This session welcomes all contributions related to data collection, curation and provision from modern seismic network deployment, operation, management and delivery of downstream waveform data products, at local, regional and global level. This includes: (a) best practice for seismic inventory and data management; (b) integration of new data types and communities (for example DAS systems, large-N instrumentation, OBS, GNSS products, environmental monitoring, gravity, infrasound instruments, rotational sensors); (c) development, testing, and comparison of emerging strategies (e.g. machine learning) and software tools for earthquake monitoring, in particular for real-time applications; (d) delivery of technical and scientific seismological and multidisciplinary data products; (e) integration of recorded seismological data in computational workflows and digital twins. The session aims to provide a forum to present and discuss challenges in all aspects of data management from the perspective of network operators as well as users who focus on leading-edge use cases with interdisciplinarity and advanced computing. Contributions about proposed extension of existing formats and services as well as new ones that enable integration of new and exotic data are welcome. Promoted by ORFEUS and Earthscope, this session facilitates seismological data exchange, discovery and usage, and promotes open science through data openness and FAIRification.
ORFEUS (Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology, www.orfeus-eu.org; orfeus.readthedocs.io; forum.orfeus-eu.org) is a non-profit organization that harmonizes the collection, archival, and distribution of seismic waveform (meta)data, services and products based on international standards, and serves a broad community of seismological data users, on behalf of the Euro-Mediterranean seismic networks and monitoring agencies (orfeus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/governance.html). ORFEUS core domains comprise: (i) the European Integrated waveform Data Archive (EIDA; orfeus-eu.org/data/eida), providing access to raw seismic waveform data and basic station metadata; (ii) the European Strong-Motion databases (orfeus-eu.org/data/strong), offering automatically/manually processed waveforms, advanced station/site metadata, and associated products ; and iii) the European Mobile Instrument Pools (orfeus-eu.org/data/mobile), facilitating utilization of seismic instrumentation for temporary deployments. Currently, ORFEUS services distribute waveform data from more than 24,000 stations, including dense temporary experiments (eg., orfeus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/adria_array_main.html), emphasizing FAIR principles, open access, and high quality of datasets. ORFEUS services form a critical component of EPOS (www.epos-eu.org/tcs/seismology) and are seamlessly integrated into the EPOS Data Access Portal (www.ics-c.epos-eu.org). Access to data and products relies on state-of-the-art information and communication technologies, with a strong emphasis on web services (www.orfeus-eu.org/data/eida/webservices; https://esm-db.eu/webservices) for programmatic interaction. ORFEUS promotes the usage of transparent data policies and licenses and acknowledges the indispensable contribution of data providers. ORFEUS aims to enhance the existing services and facilitate access to massive & multidisciplinary datasets through collaborative efforts with global and regional initiatives, such as the FDSN (www.fdsn.org) and EarthScope (www.earthscope.org), as well as support from EC-funded projects (e.g., www.geo-inquire.eu). ORFEUS also implements Community services that include software and travel grants, a lively training/outreach programme of webinars and workshops (www.orfeus-eu.org/other/workshops), and editorial initiatives (e.g., orfeus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/conference_sessions.html; orfeus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/SRL_Focus_Section.html).
How to cite: Cauzzi, C., Clinton, J., Crawford, W., D'Amico, S., Evangelidis, C., Haberland, C., Kiratzi, A., Luzi, L., Kolínský, P., Roumelioti, Z., Schaeffer, J., Sigloch, K., Sleeman, R., and Strollo, A.: ORFEUS-Coordinated Seismological Datasets and Community Services in the Euro-Mediterranean Region and Beyond, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-5521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-5521, 2025.
Over the past decades, seismological data centers within the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN; www.fdsn.org) have worked together to establish and implement standards for waveform data (miniSEED), metadata (StationXML), and web service APIs for data discovery, distribution and quality control. These have been broadly adopted, and today enable the seismological community to seamlessly access data from FDSN data centers across the world. Meanwhile, driven by applications related to environmental monitoring and Machine Learning, users increasingly demand access to massive data volumes and intensive computation, best addressed by using computational resources near to the data. Despite efforts to make an unprecedented amount of data openly and FAIRly available, the existing synchronous services, such as fdsnws-dataselect, are hampering the full use of data by the next generation of scientists. Faced with this challenge, some data centers are starting to design asynchronous data access mechanisms optimized for large volumes and efficient handling in object storage facilities. New use cases that are difficult to realize with the current infrastructure or to describe with current metadata formats include, for example, those involving large volumes generated by Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) as well as dense, multidisciplinary experiments bridging land and sea observations. In spring 2024, supported by the Geo-INQUIRE project, European data centers representing the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA; www.orfeus-eu.org/data/eida) within ORFEUS (www.orfeus-eu.org, a part of the EPOS Seismology TCS), and EarthScope (www.earthscope.org), met to coordinate joint developments to make the next-generation seismological data centers ready to address these challenges. This includes modern cloud-based storage systems, versatile formats for data and metadata, asynchronous data access, on-cloud processing, Quality Assurance (QA) and common Authentication and Authorization Infrastructure (AAI). This presentation will outline the envisioned framework, highlight progress in its various components, and present a roadmap for its realisation, to be coordinated within the FDSN over the coming years. It will also provide an opportunity for stakeholders - such as users, instrument manufacturers, data and service providers - to engage and shape the vision.
