Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) is a research infrastructure with the objective of collecting sustained ocean observations. Since 2006, IMOS has been routinely operating a wide range of observing equipment throughout coastal and open oceans, making all of its data accessible to the marine and climate science community, other stakeholders and users, and international collaborators. Observations collected by IMOS are made freely available via the Australian Ocean Data Network. These data holdings include long time-series of essential ocean variables including physical, biological, biochemical and atmospheric variables. IMOS data are used in a range of applications including coastal, ocean, weather, and climate modelling which are crucial to understanding patterns and trends. Ocean observations and model outputs play a critical role in supporting decision-making in a wide range of fields, including fishing, aquaculture, shipping, oil and gas, offshore energy, maritime safety, defence and resource management. Long-term, sustained ocean observations also support our understanding of how climate change is affecting critical ecosystems and species. Therefore, there is an integral link between ocean observing infrastructure, research, and effective decision-making to improve ocean management and sustainable use. This presentation will highlight the applicability of IMOS infrastructure and opportunities to employ ocean observations for the broadest possible use. Understanding the state and trends of our oceans is critical to defining and measuring change in our ecosystems now and into the future.

How to cite: Heupel, M.: Applying ocean observing infrastructure for science and management, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-13, 2025.

Monitoring oceanographic parameters in bays and estuaries is crucial for sustainable development of coastal communities. The Gulf of Nicoya is the largest estuarine system in Costa Rica and plays a fundamental role in the economy of the country. In this study, we collected water level and current velocity data from ADCP recorders and estimated water density from CTD data. Using harmonic and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analyses, we examined the dominant circulation patterns in the gulf. Our results indicate that tidal forcing governs both instantaneous and residual circulation in shallower regions and density gradients have more influence in deeper and inner areas of the gulf. These findings enhance our ability to understand hydrodynamics and their potential effects on human activities in the Gulf of Nicoya. 

How to cite: Tisseaux-Navarro, A., Vargas-Hernández, M., Cambronero-Solano, S., and Salazar-Ceciliano, J.: Tidal and residual currents in a tropical estuary: Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-217, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-217, 2025.

We present recent technological and scientific advances of U.N. Ocean Decade project #171 “EarthScope-Oceans: 300 MERMAIDS”. This unique platform of deep profiling floats carrying hydrophones to 1000-4000 m depth was originally developed to observe seismic signals (earthquakes) where land stations are missing – and has since expanded into the realms of ocean acoustics, oceanography, and marine environmental sciences. Our long-term objective is to achieve global coverage of the world oceans with a fleet of hundreds to thousands of MERMAIDS. The detection and monitoring of oceanic earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and their impacts on the marine environment, on marine ecosystems and on society could thus be brought to a standard comparable to on-land observations, whereas presently these events are often not even detected. Around 100 MERMAIDS have been deployed so far, and many have been operating continuously for over six years in the remote South Pacific. Recent successes include the network-wide recording of the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption, the successful relocation of earthquakes in the remote Tonga subduction zone, and the successful modelling of MERMAID waveform recordings. The floats are becoming more modular and versatile through ongoing work on software and hardware capabilities.  Its MeLa software allows the MERMAIDS to be adapted for recording bathymetry, ocean chemistry, and magnetic field variations, for example. Scientific applications in progress concern the year-round location and tracking of marine mammals and of ship traffic, the quantification of rain and wind on the ocean surface and the joint acoustic and biogeochemical characterization of submarine volcanoes. https://oceandecade.org/actions/earthscope-oceans-300-mermaids

How to cite: Sigloch, K., Simons, F. J., Bonnieux, S., Simon, J. D., Hello, Y., Namjesnik, D., Garth, T., Lavayssière, A., Nolet, G., and Philippe, O.: EarthScope-Oceans: A hydroacoustic and seismic monitoring network for the deep ocean environment, above and below the seafloor, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-378, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-378, 2025.

