Understanding Lentic water Bodies: Multiscale perspective and Socioeconomic Implications

 Lentic Small Water Bodies (LSWBs), including ponds, lakes, and reservoirs, are crucial for ecological balance,
biodiversity, and ecosystem services. However, their seasonal dynamics, nutrient cycling, and the influence
of surrounding land use and landscape patterns are often under-studied. Using integrated machine
learning and remote sensing tools, this study mapped LSWBs across India and analyzed their socioeconomic and environmental impacts in four states. Land use changes, especially urban expansion, caused
LWB degradation nationwide. Socioeconomic factors revealed disparities in development and LWBs across
states, emphasizing the need for tailored regional management strategies. Strategies proposed include
targeted pollution control in urban areas and incentives for sustainable agricultural practices to reduce
detrimental agricultural runoff.
Further, to understand the physio-chemical dynamics of LSWBs, this study examined seasonal patterns,
vertical stratification, and the trophic level index (TLI) in Haridwar district, northern India. Analysis indicated
that nutrient concentrations rose at inlets during the monsoon, and Chl-a levels increased near LSWB
edges, showing significant seasonal variations. Pre-monsoon, vertical stratification of pH, temperature, and
TN was observed but decreased during monsoon mixing. The TLI revealed a shift from oligotrophic (0 to 30)
to hypereutrophic (70 to 100) states, mainly due to agricultural runoff. The TN: TP ratio (< 10) suggests
nitrogen limitation drives algal blooms during monsoons, worsening water quality.
In conclusion, effective management strategies must address nutrient dynamics, stratification, and
eutrophication while considering environmental and socioeconomic factors. Additionally, long-term
monitoring and adaptive management strategies are essential to mitigate ongoing and future challenges.