How to cite: Quinteros, J., Carter, J., Cauzzi, C., Clinton, J., Danecek, P., Evangelidis, C. P., Evans, P. L., Heinloo, A., Horn, N., Kaestli, P., Massin, F., Mencin, D., Pedersen, H. A., Schaeffer, J., Sharer, G., Sleeman, R., Strollo, A., and Trabant, C.: The Future of Seismological Data Centers: Recent Advances and Vision for the Next-Generation Data Services, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-16855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-16855, 2025.
The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) is a federation of 13 data centres dedicated to securely archiving seismic waveform data and providing seamless access to over 25,000 stations. For the past decade, EIDA’s holdings have been accessed through the WebDC3 interface (https://orfeus-eu.org/webdc3/), which is expected to be replaced with a modernized web interface to address evolving user needs and technological advancements.
The new EIDA web interface introduces significant improvements, including the ability to access data from all 13 federated archives, extending beyond single-centre access to provide comprehensive coverage of the EIDA holdings. Built with JavaScript and the Vue 3.js framework, the interface features a maintainable architecture and modular components for data searching, filtering by parameters such as availability and region, and visualizing additional data metrics through detailed graphs. The actual subset of data selected based on the interactive discovery and selection can be downloaded and includes the three different types of data EIDA currenlty provides via the various federated web services: fdsnws-station (station metadata), fdsnws-dataselect (waveforms), fdsnws-availability and WFCatalog (quality metrics). These features, combined with dynamic table-based filtering, sorting, and advanced visualization, streamline data discovery, selection, and retrieval. The presentation will provide a summary of the current status and offer the opportunity to user to interact with a demo version and provide feedback about new features being developed.
Future development plans for the new web tool include support for Authentication and Authorization Infrastructure (AAI) to enable secure user authentication and access control, enhancing logging and user-specific accessibility. Transparent display of DOI, license, and attribution will improve data traceability and ensure proper citation.
How to cite: Joo, H., Evangelidis, C. P., Evans, P. L., Heinloo, A., Quinteros, J., Schaeffer, J., and Strollo, A.: New interactive tool for seismic data discovery and enhanced data metric access across 13 data centers , EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-10403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-10403, 2025.
Marine seismology data are crucial to studying many local, regional and global scale processes, including subduction, ocean crust accretion, interplate volcanism, deep and shallow hot-spots, mantle circulation and global earth structure, as well as mid-ocean ridge and transform fault seismicity. Marine seismology data are often subtly but significantly different than land data: the dataloggers suffer clock drift (there is no GPS signal at the ocean floor), the sensors are usually not oriented with respect to geographic north, and there are unique noise and signal sources (ocean waves, seafloor currents, ships, whales...). These data should be distributed by Federation of Digital Seismology Networks (FDSN)-standard data centers and they should be packaged/explained so that all seismologists can easily use them. The FDSN Action Group on Marine Seismology Data and Metadata Standards is developing an international standard for these data and metadata, in addition to a list of validated open-source tools for marine-specific processing tools. The Action Group aims to propose these standards at the summer 2025 Lisbon IASPEI meeting. Here, we present the current state of the proposed standards and invite you to use them, comment on them and/or suggest additions to them.
How to cite: Crawford, W. C., Aderhold, K., Ai, Y., Carter, J., Collins, J. A., Corela, C. J., Hemmleb, S., Isse, T., Simon, J. D., and Tsekhmistrenko, M.: The FDSN Action Group on Marine Seismology Data and Metadata Standards, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-19606, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-19606, 2025.
ORFEUS (Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology; https://www.orfeus-eu.org/) promotes the coordinated development of waveform seismology data services in the Euro-Mediterranean region, including the rapid raw strong‐motion (RRSM; https://orfeus-eu.org/rrsm/) and the engineering strong‐motion (ESM; https://esm-db.eu/) databases and associated web interfaces and webservices. The RRSM uses only on-scale, automatically-processed recordings available from the European Integrated Waveform Data Archive (EIDA; https://www.orfeus-eu.org/data/eida/), whereas the ESM data collects both EIDA and off-line data and results are presently published online after expert revision and approval.