The EU-funded POLARIN project serves as a pivotal initiative in the realm of polar research, focusing on establishing a coordinated infrastructure framework to bolster the collection, sharing, and analysis of critical polar data to address the scientific challenges of the polar regions. By streamlining and fostering the service provision, data management and integration of research infrastructure, POLARIN aims to enhance monitoring and comprehensive modeling, contributing significantly to global climate studies and policy-making. 
POLARIN integrates a diverse range of polar assets, including research vessels, research stations, observatories, ice and sediment core repositories, and data infrastructures, to maximize their use across international research efforts. By facilitating access to polar infrastructures and coordinating, harmonising, and optimising the implementation and integration of data services, POLARIN ensures that polar research infrastructure is optimised for long-term, international and multidisciplinary studies.
POLARIN represents a crucial European effort to build a more integrated, accessible, and resilient polar infrastructure. This talk will highlight the role of this initiative in enhancing international collaboration, sharing resources, and promoting the sustainable use of polar marine infrastructure in the face of growing global interest in the polar regions.

How to cite: Willmott Puig, V. and Biebow, N.: POLARIN: A Polar Research Infrastructure Network for Global Ocean Sustainability, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-466, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-466, 2025.

Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) is an essential climate variable that requires long term in situ observation. In this objective, the French SSS Observation Service (SSS-OS) manages a network of ships of opportunity equipped with thermosalinographs (TSG). The network is global though more concentrated in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific ocean, where it was initiated more than 50 years ago. The acquisition system is autonomous with real time transmission and is regularly serviced at harbor calls. There are distinct real time, near real time and delayed time processing chains. Real time processing includes automatic alerts in case data are outside of climatic limits, to detect potential instrument problems, and produces graphical monitoring tools. Delayed time processing relies on a dedicated software to attribute data quality flags by visual inspection, and correct TSG time series by comparison with daily water samples. The near real time processing relies on automatic algorithms to attribute preliminary quality flags and corrections based on comparison with climatological data and colocated Argo data, respectively. The SSS-OS (near) real time data feed the Coriolis operational oceanography database, while the research-quality delayed time data can be extracted for selected time and geographical ranges through a user-friendly web interface. Delayed time data are also combined with other SSS data sources to produce gridded files for the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Research conducted with these data includes studies where in situ SSS is used for calibration/validation of models, coral proxies or satellite data, as well as observation-based process-oriented and climate studies from regional to global scale. 

How to cite: Alory, G. and the SSS-OS: The French Sea Surface Salinity Observation Service :  Global Observations from Ships of Opportunity, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-522, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-522, 2025.

PIRATA (Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 to improve our knowledge and understanding of ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Atlantic, a region that strongly influences in a wide range of timescales the hydro-climates and, consequently, the economies and everyday life of the regions bordering the Atlantic Ocean. PIRATA is motivated both by fundamental scientific questions and societal needs for improved prediction of weather and climate variability and their changes and impacts. To address these challenges, PIRATA network has evolved naturally over time to reach now an array of 18 moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real-time, disseminated via Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and Global Data Servers. Additionally, 3 subsurface ADCP moorings deployed along the equator complete this network for observing the coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics.

With more than 25 years old, PIRATA provides invaluable data time series for scientific research, monitoring and operational forecasts and analyses. Sustained measurements over more than 2-decades in the tropical Atlantic are extremely important for observing ocean - atmosphere variability on interannual to multidecadal timescales and changes in response to global warming.

PIRATA is now recognized as the base and backbone of the Tropical Atlantic observing system dedicated to both research and forecast.

Through yearly mooring servicing, data and sensors are calibrated and recorded high-frequency data are collected. The dedicated cruises of yearly maintenance of the PIRATA network allow complementary measurements of a large set of physical, biogeochemical and biological data along repeated ship track lines that offer reference high quality monitoring for climate changes and impacts. These cruises also provide support for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System (Argo, DBCP …), and allow opportunistic regular surveys of Sargassum extension or plastic concentration.

