opportunities to expand our understanding of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. This session welcomes contributions from all aspects of geodetic mapping, including but not restricted to the following topics, 1) Shape modeling and topographic mapping using images and laser altimetry; 2) New instruments and analysis methods, including deep learning and machine learning techniques; 3) Upcoming planetary exploration missions.

This session invites contributions to new or improved instrumentation and methods for space and planetary exploration, including novel and established applications. The session is open to all branches of planetary and space measurement tools and techniques, including, but not limited to optical, electromagnetic, seismic, acoustic, and gravity measurements. This session is also intended as an open forum, where discussion between representatives of different fields within planetary, space and geosciences will be strongly encouraged, looking for a fruitful mutual exchange and cross fertilization between scientific areas.

The LEO space environment is far more crowded than ever before, with mega-constellations of commercially owned satellites comprising a large proportion of operational LEOsats providing vital services including Earth observation, climate monitoring, and communications. LEO residents also include debris and include rocket bodies, defunct satellites, and fragments of destroyed satellites. Despite commitments to the removal of satellites from the LEO protected region within 5 years of end of mission, through deorbit or transfer to a graveyard orbit, this will only limit the growth of space debris, not actively reduce it. In order to maintain the safety, sustainability and accessibility of LEO orbits and beyond, work across a broad range of disciplines must be done to enable successful global coordination of space traffic management. This session aims to highlight ongoing computational and experimental research aimed at achieving a sustainable space future, including but not exclusive to: improving space situational awareness, understanding satellite re-entry and its impacts on the upper atmosphere, and identifying and disposing of space debris.

The relationship between endogenic and exogenic processes have produced a variety of landforms, compositions and structures observed on Mars, Venus, Mercury and the Moon, which are often similar to those on Earth. The calibration and interpretation of the datasets provided by the plethora of space missions, testing of hypotheses and other practical questions require an ever increasing number of tools and methods for verification. Thus, despite the utility of classical methods of investigations and the continual developments of data mining and machine learning, the scientific community still needs to look for ground-truth to fully interpret the data and test their hypotheses.

The study of analogues (i.e. natural geological settings) and simulant (i.e. artificially made) materials provide insights into processes that may have occurred on other planets, allowing an additional viewpoint for interpretations. Thus, they represent the most effective tool to fill the gap between models/lab experiments and reality, making them fundamental in interpreting geological and other planetary processes.

Due to the increasing interest and importance of this topic, the goal of this session is to bring together scientists from different fields to share their insights in understanding the Earth and terrestrial planets with new “eyes”, plan future missions and investigate limits of life. This includes planetary geologists (working with remotely sensed data, potential field data and seismic data), engineers, astrophysicists studying rocky exoplanets and astrobiologists studying life in extreme environments.

This session welcomes contributions involving studies of:
-Terrestrial analogues to Mars, Mercury, Moon, Icy Satellites and other Solar System bodies
-Field analogues and remotes sensing studies
-Field analogues and potential field /seismological studies
-Laboratory experiments on planetary analogue conditions
-Soil and regolith simulants
-Field terrestrial analogues and studies on life in extreme environments
-Development of ISRU technologies, based on the insights provided by analogue and simulant experiments

Modelling the subsurface structure of planetary bodies using gravity and magnetic data has been extensively applied across a range of celestial bodies, including the Earth, Moon, terrestrial planets (i.e., Mars, Mercury, Venus), and icy satellites (e.g., Ganymede, Europa, Callisto and Enceladus). In combination with measurements of surface topography and shape, the interior properties of celestial bodies, such as thickness and density of internal layers, can be inferred. These studies are pivotal for the understanding of their geological evolution. This session will explore the latest methods and approaches in developing planetary gravity and magnetic field models, conducting topographical analyses, and carrying out data modelling techniques to unravel the internal structures of planets and satellites. Contributions spanning various aspects of planetary research, including theoretical studies, observational data, and the development of potential field solutions are welcome. Additionally, presentations on innovative data processing and interpretation methods, advances in subsurface modeling techniques, and specific case studies of geological interest are encouraged. New insights from the analysis of potential field data from past missions, combined with contributions on the preparation and anticipated findings from recent and upcoming missions (e.g., BepiColombo, JUICE, Europa Clipper, Veritas, EnVision), as well as advanced applications, will offer the community a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic area of planetary research.