As seismic stations density continues to increase and the scope of seismic hazard & risk applications evolves to include magnitude/distance/amplitude/instrumentation ranges beyond traditional ‘strong-motion’ seismology, manually reviewed waveform processing in the ESM needs to be strongly supported and eventually replaced by high-quality automated processing. To this end, we introduced ESMpro, a modular Python-based software designed for the updated processing framework of ESM. The software is currently available in a stand-alone Beta version on GitLab (https://shake.mi.ingv.it/esmpro/) and it is in development stage on the ESM database. An enhanced graphic interface is also in beta testing.
ESMpro automates waveform trimming and filtering, identifies poor-quality data and multiple events, and classifies records into quality categories based on detected features and warnings. This reduces the number of records that require manual revision to a significantly smaller subset. Further, the reproducibility of the dataset means the ESM archive will be ML-ready, allowing the development of emerging strategies for data processing and waveform feature detection based on ML techniques. Additionally, ESMpro has a modular and flexible design that allows integration of different processing schemes. Currently, besides the standard processing adopted in ESM, it also includes the eBasco scheme, specifically tailored to process near-source records featuring fling-step.
Testing conducted on manually processed ESM waveforms demonstrates a strong alignment between automatic and manual data processing, strongly supporting the shift toward fully automated procedures for large-scale data processing that will consolidate RRSM and ESM databases into a single infrastructure in the future.
How to cite: Russo, E., Mascandola, C., Luzi, L., Felicetta, C., Lanzano, G., Clinton, J., and Cauzzi, C. and the SM-SMC Orfeus: Enhanced, High-Quality, Semi-Automated Processing for the Engineering Strong-Motion Database (ESM) and Associated Data Products., EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-10585, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-10585, 2025.
We present our efforts to integrate Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data into the real-time seismic monitoring workflows of the Swiss Seismological Service (SED) and the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies (BedrettoLab). Spanning from regional national monitoring to fluid injection experiments at the BedrettoLab, we show how DAS can be used effectively across many orders of magnitude in temporal, spatial and amplitude resolution. Using temporary DAS deployments across Switzerland, we have incorporated DAS data into SeisComP, the existing monitoring infrastructure, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of seismic analyses. Our workflow involves spatial and temporal decimation, converting native DAS data into strain and velocity timeseries, and preparing it for seamless integration with traditional seismic data using MiniSEED and FDSN StationXML metadata. We will share examples of manual earthquake analyses, demonstrating how DAS data complements traditional seismic datasets for picking, locating, and magnitude estimation. These examples highlight how DAS can enhance event detection and characterization. In real-time, we demonstrate how DAS is combined with traditional seismic data for automated monitoring. The examples also include a case study using a 42-meter borehole section at the BedrettoLab during hydraulic stimulation for the FEAR project: a single-mode loose fibre-optic cable was interrogated and sampled at 80 cm intervals with gauge length of 4 m and 4000 samples per second, enhancing the real-time monitoring of induced microseismicity. In addition, we are investigating the instrumental noise levels in DAS strain-rate data and studying earthquake amplitude decay models to better understand DAS performance in different seismic scenarios across different scales. We discuss the challenges faced during DAS integration, the lessons learned, and future directions, including improving DAS-based workflows for real-time monitoring and exploring its potential for early earthquake warning systems.
How to cite: Massin, F., Edme, P., Clinton, J., Scarabello, L., Tian, L., Rinaldi, A. P., and Meier, M.-A. and the FEAR team: Integrating DAS into Seismic Monitoring Systems: Insights from SED and the BedrettoLab, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-6500, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-6500, 2025.
Since October 2023, the ABYSS ERC project has been continuously recording Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data using instruments interrogating three underwater optical fibres spanning 450 km of the Chilean coast. This large-scale project addresses the classic challenges associated with the use of DAS in seismology, particularly in terms of efficient data processing, management and sharing. It is now well-established that DAS technology generates massive volumes that require new formats for data, and metadata that are different from those used in conventional seismology.
We developed an efficient management of data and metadata, that allow us to easily, create a visualization of the updated seismicity catalog every day and the sharing of events in QuakeML format via a web interface (https://pisco.unice.fr/#/), hosted and maintained at Geoazur.
To deal with a production rate of 660 GB per day and 30,000 virtual sensors, FAIR real-time data sharing of the entire dataset through the Seismological Data Center is not yet feasible. To ensure DAS data accessibility and FAIR data sharing, we distribute specific products, such as continuous time series with reduced spatial resolution compared to the complete DAS dataset, tailored for seismological monitoring.
We have implemented data and metadata management that complies as closely as possible with current FDSN standards. Ground motion velocity data, sampled every 5 kilometers, are computed directly from DAS data directly on the instrument and transmitted in real time via a SeedLink protocol in miniSEED format. For data processing, and data transmission, we rely on an intuitive and versatile python tool called Xdas, which is now used by many collaborators in Europe.
The metadata complies with the FDSN miniSEED 2.6 norm, enabling users to download the data via the dedicated web services. Data and metadata of the ABYSS project are shared within the Epos-France Seismological Data Centre (Epos-France SDC), the French representative in the management structures of the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA).