Recently, following the recommendations for the future Tropical Atlantic Observing System, the sampling carried out during PIRATA cruises have been extended to include new biogeochemical parameters to a better understanding of the processes that drive ocean biogeochemical cycles, to monitor the variability of the oxygen minimum zone, the ocean carbon uptake mechanisms, or to examine the impacts of climate change on ocean acidification in this region. In the meantime, additional sensors of physical parameters (temperature, salinity and currents) have been deployed to study the variability of the diurnal cycle of ocean stratification and vertical shear at high vertical resolution in relation to equatorial dynamics.

How to cite: Llido, J. and the PIRATA-Team: PIRATA: a sustained observing system for Tropical Atlantic research and weather to climate predictions, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-533, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-533, 2025.

The French Ocean Observing System (Fr-OOS) was established in 2023 to provide a high-level coordination for long-term ocean observation in France. Fr-OOS gathers the main French institutions involved in systematic ocean observing activities. It is based on a light governance structure with a governing Board (GB) assisted by an Executive Secretariat and the marine observation networks entering the scope of the Fr-OOS.  The GB brings together the directors of the marine institutions part of Fr-OOS and representatives of the relevant ministries (research, environment and sea).

The Fr-OOS objectives are to strengthen long-term ocean observation at global, regional and coastal scales for research, climate and weather, sustainable ocean management and operational oceanography and harmonize activities related to long-term ocean observation.  Fr-OOS organizes the interfaces between the national marine observation research infrastructures Argo-France, EMSO-France (deep sea observation), ILICO (coastal), a future open sea infrastructure (OHIS), observation networks not organized as research infrastructures (e.g. met ocean, monitoring, fishery).  Transverse activities include interfaces with the Research Vessel fleet infrastructure, interfaces with data centers, satellite observations and ocean, weather and climate modeling centers.   Fr-OOS liaises with European (EOOS) and international (GOOS) ocean observing coordination activities.  

A status of French ocean observing activities will be given including the way they contribute to the value chain that goes from observation, modelling to applications and societal needs.   The Fr-OOS strategy for the next 5 years will be outlined.   The presentation will also highlight how the French activities contribute to broader European and international efforts to develop a fit for purpose and sustained ocean observing system.   

How to cite: Cariou, V., Le Traon, P.-Y., D'ortenzio, F., Cocquempot, L., and Mole, A. and the The executive steering committee of the French Ocean Observing System: Fr-OOS: Strengthening and Coordinating French Ocean Observing Efforts for Global Impact, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-614, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-614, 2025.

The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO) is a distributed pan-European Research Infrastructure, structured as an organisation with an autonomous governance based on the European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) legislation as defined by the European Commission. It is composed of 8 Member States (Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, Norway, Greece, and Romania) with the goal to explore, monitor and improve the understanding of the deep ocean variability and the ocean-climate nexus. EMSO ERIC currently comprises ten Regional Facilities (RFs) and three shallow water test sites, strategically located all the way from the southern entrance of the Arctic Ocean across to the North Atlantic through the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.

EMSO elaborates a common strategic framework, with diverse and numerous Research Institutes and Centres operating observing facilities in the deep sea and seafloor of key sites in European seas, to promote and drive advances in marine science and technology while enabling access to its services, facilities and technology platforms. Its uniqueness stands in the observed zone of the deep ocean: the bottom layer and the water column, in fixed regional zones and on long terms. It provides harmonised data and access to the facilities. 

For that purpose, it supports services for the harmonisation process and data flow (EMSO ERDDAP), and it elaborates training capacities (EMSO Academy). This abstract stands for a general introduction to EMSO ERIC and other proposed abstracts focusing on some of its specific capacities.

How to cite: Puillat, I., Beranzoli, L., Berry, A., Bozzano, R., Cardin, V., Delory, E., Del Rio, J., Embriaco, D., Fer, I., Lanteri, N., Lefèvre, D., Petihakis, G., Radulescu, V., Sarradin, P.-M., and Sousa, C.: EMSO ERIC a pan European Marine Research Infrastructure to take the pulse of the Deep Ocean, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-743, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-743, 2025.

