The nitrous oxide budget in China

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a kind of long-lived greenhouse gas. Since the Industrial Revolution, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and climate change. China has been a hot spot for global N2O emissions, with a rapid growth. However, estimates of N2O emissions from China’s ecosystem remain largely uncertain. Therefore, here we provide a multi-method estimates (inventory, process-based model and atmospheric inversion) of terrestrial ecosystem N2O emissions in China. The process-based models were further modified based on observational datasets. Finally, we provide a comprehensive quantification of China's N2O emissions caused by natural and anthropogenic ecosystems from 1980 to 2023.