How to cite: Baillet, M., Chèze, J., Schaeffer, J., Peix, F., Maron, C., Trabattoni, A., van den Ende, M., and Rivet, D.: Management and FAIR sharing of DAS seismological data and metadata through Epos-France Seismological Data Center., EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-16924, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-16924, 2025.
The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Insitute (KNMI) is the national institute responsible for 24/7 operations in seismo-acoustic event detection and dissemination to the public. In early 2025 the KNMI migrated its entire operational chain to AWS cloud infrastructure. The software stack is based on the open-source SeisComP package, implemented using a container-based serverless architecture. Seismic detections are augmented by acoustic event detections using the proprietary Lambda package. The cloud infrastructure manages data acquisition and archival, multiple parallel real-time processing pipelines for event detection, and public webservices that export waveform data, station metadata, and event parameters. The system is based on an event-driven architecture with triggers on automatic event detection and publication to official channels. The infrastructure is designed to be as stateless as possible, featuring a single central archive and database. The health of all running services in containers is automatically monitored and unexpected failures are to the first degree self-recoverable by the infrastructure. All current and future developments leverage continuous integration and deployment through Git repositories that fully describe the required infrastructure as code. The source control system for code, configuration, infrastructure, and deployment records the complete provenance of the operational chain. This approach also facilitates near-instant rollbacks to previous versions and the deployment of separate development, acceptance, and production environments through which changes can be tested before being pushed to operations. We present a detailed overview of the challenges encountered and respective solutions using AWS cloud-native infrastructure and services that were used to realize this design.
How to cite: Koymans, M., Bienkowski, J., van den Hazel, G.-J., Krietemeyer, A., Schneider, S., Trani, L., and Pereira Zanetti, J.: Operational seismo-acoustic event monitoring in the Netherlands using SeisComP on cloud-native infrastructure, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-6154, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-6154, 2025.
Seismological monitoring is vital for both fundamental research and applied geophysics. Even in regions with moderate seismicity, a robust seismic network is crucial for hazard assessment and geoscientific advancements. In Ukraine, this need has intensified due to the ongoing recovery and modernization following the war. Ukraine’s seismic network has historically faced significant challenges, including outdated equipment and minimal upgrades since independence. The war exacerbated these issues, resulting in funding cuts, damaged infrastructure, and a loss of expertise.
The seismic network operated by the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is currently undergoing reconstruction and modernization. Recent international collaborations have facilitated initial steps toward modernizing the network, particularly in the Carpathian region and beyond.
Efforts to reorganize the seismic network in the Carpathian region were supported by the ORFEUS Data Integration Grant under the Geo-INQUIRE Project, with contributions from GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Gaia Code, and Geoazur, which provided instruments and technical support. These initiatives led to the deployment of four new seismic stations at existing, registered sites in September and December 2024, with one additional station planned for early 2025. For the first time, data from the Institute of Geophysics’ seismic network were integrated into the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA), marking a significant milestone in improving data accessibility and collaboration within the European seismological community.
Subbotin Institute of Geophysics is also leading the "Seismic Network Expansion in Ukraine" project, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Michigan State University (MSU), and the EarthScope Consortium. This initiative focuses on deploying new seismic stations and ensuring real-time transmission of high-quality data. Noise surveys were conducted across the Carpathian region, central, and southern Ukraine to identify optimal station sites, considering both natural and anthropogenic noise. As part of this project, the posthole seismic station was installed at the LUBU (Liubeshka) site in December 2024, with additional stations planned, network code UT. Data from these stations are transmitted to the EarthScope Data Management Center.
Beyond network modernization, efforts have also focused on education and capacity building. With support from Section 4.7 (GFZ), an educational seismic network using Raspberry Shake seismometers was established. This initiative engages middle and high school students in hands-on seismological research. Educational materials, including a lectures on seismic instruments and a Jupyter Notebook with Python examples, empower students to analyze real-time seismic data. Many students have developed independent research projects, participating in the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. These activities not only foster scientific curiosity but also highlight the importance of geophysics as a career path.
Institute of Geophysics acknowledges funding support from the Data Integration Grant (ORFEUS, Geo-INQUIRE, Grant Agreement 101058518). Instruments and technical support were provided by GFZ, GIPP-GEOFON, GaiaCode, and Geoazur. T. Amashukeli is supported by the MSCA4Ukraine program. SNEMU project is implemented in partnership with Science and Technology Center of Ukraine, U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA), Michigan State University (USA), and EarthScope Consortium (USA).
How to cite: Amashukeli, T., Farfuliak, L., Malatesta, L., Haniiev, O., Kuplovskyi, B., Petrenko, K., Prokopyshyn, V., and Levon, D.: Current status of seismic network modernization in Ukraine, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-5039, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-5039, 2025.