Coastal ecosystems play essential ecological, social, and economic roles at the land-ocean interface and are highly sensitive to environmental changes, whether natural or human-induced. Monitoring these regions is crucial for developing sustainable, ecosystem-based environmental policies (UNESCO-IOC). Brazil, with approximately 8,000 kilometers of tropical and subtropical coastline, hosts diverse coastal and marine ecosystems. However, these areas face significant pressures, including climate change, urban expansion, intensive agriculture, and deforestation. Despite their importance, Brazil, like many coastal regions, lacks extensive, long-term in situ data to assess how these pressures impact biogeochemical quality. Ocean color remote sensing helps fill this data gap by continuously providing key biogeochemical variables—such as phytoplankton biomass, particulate and dissolved matter, and associated organic carbon stocks—for over 25 years. This study demonstrates how optimized ocean color data can offer a comprehensive view of coastal ecosystems' responses to human pressures on both land and ocean. Specifically, MODIS ocean color time series have been analyzed to identify trends in the biogeochemical properties of Brazilian coastal and shelf waters, including estuaries, bays, and major lagoons, over the past two decades (COCOBRAZ ANR FAPESP project). This work illustrates how ocean color data can be a major source of information for supporting the preservation and management of coastal ecosystems.

How to cite: Vantrepotte, V., Kampel, M., Salah Salah, I., Dos Santos, J. F., Tran Duy, M., Jorge, D., and Loisel, H.: Contribution of Ocean Color Remote Sensing for Monitoring the Response of Coastal Ecosystems to Anthropogenic Impacts: A Case Study on Brazilian Waters, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-760, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-760, 2025.

Understanding the dynamics of the ocean and marine ecosystems, and its role in climate and the carbon cycle in particular, are major areas of scientific research worldwide and largely guide the design and operation of ocean observation systems (OOS). Processes need in fact to be better understood, and the spatial variability of phenomena better quantified, so that fluxes, budgets and trends can be correctly calculated. With the Essential Ocean Variables (EOV) concept and its observational programmes, the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has achieved an operational organisation and can now begin to properly address some of these issues. However, there are still many gaps and many marine research infrastructures (MRI) are now committed to contributing further to its implementation and improvement.

Sensing technology has developed in recent years, and the containerization of sensors, their miniaturisation have enabled them to be integrated on a growing number of platforms: ships, moorings, profiling floats and autonomous vehicles. These technological advances mean that parameters can now be acquired over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, leading to better and better implementation plans for EOVs, but also posing major organisational and efficiency challenges for data management, from the very moment they are planned right through to their many final uses. 

AMRIT, a Horizon Europe project which started in 2024, brings together the main European ocean observation MRIs and the key national organisations that operate these MRIs, as well as Copernicus Marine and Climate services, to homogenise the metadata from the sensors to the end users, and to provide integrated and open services to improve the overall data value chain. This will enhance the quality of products such as climate atlases, particularly for the key EOVs, and ensure that they meet the needs of all users. AMRIT will develop and provide its federated services within the framework of the European OOS (EOOS), currently under development.

How to cite: Mortier, L., Ponçon, Y., and Flack, C. and the The AMRIT Consortium: Advance Marine Research Infrastructure Together, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-767, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-767, 2025.

Ocean deoxygenation has been recognized among the most critical pathways through which global climate change is detrimental to marine resources. Anthropogenic climate change has increased the temperature of the ocean, which decreases its capacity to hold oxygen. Additionally, climate-driven changes in upwelling patterns on the Northen California Current System increase the intensity and duration of hypoxia (low oxygen events). This trend overlays persistent eutrophication concerns in estuaries and coastal systems.

Hypoxia can have significant impacts on economically and culturally important fisheries in the region as well. Dungeness Crab is the most valuable fishery in the NCCS and is among the most severely impacted. In addition to morality, hypoxia causes physiological stress to organisms which can alter ecological interactions and predator prey dynamics. Additionally, fisheries management techniques don’t currently account for hypoxia driving species distributions.

