Open Session on Space Weather and Space Climate
This open session provided an in-depth exploration of Space Weather and Space Climate phenomena, focusing on the dynamic processes occurring from the Sun to Earth. Key topics included solar activity, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections, and their interactions with Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. Discussions also highlighted the impacts of these processes on satellite operations, communication systems, power grids, and Earth's climate, emphasising both immediate space weather effects and longer-term space climate influences on technological and natural systems.