Unified Framework for Estimating Ballistic Coefficient, Mass Loss, and Bulk Density in Meteor Dataset Analysis

We present a novel approach to reconcile fireball analysis methods by integrating the purely dynamical alpha-beta model with traditional photometric constraints. Utilizing three key trajectory points—beginning, peak brightness, and terminal—and photometric mass, we perform a fit to reconstruct atmospheric flight parameters, including velocity profiles, initial and terminal masses, and meteoroid bulk density. We address this classical inverse problem—identifying the optimal fit to observational data using minimal input—by employing a metaheuristic global optimization algorithm based on Differential Evolution. The analysis assesses compatibility with pre-existing PE classifications and evaluates the method's potential for providing robust estimates. This approach aims to enhance our knowledge of meteoroid properties and support the creation of reliable and adaptable methods for fireball characterization. Such methods will enable the automated classification of meteor events, improving the recovery of fresh meteorites and strengthening our capacity to monitor and address potential hazards posed by near-Earth objects.