Promoting Geodiversity Conservation through Co-Creation Approaches: A Case Study of the Belvedere Glacier of Western Italian Alps

Geodiversity refers to the variety of geological features, including rocks, minerals, fossils, landforms, and soils, that shape our planet. Geosites are tangible examples of geodiversity, often selected for their scientific, educational, or cultural value. However, the lack of proper management of geosites can lead to the degradation of geodiversity, with serious consequences such as the loss of geological heritage, imbalance of ecosystems, weakened climate resilience, etc. Therefore, effective management and proper protection are crucial to ensure the conservation of both geodiversity as well as the local geoheritage, safeguarding these natural resources. However, it is not easy to disseminate updated geoscientific knowledge and thus the importance and conservation of geodiversity and geoheritage. A major challenge for researchers is the limited acceptance of scientific information by the public, many of whom feel disconnected from science and, therefore, from scientific knowledge.

Our study emphasizes participatory research and co-creation to promote inclusivity in science, aiming to enhance societal understanding and appreciation of geosite protection and management. We focus on the Belvedere Glacier, a debris-covered alpine glacier in the Anzasca Valley, located at the base of the east face of Monte Rosa (Western Italian Alps). The Macugnaga area is well known for its winter skiing, and the Belvedere Glacier is significant for its dynamic activity, which has directly impacted the ski runs and indirectly the village of Macugnaga. As a first step, we developed a systematic and robust inventory of Belvedere Glacier using a geosite inventory form designed by our team. To integrate local perspectives, we conduct surveys among ski tourists and the local community, along with interviews with local administrative leaders and tour guides, to assess their awareness of the geological features, landscapes, and natural processes in the area. Using the M-GAM framework, we systematically evaluate the geosite and subsequently design an updated geotrail at the glacier to promote geotourism in the changing environmental condition, highlighting the region’s geology and the need to protect and manage the local geodiversity. So, this study enhances societal recognition of the importance of protecting geodiversity, thereby promoting awareness of the sustainable use of geological resources through geoscience education.