Aerosol impacts on summer precipitation forecast over the North China Plain by using Thompson aerosol aware scheme in WRF: Process analysis and response sensitivity to aerosol concentrations during a Heavy Rainfall Event in Beijing

Aerosol particles mainly come from polluted particles, dust, sea salt and biomass combustion. Aerosols can affect the global climate and regional meteorology in two ways. Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) refer to aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) participating in cloud microphysical processes. Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions (ACIs) are possibly important factors affecting precipitation while are usually not considered in numerical weather prediction systems (NWP) due to the complexities and uncertainties involved by considering aerosol information. This research focused on the use of the Thompson aerosol-aware scheme in WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model). This paper summarized the process analysis and response sensitivity to aerosol concentrations during a heavy rainfall event in Beijing. The July 16, 2018 rainfall event -a typical precipitation case involving both warm and cold-phase clouds was thoroughly analyzed, including cloud fraction, downward shortwave radiation, water vapor consumption, cloud microphysical processes, net latent heat etc., which veriffed that the aerosol-cloud interaction paths were accurately and adequately considered in Thompson aerosol-ware scheme. By tracking key parameter changes, it is conffrmed that the CCN/IN activation and relative roles in changing precipitation at different stages are reasonable in Thompson aerosol-aerosol scheme. According to the rainfall characteristics, the precipitation was divided into two phases. And the difference in the aerosol effect on precipitation in the two precipitation phases is mainly due to the complexity of cold rain process and hypothesis. Sensitivity simulations also revealed that the current concentrations of background aerosol in Beijing are actually high enough and further ten-times of aerosol concentration increase didn't bring signiffcant additional precipitation response.