Preliminary concept for observing the Vernagtferner Glacier with an optimized geodetic sensor network

Glaciers are a dynamic part of the Earth's system. They are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, making them a dynamic and rapidly transforming element of the Earth system. The consequences of these changes extend far beyond the polar and alpine regions, affecting ecosystems and water resources globally. Glaciers are important for water management, acting as natural reservoirs and providing millions of people with fresh water. However, their retreat can disrupt water supplies, increase flood risks, and lead to hazards such as rock moraine instability. These challenges underscore the importance of understanding this part of the ecosystem. Monitoring and measuring glacial environments are essential not only for mitigating risks but also for advancing scientific knowledge. By studying the dynamics of glaciers, scientists can better understand their interactions with the Earth's climate system and predict future changes. Such insights are critical for developing sustainable resource management strategies and enhancing societal resilience.

The Vernagtferner Glacier has been a research area for geodetic sensors for over 150 years, beginning with Sebastian Finsterwalder's photogrammetric observations in the 19^th century. Since then, the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities has expanded this database by installing sensors and level bars on and around the glacier. The current challenge lies in leveraging observational data to develop a glacier model capable of assimilating geodetic observations. This research aims to design an optimized geodetic sensor network that enhances the integration of field observations into glacier modeling. Sensitivity studies evaluate the model’s response to various data inputs, identify observation errors, and refine the network design. Starting with the existing sensor infrastructure, the study explores innovative measurement strategies, including low-cost sensors, to increase spatial and temporal data coverage.

At this stage, a preliminary concept for the sensor network is presented, offering insights into its potential to improve network accuracy and to consider future development. This work should lay the foundation for creating a comprehensive geodetic observation system contributing to glacier monitoring and modeling.