Ocean heat flux and a buoy data map with noise eliminated

The rise in air temperature due to global warming has significantly reduced the extent and thickness of sea ice, a phenomenon with profound implications. Sea ice loss results from complex factors, including changes in heat and momentum fluxes and internal feedbacks within the Arctic air-ocean system. This loss influences atmospheric circulation and mid-latitude weather patterns. Declining sea ice volume increases seasonal variability in ocean-atmosphere heat exchange, emphasizing the need to accurately estimate ocean heat flux at the sea ice base. Ocean heat flux, crucial for sea ice formation and melting, is challenging to measure directly. This study addresses this by using observational data to estimate ocean heat flux through the interplay of conduction (analyzed using Fourier series to reduce noise) and latent heat. The resulting Arctic buoy data map enhances predictions of sea ice dynamics.