To better understand the geological and tectonic conditions of Ukraine, it is necessary to improve regional earthquake monitoring by upgrading existing seismic stations and installing new ones. Ukraine's western, southwestern, and southern regions are located within a seismically active belt formed by the collision of the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. This belt spans from the Azores through the Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Caucasus regions, extending to the Hindu Kush. It includes key areas such as the Carpathian Arc, which experiences significant subcrustal seismic activity in the Vrancea zone, and the Crimean-Black Sea segment. These regions are priorities for seismic monitoring due to their activity levels.
A recent effort to improve monitoring infrastructure focused on the Liubeshka (LUBU) station in the Carpathian region, part of the Ukrainian National Seismic Network (network code UT). Previously relying on outdated SM3 sensors from the Soviet era, the station required significant modernization to meet current standards. This upgrade was part of a broader initiative to enhance the national seismic network.
Modernization of the LUBU station included several preparatory steps. Satellite imagery was analyzed to evaluate potential noise sources near the site, and geological and tectonic studies were conducted to confirm its suitability. Reconnaissance activities included noise surveys and Probabilistic Power Spectral Density (PPSD) analysis to measure background noise levels. Additional seismic profiling, using a hammer source, was performed to examine the upper geological layers, which are important for determining the appropriate placement of seismic equipment.
Infrastructure upgrades at the site involved drilling a four-meter-deep borehole, which was cased to house the new seismic sensor. Other improvements included constructing a mount for solar panels to ensure a consistent power supply for the equipment. In December 2024, a Trillium Slim posthole broadband seismometer was installed at the site, replacing the outdated sensors. Data collection systems were configured to transmit information to the main server, and the station was successfully integrated into the EarthScope network, enabling data sharing with international partners.
This upgrade is part of an ongoing effort to modernize and expand Ukraine’s seismic monitoring capabilities. The project focuses on deploying permanent broadband posthole seismic stations to improve spatial coverage and enhance the resolution of seismic data. These improvements are essential for more accurate seismic hazard assessments and for understanding tectonic processes in the region.
The modernization and expansion of Ukraine’s seismic network are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through its Seismic Cooperation Program. The project is facilitated by the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine and includes contributions from the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA), Michigan State University (USA), and the EarthScope Consortium (USA). Collaborative efforts have been key in implementing these advancements and fostering data exchange.
How to cite: Farfuliak, L., Amashukeli, T., Mackey, K., Chiang, A., Burk, D., Aderhold, K., Oleksandr, H., Kuplovskyi, B., Vasyl, P., Petrenko, K., and Levon, D.: Modernization and Integration of the Liubeshka Station (UT) in Ukraine, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-19962, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-19962, 2025.
AdriaArray (AdA) is an ambitious initiative that brings together numerous institutions from across Europe, to investigate the processes responsible for Adriatic Plate deformation and the kinematics of active fault systems in surrounding areas.
Romania’s participation in AdA is significant due to its unique tectonic and geophysical characteristics. The country is located at the intersection of major tectonic structures, including the Vrancea seismic zone (VSZ) at the bend of the Eastern Carpathians. The VSZ is one of Europe’s most active regions for intermediate-depth earthquakes, that can generate two to four large-magnitude events (M > 7) per century, with widespread impacts, making Romania a critical area for seismic hazard research. The deployment of 44 mobile broadband seismic stations across Romania as part of the AdA project has greatly enhanced the ability to monitor and analyze seismic activity. This includes both subcrustal earthquakes in the VSZ and crustal seismicity developed mostly along the Carpathian Orogen.
This large amount of data recorded by mobile AdA stations alongside the permanent stations of the Romanian Seismic Network will enhance our understanding of Romania’s lithospheric structure, mantle dynamics, and regional stress fields. These insights are crucial for refining seismic hazard models and improving the assessment of potential impacts from large intermediate-depth earthquakes, ultimately helping to mitigate their effects on densely populated areas.
This study highlights Romania’s role in AdA initiative, focusing on the comprehensive seismic station coverage achieved, the monitoring and data availability from mobile stations, and the data quality control. These efforts represent a solid foundation for carrying out advanced seismic analyses and offering new interpretations of the tectonic processes and mechanisms of earthquake generation in this highly active region.
How to cite: Borleanu, F., Petrescu, L., Neagoe, C., Kampfová Exnerová, H., Ionescu, C., Lukešová, R., Vecsey, L., Schiffer, C., Diaconescu, M., Silvennoinen, H., Jianu, O., Vuorinen, T., Fojtikova, L., Plomerová, J., Nagel, T., Mihalache, M., Jedlička, P., Ionescu, D., Toanca, M., Kotek, J., Dragomir, A., and Kolínský, P.: Enhancing Romania’s Seismic Monitoring Capabilities: Insights from the Temporary Stations deployed within AdriaArray, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-20431, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-20431, 2025.