Adding to the challenge of the worsening hypoxia under climate change is its high spatial and temporal variability. Researchers have a limited ability to monitor with high resolution in both space and time. My research aims to better quantify the impacts of hypoxia on Dungeness crab catch and investigate spatial and temporal variability off the Oregon Coast and Puget Sound through collaborative research using novel sensor technology.

The project developed a low-cost rugged DO and Temperature sensor designed to be deployed in commercial fishing gear in partnership with commercial fishers, natural resource agencies and tribal partners. This structure leverages the time on the water for fishers and existing infrastructure in the water (crab pots). The sensor measures DO and temperature in bottom water at 15-minute intervals for up to three months. When sensors are brought to the surface of the water, data is downloaded onto a Deck Data hub located on the fishing vessel and is then exported to the cloud for remote access and real-time reporting. This high frequency data collection and real time access is critical for ensuring climate adaptation benefits as it allows fishers and managers to respond to real time conditions. Additionally, hypoxia can be difficult to monitor and predict due to its spotty and intermittent nature. The low cost and community science-based design makes deploying more sensors for higher spatial coverage possible. This enables improved detection of hypoxia events.

For the past 4 years, we have partnered with a network of fishermen on the Oregon Coast, and with agencies and tribes in Puget Sound, a semi enclosed estuary in the NCCS. We have found persistent refuges and hotspots of hypoxia with significant differences (up to 2mg/L) in dissolved oxygen between sites less than 20km apart. We have enabled the detection of hypoxia events in important fishing grounds on the Oregon Coast and the capacity for real time adaptation. Ultimately, real-time monitoring of climate stressors and resulting marine resource impacts, will improve our ability to adapt to the climate crisis.

How to cite: Hudson, H., Chan, F., Stoltz, L., Rabins, L., and Bosley, K.: Expanding Hypoxia Monitoring in the Ocean through Community Science , One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-901, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-901, 2025.

Marine Stations advance our understanding of the physical, biogeochemical, ecological, social, and economic interactions that constitute coastal places. Open Science now has sophisticated cyberinfrastructure, and progress is being made toward a Digital Twin Ocean, yet many local communities still feel disconnected from scientific information and its benefits. Scientific metadata describing samples/data from marine stations - as well as the legal and social metadata that are vital for their fair (re)use - are too often stripped or lost as value is added in downstream applications. A self-publishing platform (iPlaces) is proposed to address this “contextual collapse.” Taking advantage of the project application procedures that many stations already have, marine stations can use the iPlaces platform to publish project descriptions and related documentation in their station-branded journal. Using the familiar peer review process, station directors act as editors in a collaborative ecosystem that leverages open scientific data services (exploiting FAIR data principles) while empowering local and Indigenous communities to enter a dialogue with research teams (operationalizing CARE data principles). Benefits flow up and down value chains as: (1) place-based metadata are systematically layered onto research projects, (2) global open science infrastructure automatically applies this metadata to downstream research outputs, and (3) iPlaces “data trust” services link these outputs back to the station and its local community. With the link between the place and the downstream data, the contributions of worldwide marine stations are more visible, ethical, locally connected, and globally networked.

How to cite: Robinson, E. and Davies, N.: iPlaces: Operationalizing FAIR and CARE Data Principles in coastal communities worldwide, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-939, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-939, 2025.

Marine environments play a critical role in regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, particularly CO₂, CH₄, and NO_x, which influence global climate processes. This is becoming more apparent where some ecosystems are now being shown to be net carbon sources rather than previously thought sinks. However, studying these fluxes in situ is challenging due to the dynamic nature of marine systems. Mesocosm experiments provide a controlled, and when large enough, realistic approach to isolate and investigate the effects of climate change variables on marine gas fluxes, enabling precise assessments and bridging the gap between laboratory and field studies.

