Seismic Detection of Deep-Seated Karst Conduits: Defining Fingerprint Characteristics Using Synthetic Seismic Simulations & Exploring the Impact of Cave Geometry on Resonant Seismic Emissions.

Karst environments pose significant challenges for geophysical exploration due to their considerable lateral and vertical heterogeneity. In Ireland, approximately 16% of public water supply is sourced from groundwater, and karstified limestones are regionally important aquifers. Evidence from drill logs, from mining and from exploration data indicate the presence of karst conduits at depths exceeding 100 metres. Imaging such deep resources has numerous practical applications, including enhancing water supply systems and identifying geothermal energy targets.

Previous near surface studies have shown that high-contrast features, such as water-filled caves, can trap seismic energy and generate durable resonant oscillations. Building on this, this study investigates the seismic detection of deep water-filled caves in limestone karst systems through their frequency characteristics, using synthetic seismic simulations.

We aim to define the unique seismic "resonant fingerprint" of these features within simulated seismic reflection data. Additionally, we analyze how seismic signatures are influenced by cave geometry, and water content. This work aims to advance the understanding of seismic methods for characterizing deep karst systems and their potential for groundwater resource management.