The assumption of reference station conditions is an important one, yet is often taken for granted, especially at seismological stations or those presumably lying on rock. Stations are not always installed on true bedrock or in ideal free-field conditions, and rock formations do not always exhibit negligible amplification. In Greece, there have been no studies of site effects conducted systematically for the ensemble of stations, and relatively few ad hoc field surveys so far to characterise them. We investigate stations belonging to the various broadband and accelerometric networks in Greece whose data are publicly available. We focus on stations from Northeastern Greece, in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace, as they can be of particular interest for the study of background seismicity and seismic hazard that has begun in the Kavala-Prinos area in the framework of EU project COREu. We take the following steps: 1. We first compile all publicly available station metadata, seeking information from external sources, i.e., geology, topography, housing, etc. 2. We then analyse geological maps and provide a description of geological unit and geological age and combine this information with available observations by the operators. 3. Finally, we collect waveforms available from the past decade and perform a detailed analysis to estimate the local site response per station. To do this, the dataset first goes through quality control by visually inspecting and meticulously processing the data on a waveform-specific basis, both in the time and frequency domain. Single-station amplification functions are then estimated from the dataset using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique. Since a good reference station should have low and flat amplification without any significant azimuthal variations, we not only assess the features of the mean HVSR per station but also its directional sensitivity, which serves as a means to identify departure from the 1D assumption. We use clustering techniques to group stations with different response characteristics, and finally combine this data-derived characterisation with the previously compiled metadata to evaluate the stations’ overall capacity as reference sites. This work intends to add value and help decrease epistemic uncertainties for future applications within the COREU project in the Kavala-Prinos area that involve seismic monitoring and hazard assessment.
How to cite: Ktenidou, O.-J., Papageorgiou, A., Fragouli, K., Pikoulis, E.-V., Chalaris, F., and Liakopoulos, S.: Investigating reference station conditions in Northeastern Greece , EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-19328, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-19328, 2025.
The University of São Paulo (USP) initiated its international collaborations in seismology during the 1980s by assisting in the installation of the Geoscope very-broadband SPB station in Brazil. This marked the beginning of a sustained effort to establish and operate seismic stations under international partnerships. In 2024, an additional Geoscope station was installed in western Brazil, further enhancing very-broadband seismic coverage across South America.
The Brazilian Seismographic Network (RSBR), established in 2010, now encompasses over 100 permanent broadband stations managed by four universities: USP (BL network), the National Observatory (ON network), the University of Brasília (BR network), and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (NB network). RSBR plays a critical role in monitoring seismicity across Brazil, offering real-time open data (via Seedlink) and on-demand access (via FDSNws). Its impact is evident in the Brazilian seismic catalog, which recorded 820 earthquakes between 1900 and 2010. From 2010 to 2024, this number increased to over 2,800 events. The BL network alone serves more than 70 institutions in real-time and shares terabytes of data with researchers worldwide.
Another noteworthy initiative is the Vale Seismographic Network, a public-private partnership between USP and Vale S.A. This network monitors local seismicity in the mining regions of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (southeastern Brazil) and Carajás (northern Brazil) using 11 broadband stations. Data from these networks is openly available for regional and teleseismic events outside mining zones.
In addition to permanent networks, USP’s Seismology Center deploys temporary stations to address induced seismicity in regions such as Taquaritinga/SP, Sales Oliveira/SP, and Gramado/RS. Following the M 5.7 intraplate earthquake on January 31, 2022, in Guyana, USP partnered with the Guyana Geological Commission to install four stations in Guyana's Deep South.
Managing the extensive database of these networks poses significant challenges. Reliable metadata and synchronized waveform archives are maintained, even for temporary deployments that require frequent equipment updates. USP hosts South America's only FDSN server for waveform and metadata dissemination, ensuring open data access wherever feasible. Arrival times from all USP networks are regularly contributed to the International Seismological Centre (ISC) for inclusion in its revised bulletin.
Despite operational and maintenance challenges, USP remains committed to fostering collaborations with Brazilian and neighboring institutions to promote the sustainable development of permanent, independent, and open seismic networks.
How to cite: Calhau, J., Bianchi, M., Assumpção, M., Collaço, B., Brasilio, E., Galhardo, L., Amaral, C., Barbosa, J. R., Barbosa, C., and Sand, G.: Advancing Seismographic Networks in Brazil: USP’s Collaborations and Contributions, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-14593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-14593, 2025.
