This session invites presentations on various aspects of scientific and operational collaboration related to weather and climate modelling, including atmosphere, land and ocean components. The session will be split into two sub-sessions which will focus on the following topics:

- Challenges in developing high-resolution mesoscale models with a focus on end-users and the EUMETNET forecasting programme. This involves cooperative operational systems as well as developments of different parts of the operational modeling chain, from nowcasting to forecasting, deterministic and probabilistic, and post-processing. Observation impact studies to assess the importance of different parts of the observing system for global and limited area NWP models are also welcome.

- Numerics and physics-dynamics coupling in weather and climate models. This involves the development, testing and application of novel numerical discretization techniques and sub-grid models, variable-resolution modelling, as well as performance aspects on current and emerging computing architectures.

Additionally, we welcome contributions to hybrid approaches that extend physical models with data-driven machine learning (ML) techniques. Specifically (but not exclusively), we are interested in how ML techniques can be used to identify and address deficiencies in physical models.