Highly precise and controllable 5m deep replicated (n = 12) mesocosm experimental facilities at Umeå Marine Sciences Centre in Sweden help determine GHG uptake and fluxes in coastal and open-ocean systems whilst also focusing on individual or combined impacts of key climate change drivers – including temperature rise, acidification, freshening, nutrient input and critical for gas exchange, ice cover. Gas exchange rates can be measured over multiple months using high-resolution gas analysers and custom-built mesocosms to mimic natural light and nutrient gradients in a variety of settings from full saline to freshwater conditions. Comparative analyses can be made between control and climate-altered scenarios to isolate specific drivers of gas flux changes.

The use of mesocosms proves essential in dissecting the complex responses of marine GHG fluxes to climate drivers, providing insights difficult to attain only from field-only studies. This research approach reinforces the value of mesocosm facilities in forecasting climate-related changes in marine gas balances and offers a methodological blueprint for future marine climate studies.

Keywords:

Mesocosm, climate gas flux, greenhouse gases, climate change, CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, ecosystem response

How to cite: Kolzenburg, R., Bergman, R., Molin, M., and Kamenos, N. A.: Evaluating Climate Gas Balances in Marine Environments Using Mesocosm Experimental Facilities, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-949, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-949, 2025.

EMSO ERIC is a unique European distributed marine Research Infrastructure dedicated to the observation and study of the deep ocean in the long term in fixed regional areas. It provides different services of which access to its infrastructure by external users -engineers, scientists and researchers-, working both in the public and private sectors. The aim of this service, called physical access, is to facilitate access to instrumented platforms deployed at different sites across the European seas, from the seabed to the surface, in order to perform experiments in geosciences and engineering in real ocean conditions. Depending on the logistics and availability of each site, users may deploy their own platforms, instruments, systems or technologies to be tested by the existing equipment that, in this case, can provide reference measurements. Users may also deploy their own systems on the existing EMSO platforms, either in standalone mode or connected to them, receiving power and, in some cases, being able to transmit data by satellite or by cable, depending on the site. Projects requiring the use of several EMSO sites are also accepted. The host EMSO Regional Facility provides logistics and technical support in order to deploy and recover the systems, access the data and it may also offer training and co-development. EMSO ERIC launches the physical access call on a yearly basis and evaluates the received project proposals every two months. Access is free of charge and funding is available for travel, consumables, shipping, operations and hardware adaptations needed to run the project. Since 2022, when the first call was launched, ten projects with varied topics have been funded and are in different phases of execution.

How to cite: Cusi, S., Martins, A., Tomasi, B., and Puillat, I.: Access opportunities to a unique long term deep sea infrastructure, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1046, 2025.

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, carbon storage, and nutrient cycles, making it indispensable to both environmental health and human well-being. As anthropogenic pressures on marine systems increase, there is an urgent need for high-resolution, dynamic data to monitor and better understand the biogeochemical processes that drive ocean productivity and climate feedback.

Newly developed, four-dimensional (4D) Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) data products (4D-BGC), enabled by high-resolution observations from the international BGC-Argo program, offer exciting opportunities for ocean research and decision-making. These products—which are produced via methods such as objective interpolation and machine learning and are gridded across latitude, longitude, depth, and time—capture essential ocean biogeochemical dynamics such as carbon cycling, oxygen distribution, and ecosystem metrics with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. By enhancing BGC-Argo data accessibility and continuity, they provide a robust foundation for a better understanding and tracking changes in the ocean over time and space.

For policymakers and stakeholders, 4D-BGC products can serve as valuable references on the biogeochemical state of the ocean, which is crucial for evaluating its evolution. Delivered at regular time intervals, these products provide essential, up-to-date data to guide ocean management decisions on high-impact techniques, such as marine carbon dioxide removal, and offer additional constraints on the shifting distributions of commercially important marine species. Additionally, by potentially improving the accuracy of biogeochemical models, these products could play a crucial role in the development of digital ocean twins, enabling scenario-based projections of environmental changes and potential strategies for mitigation.