Magnitude determination in earthquake early warning (EEW) systems remains a significant challenge. On April 2nd, 2024, a Mw 7.4 earthquake struck the Hualien area in Taiwan. The Central Weather Administration (CWA) EEW system estimated the magnitude at 6.8 just 15 seconds after the earthquake. As a result, no warning alerts were issued for the Taipei metropolitan region, which experienced an intensity level of 5 lower on the CWA’s intensity scale. The lack of warning alerts sparked widespread complaints and discussions, as many residents in affected areas expressed concern over the effectiveness of the current EEW system. This study aims to compare the parameter cumulative absolute absement (CAA) with the currently used parameters, the peak vertical displacement (Pd) and the average period (τc), for quick magnitude estimation in the April 2nd, 2024, earthquake using low-cost sensors. Results indicate that the Pd parameter provides a closer estimate to the final local magnitude reported by the CWA; however, it carries higher uncertainty, which may present challenges for practical applications. In contrast, the CAA parameter delivers more stable estimates with smaller uncertainties. Notably, the northward rupture of this earthquake resulted in significant overestimation when using only northern stations and underestimation when using only southern stations. This underscores the critical importance of proper station distribution for accurate magnitude estimation. This underscores the critical importance of proper station distribution for accurately determining magnitudes of large earthquakes. Interestingly, the τc parameter demonstrates less sensitivity to rupture directionality, suggesting its potential robustness in such scenarios.
How to cite: Wu, Y.-M. and Lin, Y.-H.: Magnitude determination for Earthquake Early Warning using P-Alert low-cost sensors during 2024 Mw7.4 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-2965, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-2965, 2025.
Analysis of ambient seismic noise using interferometric techniques has become a common tool in seismology. Typical applications include the use of seismic noise correlation wavefields for imaging of the subsurface and observing velocity changes over time, e.g. to monitor a volcano or hydrological conditions. All techniques rely on timeseries of noise cross-correlation functions (CCFs) between pairs of stations and/or channels which require computationally expensive processing steps that are most often preceded by downloading huge amounts of raw data. Even though there is not (yet) a single unique processing scheme, most researchers apply a selection of fairly standard procedures and aim for similar outcomes. Hence, many researchers are currently repeating very similar computations over and over again.
We believe that these computational costs and data traffic can be drastically reduced by processing the data and computing the CCFs directly at the data center and providing them as a data product to the community. We also believe that the open availability of community datasets of ambient noise correlation functions will facilitate new research in the field of seismic interferometry as it removes the computational burden of the initial processing. We are currently developing such a data service to be hosted at the GEOFON data center. We envision that researchers can request the computation of CCF data sets for stations and time periods of their interest using a combination of the standard processing methods of their choice. The typical use-case is the computation of a CCF dataset for a temporary networks initiated by the PI of the experiment. The resulting dataset of CCFs will then be available to the community via a webservice. The processing steps and necessary parameters can be selected and tested beforehand using a small subset of stations.
Although still in a very early stage, we are interested in feedback, ideas and suggestions from and exchange with potential users. By providing pre-computed CCFs, we hope, to not only save network and computational resources but also enable researchers from different fields, e.g. environmental research, to benefit from seismological research and data.
How to cite: Sens-Schönfelder, C., Lehr, J., Heinloo, A., and Quinteros, J.: Development of a dataservice for precomputed seismic noise cross-correlations functions, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-12917, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-12917, 2025.
Seismic networks play a crucial role in monitoring earthquakes, understanding Earth's structure, mitigating seismic hazards and enabling rapid response over potentially destructive events. However, the high cost of professional-grade instrumentation has traditionally limited network density, especially in sensitive low-income regions, and the opacity surrounding proprietary solutions has hindered innovation in this field. Furthermore, maintenance of each different-design seismometer in the network is often a restrictive task, requiring costly in-situ visits for software updates or calibration.
To address these challenges, we present the Open Seismometer Network, a robust and low-cost solution that builds upon traditional open-source seismic monitoring tools. Our approach leverages the latest advances in wireless microcontrollers and open-source management solutions, combining them with the novel Open Seismometer design, to effectively deploy new instruments that are significantly more sensitive and flexible than commercial alternatives. The modular approach aims to provide the missing parts that integrate hardware and software to facilitate network deployment and long-term instrument maintenance.
The proposed seismic network stack is built upon fully Free and Open-Source (FOSS) solutions: ESPHome is the efficient firmware that runs low-level acquisition in the Open Seismometer design; WireGuard provides a VPN to securely connect each node; and industry-standard RingServer and SeisComP effectively orchestrate data distribution and processing. A further layer leverages Home Assistant to enable effective remote updates and management, adding the capability to visualize and store contextual sensor modalities to better monitor deployment sites. This creates a streamlined seismic network solution that allows for fully remote management, reconfiguration and updating of the nodes.
A key innovation is our Open Seismometer design, which incorporates advanced period extension techniques to achieve a level of sensitivity comparable to broadband instruments. These techniques enhance the response of standard short-period geophones, effectively extending their capabilities into the lower frequency domain and enabling the detection of local, regional, and teleseismic events.