Since the dawn of interplanetary missions, spacecraft telecommunications systems have been exploited to improve knowledge about the atmospheres, ionospheres, rings, surfaces, and interiors of solar system bodies. The process, known as radio science, involves the propagation of a signal from a transmitter to a receiver, working together effectively as one instrument. We welcome submissions on a wide range of radio science techniques to study solar system bodies, from large planets and their moons to small bodies. The applications include, but are not limited to, traditional ground-based orbitography and satellite-to-satellite tracking to investigate planetary interiors, planetary ionosphere and neutral atmospheres, surface roughness and dielectric constant, solar wind properties, and long-range gravitational theories.

Lunar and deep space exploration programs and achievements of Chang-E and Tianwen missions
The session considers all aspects of the lunar and deep space exploration missions developed by CNSA, especially the studies related to the Chang-E series missions, such as remote and in-situ measurements, lunar sample analysis etc. It covers topics about the formation of the Moon, its geophysical and geological properties via data analysis and various modeling. The new ideas, the different instruments, as well as mission concepts used to explore and study solar system bodies.

Since the Chang-E1 mission, the CNSA change series mission has been successfully launched six lunar exploration missions to the space, in addition to bring samples back from the far and near side of the Moon, it has also been acquired scientific data of various measurements. The Chang-E mission has draw a broad interesting from the international community, The other to Chang-E 7 and Chang-E 8 mission is planned to be launched in 2026 and 2028, respectively. The planetary small body exploration mission and Mars sample return missions of Tianwen series, are also planned. The session will provide a platform for all scientists and researchers a platform to discuss and share their ideas and achievements.

The Jupiter is a complex system composed of a broad diversity of interacting components: regular and irregular moons, rings, magnetosphere, linked together by gravitational, electrodynamic and radiative coupling. At a time when the Juno mission orbits Jupiter and a new wave of space missions to Jupiter is underway with JUICE, Europa Clipper and Tianwen-4, remote sensing of the different components of the system will be critical to provide a comprehensive description of its dynamics and and better understand how it works. This session will review current and planned facilities and programs providing observations of the Jupiter system. It will welcome new ideas of observing techniques, instruments and facilities for Jupiter system observations and encourage international collaborations and citizen science initiatives for observing Jupiter in a new, more integrative perspective over the two coming decades

The recent growing number of probes in the heliosphere and future missions in preparation led to the current decade being labelled as "the golden age of heliophysics research". With more viewpoints and data downstreamed to Earth, machine learning (ML) has become a precious tool for planetary and heliospheric research to process the increasing amount of data and help the discovery and modelisation of physical systems. Recent years have also seen the development of novel approaches leveraging complex data representations with highly parameterised machine learning models and combining them with well-defined and understood physical models. These advancements in ML with physical insights or physically informed neural networks inspire new questions about how each field can respectively help develop the other. To better understand this intersection between data-driven learning approaches and physical models in planetary sciences and heliophysics, we seek to bring ML researchers and physical scientists together as part of this session and stimulate the interaction of both fields by presenting state-of-the-art approaches and cross-disciplinary visions of the field.

The "ML for Planetary Sciences and Heliophysics" session aims to provide an inclusive and cutting-edge space for discussions and exchanges at the intersection of machine learning, planetary and heliophysics topics. This space covers (1) the application of machine learning/deep learning to space research, (2) novel datasets and statistical data analysis methods over large data corpora, and (3) new approaches combining learning-based with physics-based to bring an understanding of the new AI-powered science and the resulting advancements in heliophysics research.
Topics of interest include all aspects of ML and heliophysics, including, but not limited to: space weather forecasting, computer vision systems applied to space data, time-series analysis of dynamical systems, new machine learning models and data-assimilation techniques, and physically informed models.

In the last ten years, space exploration has evolved towards a relevant number of landed missions to Mars and the Moon. The lunar exploration program plans to land human crews on the Moon as the first step in the exploration of Mars. On Earth, geoscientists and geologists now have access to remote sensing data, UAVs with imagers, and GNSS positioning and navigational support.

Geologic mapping is happening in the digital domain for planetary and terrestrial geology, but the communities have been generally separated since the Apollo era.

This session will gather Earth and Planetary geoscientists to discuss methods and techniques adopted abroad for modern basic and applied geologic mapping.

Topics:
- innovative techniques and methods for field and remote sensing data collection
- integration of non-common dataset
- digital formats and interoperability/usability of geological maps
- geologic mapping programs from national and space agencies.
- cartographic representation
- derived or specialized maps (alteration, ore/resources, geotechnical)

The outcome would be a broad view of similarities, differences, and open issues in both earth and planetary mapping, creating the opportunity to fill potential gaps.