The 4D-BGC SCOR Working Group #168 aims to facilitate discussion and coordination among diverse scientific communities for the development, validation, and distribution of 4D-BGC products from the BGC-Argo dataset. The group is dedicated to fostering capacity-building initiatives to ensure long-term engagement and expertise in using these data products. By coordinating among developers of high-quality 4D-BGC products and enhancing their accessibility, the working group helps bridge the gap between science and policy, equipping society with the necessary resources for better ocean management.

How to cite: Sauzède, R. and Sharp, J.: 4D Biogeochemical-Argo Data Products: New Tools for Informed Ocean Policy, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1052, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1052, 2025.

LandSeaLot is a EU-funded project that will run 2024-2027. The main objective is to make big steps in closing observation gaps in the land-sea interface, with a specific focus on river delta's flowing into the seas. LandSeaLot links in situ, model and earth observations (EO) together and connects related communities, citizens and initiatives such  as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet, and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. All engage in a gap analysis used to co-design a joint and common land-sea interface observation strategy and its implementation plan. LandSeaLot experts simultaneously work on improving: l) in situ and EO capabilities, 2) models to reduce the model/observations gap and 3) the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity is increased mainly through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost sensors, and bringing this into actual practice by citizens, facilitated by the TransEurope  Marinas network  and other  potential citizen science groups. The sensors identified are piloted in regional so-called LandSeaLot Integration Labs (LILs), together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observations techniques and model outputs. LILs cover strategically selected areas with a range of catchment, tidaI and meteorological regimes. LandSeaLot experts and citizen science initiative leaders will work in the LILs together with Jerico-RI, Danubius-RI and ICOS-RI and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide information to manage societal challenges. These include assessment of the lateral carbon fluxes and stocks, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation. Data generated in the LILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will  be developed.  Relevant communities are engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high- tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy. Visit https://landsealot.eu/

How to cite: Gorringe, P. and Breviere, E.: LandSeaLot: let's observe together!, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1082, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1082, 2025.

Climate change has its toll on every ecosystem of the world. Ocean basins exhibit substantial changes in their temperature, salinity, acidity and nutrient levels influencing the health and safety of human life. Every day, millions of ocean data are being recorded worldwide by the water sports sector. Those data could make a massive contribution to the scientific understanding of ocean science and in particular of extreme weather predictions. To integrate this vast amount of data into scientific research, the German Ocean Foundation has launched the world's largest citizen science initiative in collaboration with partners from the water sports sector such as Scuba Schools International. Its aim is to encourage water sports enthusiasts to collect ocean data in a simple but high-quality and comprehensive form that would be automatically made available to the scientific community via the marine data portal of the European Union, the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet). Starting out in dive regions, this initiative aims to channel diverse efforts and bring together an increasing number of stakeholders to promote ocean science. By building bridges between the scientific community and general public, we not only support scientific knowledge, but also significantly promote ocean literacy, marine citizenship and ocean protection through a sense of ownership.

This project complements A Liquid Future’s “Surfer Scientists” initiative that facilitates monitoring and mapping efforts in South American and Asian regions through surfing communities.

How to cite: Schweikert, F., Larkin, K., Gorringe, P., and Waetzig, G.: Ocean Citizen Science – Crosscutting the chasm between society and science, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1112, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1112, 2025.

We present a machine learning approach that delivers 7-day operational forecasts of ocean surface currents. Our neural network is trained exclusively on real satellite data and in-situ observations, eliminating the need for regional numerical models or observation system simulation experiments to learn ocean dynamics. We validate the model’s performance with in-situ data from drifters and demonstrate improved accuracy compared to commonly-used forecasting methods. Moreover, we validate our method using ADCP instruments on board ships, including data which will be collected on board the Statsraad Lehmkuhl during the ESA Advanced Ocean Training Course 2025. 