The Open Seismometer Network brings together traditional seismic software solutions, open-source home sensing infrastructures, and a high-sensitivity low-cost seismometer design to enable highly effective deployments. We believe it has the potential to significantly enhance the density of seismic monitoring in underserved regions, including many low-income countries, and provide valuable data for seismic hazard assessment, early warning systems, and fundamental research due to its open nature. Additionally, the network can complement existing seismic infrastructure, filling spatial gaps and providing supplementary data to achieve a higher level of global seismic monitoring detail.
By making all aspects of seismic networks accessible and modifiable under Free and Open-Source licenses, we aim to foster a global community of collaboration. Researchers and developers are invited to improve the hardware design, refine the software, and develop new applications for the data. This collaborative model accelerates innovation and ensures that new seismic networks remain adaptable to the evolving needs of the seismological community.
How to cite: García-Saura, C. and Méndez-Chazarra, N.: Towards a Fully Open Seismometer Network: Expanding Free and Open-Source Seismic Monitoring Tools through Modular Hardware-Software Integration, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-19983, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-19983, 2025.
Increasingly, scientific advancement is enabled via the joint analysis and interpretation of multidisciplinary datasets which combine different data types from various co-located, independent geophysical sensing elements. Historically, sensors from different disciplines, and their supporting subsystems, have evolved independently. This often led to duplication of infrastructure and integration challenges associated with separate acquisition systems, with different characteristics and capabilities, attempting to share bandwidth-constrained communications links between remote stations and data centers. These factors can significantly increase monitoring station complexity and the associated cost to deploy, operate and maintain them. Recent initiatives, such as the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), the amalgamation of the SAGE and GAGE programs in the United States and the SZ4D implementation plan, aim to combine multidisciplinary geophysical applications into cohesive, streamlined deployments.
Modern seismic dataloggers, such as the Nanometrics Centaur, support integration of a wide range of sensing elements using various interfaces, while maintaining ultra-low power consumption, precise timing, local data storage and reliable real-time data transmission via a full-featured protocol, which can be optimized for different telemetry path constraints. Robust automatic outage recovery ensures maximum data availability at the data center, for all data types, as part of a single, unified acquisition system.
A case study is presented for a multidisciplinary monitoring station that leverages these capabilities to enable reliable and efficient data acquisition. The station design and end-to-end data pipeline, from remote sensing to science doorstep in the data center, are discussed.
How to cite: Uhlmann, S., Laporte, M., Jusko, M., Perlin, M., Easton, D., Somerville, T., and Pelyk, N.: Next Generation Multidisciplinary Geophysical Monitoring Station, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-15305, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-15305, 2025.
Güralp Systems Ltd. have a long history of developing software for users to access and manage their Güralp seismic instrumentation. Discovery is the software platform developed for the Minimus family of seismic digitisers, it incorporates a set of freely available tools to deliver station configuration and State Of Health (SOH) functionality but extends this to provide an interface for a range of other more advanced Güralp software applications.
One such example is Güralp Data Centre (GDC) which offers ‘one click’ tools to configure instruments to stream data to a central (typically cloud based) server for archiving, where it is saved in industry standard ‘miniSEED’ format in configurable folder structures. This application is particularly important for operators dealing with large volumes of seismic waveform data from regional/national networks. Additionally, the data can be transmitted to downstream processors such as Earthworm or SeisComP for more advanced seismic monitoring and data analysis. For simplified network management, an integrated VPN/Tunnel circumvents Network Address Translations (NATs) present in internet modems and ADSL connections, allowing the network manager to remotely update digitizer firmware and upload configuration files to multiple units simultaneously. Long term latency monitoring, network outages and bandwidth usage are captured and displayed in a number of applets that further assist operators of large networks. The GDC dashboard allows network managers to view data integrity over time so that latency performance can be monitored and assessed.
The optional MAGNA module builds on the existing capabilities within the Güralp Data Centre framework to offer a solution for customers seeking to integrate seismic monitoring into their asset management programme. MAGNA supports the response decision process by providing comprehensive guidance after a seismic event by utilising triggered data to produce user-friendly reports, shake maps and email / SMS text alerts. To leverage the maximum value from the system, existing site-specific fragility data for each of the sites on the network can be applied so that a rapid assessment of the likely damage to each facility can be made following an earthquake. The severity levels and recipient details can be modified by permitted users to meet the needs of the business.
As a cloud-based system, users do not need to download and maintain the software on their computer systems, simplifying hardware and networking requirements. Access to specific applications is set on a per user basis. Desktop as a Service (“DaaS”) technology allows the connection to be made via a web browser, yet offers desktop versatility on cloud hosted systems maintained and resourced by Güralp.
How to cite: Price, E., Watkiss, N., Hill, P., Lindsey, J., Restelli, F., Mohr, S., Calver, J., and Kerkenyakova, A.: Güralp Software Solutions for Seismic Network Operations and Strong Motion Monitoring , EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-17406, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-17406, 2025.
