The role of temperature and duration of pyrolysis on the properties of rice husk biochar and its environmental implications

Husks are a common agricultural waste in Indonesia, often discarded or burned, leading to environmental pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, this study proposes an innovative approach to optimize biochar production from rice husks. By determining the optimal pyrolysis temperature and duration, the research aims to produce the highest quality biocharThe pyrolysis temperatures tested were 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C, with durations of 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes, respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the biochar such as pH, element content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and biochar yield, were evaluated. An environmental impact assessment was conducted using the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint H method, integrating life cycle assessment (LCA). The results revealed that a pyrolysis temperature of 550°C for 60 minutes enhanced carbon stability, pH, and nutrient retention. Additionally, the ideal pyrolysis duration significantly improved the biochar’s surface properties. According to the LCA analysis, the biochar produced shows great potential for soil improvement and environmental benefits, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This research provides a new framework for balancing biochar quality with its environmental impact and promotes sustainable agricultural waste management as part of a global effort to combat climate change.