Science-policy-society interface for water security in Central Asia

Water security is essential for sustainable development in transboundary river basins, and increasing water scarcity puts pressure on transboundary cooperation and regional development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. A linear model of science and policy relations and the absence of society in this interface are obstacles to addressing socio-ecological challenges. With a case study of the Central Asian region, this research explores how science-policy-society interactions can be improved to address water security in the transboundary basins. The study synthesizes previous research on water security and aims to identify barriers to science-policy-society interaction.  The scientific literature raises the climate risks and the environmental aspects of water security, highlighting nature-based solutions and the need to account for ecosystem services. Policymakers are developing strategies and programs to ensure water security at the national level, mainly through technocentric policies that prioritize infrastructural solutions. The challenge is not only to bridge the gap between science and policy but also to involve society in this interface, which remains largely unexplored. Building community resilience at the local level is critical, as communities will face the consequences of water and climate inactions. Addressing communication and engagement gaps, improving the capacity of knowledge brokers and knowledge synthesisers, and co-producing water solutions are essential for sustainable and inclusive policies to address water security challenges at different levels. Not only political and socio-economic developments and climate variability in the region but also the interaction between science, policy and society will influence whether the countries of the Aral Sea basin can ensure water security in the region and build resilience or whether countries move towards securitising water resources for national interests.