We will invite some experts in the fields as Keynote Speakers.

Humans have been successfully mapping the remotest and most inhospitable places on Earth, and the surfaces and interiors of other planets and their moons at highest resolution. However, vast areas here on Earth remain blank spots and are located in areas that have not been accessed either through field surveys, geophysical methods or remote sensing due to technical and/or financial challenges. Some of these regions are crucial, as they hold the potential to uncover important geological and habitat information to facilitate future exploration efforts and an overall better understanding of our environment.
Such extreme and remote locations are commonly associated with the ocean floor, or planetary surfaces, but these extreme worlds might also be found in hot deserts, under the ice, in high-mountain ranges, in volcanic edifices, hidden underneath dense canopy cover, or located within the near-surface crust. All such locations are prime targets for remote sensing mapping in a wider sense. The methodological and technical repertoire to investigate extreme and remote locations is thus highly specialized and despite different contexts there are commonalities not only with respect to technical mapping approaches, but also in the way how knowledge is gathered and assessed, interpreted and visualised regarding its scientific but also its economic value.
This session invites contributions to this field of geologic mapping and cartography of extreme (natural) environments with a focus on the scientific synthesis and extraction of information and knowledge.
A candidate contribution might cover, but is not limited to, topics such as:
- ocean mapping using manned and unmanned vehicles and devices,
- offshore exploration using remote sensing techniques,
- crustal investigation through drilling and sampling,
- mapping campaigns in glaciated regions
- subsurface investigation using radar techniques,
- planetary geologic and geophysical mapping,
- geologic investigation of desert environments.
The aim of this session is to bring together researchers mapping environments that are hardly accessible or not accessible at all, thus often relying on geophysical or remote sensing techniques as main source for collecting data and information. We would like to focus on geological and geophysical mapping of spots for which we have no or only very limited knowledge due to the harsh environmental conditions, and we would thus exclude areas that are inaccessible for political reasons.

Radar is a prominent tool for studying ice on Earth and is becoming widespread on other planetary bodies. In this session, we hope to bring together all those interested in radar data and analysis to showcase their work, take inspiration from each other and develop new (interdisciplinary) collaborations. We aim for this session to encompass various targets, instruments and applications, such as:

- Targets: snow, firn, land ice, sea ice, lake ice, river ice and permafrost on Earth as well as the surfaces and interiors of Mars, Europa, Ganymede, The Moon, Titan, Venus, Small bodies, etc.

- Instruments: airborne and spaceborne sounders, altimeters, SAR and passive microwave radiometers as well as drones, GPR, ApRES, pRES and other radars.
Acquisition and processing: hardware, passive measurements, datasets, algorithm development, etc.

- Analysis and interpretation techniques: reflectometry, interferometry, thermometry, specularity, EM simulations, inversion, etc.

- Applications: investigations in surface-, englacial, subglacial and proglacial areas, scattering interfaces, roughness, hydrology, geothermal heat flux, material properties, fabric, modelling/supporting lab work, Earth and extraterrestrial analogs/synergies, etc.

We especially encourage the participation of Early Career Researchers and those from underrepresented groups.

Rocket launches and re-entry of reusable and discarded objects adds anthropogenic trace gases and aerosols to almost all layers of the atmosphere. The space sector is the only anthropogenic emission source to the middle-to-upper atmospheres where pollutants can persist for decades, leaving a lasting legacy of atmospheric pollution. These pollutants are becoming increasingly ubiquitous due to the recent exponential growth of the space sector, yet there are no regulatory controls targeting these emissions. Quantification of the complex and unique effects on the atmosphere is mired by many uncertainties and data gaps, such as in the chemical composition of exhaust from novel propellants, the resultant evolution during plume afterburning, the locations and trajectories of launches and re-entry, the radiative and chemical kinetic properties of the pollutants, and the physics and chemistry of controlled or uncontrolled re-entry, ablation, and breakup. Meanwhile a lack of openly-available modelling tools is compounded by a scarcity of real-world experiments and observations, and both historical and future impact estimates are hindered by a lack of commercial space activity data or well-supported growth projections. This session invites submissions from all EGU disciplines by representatives in and beyond academia to share planned, current, or ongoing research that provides new knowledge in this area, explores new open-source modelling techniques, or exposes methodological gaps that need to be resolved to inform policies and for a truer determination of the influence of space activity on the atmosphere. We are also interested in innovative methods adopted by researchers focusing on volcanic emissions, geoengineering, and meteors that could be applied to the space sector.