Global 1-km habitat distribution for endangered species and its spatial changes under future warming scenarios

Implementing biodiversity and climate actions for endangered terrestrial vertebrates is hampered by a lack of high-precision habitat maps. Therefore, we developed a dataset by linking the suitable land-use types and elevation ranges of each endangered terrestrial vertebrate species and mapping these factors onto our recently developed global land use and land cover maps, we generated the distribution of global 1-km habitat suitability ranges  distributions from 2020 to 2100 under varied climate warming scenarios for endangered terrestrial vertebrates (1,754 amphibians, 617 birds, 1,280 mammals, and 1,456 reptiles) and obtained the spatial evolution maps as compared to 2020 baseline. Validation of the 2020 data with actual observation data suggested that the HSR maps for 92% of amphibians, 94% of birds, 95% of mammals, and 91% of reptiles outperformed random distributions within IUCN's expert range maps and that the distribution of observation points closely aligned with species diversity maps. This dataset offers HSR maps for endangered terrestrial vertebrates and their spatial evolution under future warming scenarios, providing a solid basis for biodiversity conservation.