Providing accurate nowcasts and forecasts of ocean surface currents in real time is challenging due to the indirect and often incomplete nature of satellite remote sensing data. Our model is a multi-stage, multi-arm network specifically designed for high-resolution forecasts of ocean surface currents from various sparse or noisy data sources. Signatures of ocean surface currents are visible in high-resolution images of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll, and we thus use previous days of SST and chlorophyll as inputs to our model. Satellite altimetry from sparse Nadir altimeters and, more recently, from the dense, high-resolution SWOT altimeter also provide partial measures of ocean surface currents. We use past days of satellite altimetry as inputs to our model and future days of satellite altimetry as targets to train our model. 

The architecture is a multi-arm encoder-decoder neural network, trained in three stages. In the first stage, we learn to predict sea surface height and geostrophic ocean surface currents from decades of sparse Nadir altimetry data. In a second stage, we improve these predictions by training the model on one year of high-resolution satellite altimetry from the recent SWOT satellite, facilitating the accurate prediction of small-scale eddies and other features that are often missed by Nadir altimeters. Finally, in a third stage, we finetune our model using decades of sparse observations from drifters, which directly measure ocean surface currents. A positional encoding module enables the model to integrate temporal and geographic information.

Our model has shown improved nowcasting and forecasting accuracy compared to other leading methods, particularly in regions with high kinetic energy and rapidly changing sea states. High-resolution prediction of ocean surface currents has many potential applications, including optimising ship routes, modelling climate dynamics and tracking of pollutants. Furthermore, using our ocean current model in combination with sea state observations provided by wind and wave sensors on board ships, we can capture critical wave-current interactions and predict extreme wave behaviour in dynamic ocean environments.

How to cite: Larroche, I., Pesnec, A., Garcia, P., Archambault, T., and Bull, H.: Global High-Resolution Ocean Current Forecasts, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1182, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1182, 2025.

In-situ ocean observations are essential for satellite data validation, improving the reliability of environmental monitoring, providing data for modeling, and informing decision-making processes that impact ocean policy and management. We present a small, versatile and user-friendly uncrewed surface vehicle (USV) equipped with diverse sensor payloads for real-time, in-situ ocean sensing. Our approach focuses on making technological solutions available to non-expert users, and providing data in real time for efficient and productive field campaigns. We conducted a series of field campaigns demonstrating the use of different payloads for ocean monitoring, including 1) automatic collection of surface water samples 2) automatic collection of surface trawls for plankton and microplastics, 3) water leaving reflectance measurements using a sky-blocked approach (RAMSES sensor, TriOS GmbH) and 4) acoustic surveys of underwater environments (WBT-mini echo sounder, Kongsberg Maritime). Simultaneous operation of multiple USVs configured with different payloads provides a more comprehensive dataset which supports both satellite validation needs and in-situ data collection. Real-time data transmission capabilities enhance operational efficiency and data integration, supporting near-immediate analysis and decision-making. The work presented here demonstrates the potential for scalable USV operations, as each vehicle is compact, portable, and highly adaptable, making it feasible to deploy multiple USVs across a broad area. Preliminary results indicate robust data quality across the varied payloads and successful interoperability in the field, suggesting that USV-based systems could be instrumental in expanding the accessibility and spatial resolution of oceanographic data. These findings advance the goal of aligning scientific research with actionable ocean policy, illustrating the value of collaborative and innovative approaches to ocean sensing.

How to cite: Faltynkova, A. and Zolich, A.: Multi-Payload USV Operations for Real-Time Ocean Sensing and Satellite Validation: A Proof of Concept, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1195, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1195, 2025.

Due to the expansion of sustainable use of the oceans within the framework of the Blue Growth Strategy, and the expected increase in marine natural hazards such as harmful microorganisms or hypoxia in consequence to climate change, the socio-economic relevance of marine biological hazards and their prevention will increase in the future. Currently, there is  a lack of efficient, flexible, widely accessible, user-friendly observation technology. This makes it difficult to monitor the occurrence of marine biological hazards at appropriate spatial and temporal scales tailored to society's needs for early warning systems to prevent and minimize socio-economic impacts. The transdisciplinary project PrimePrevention aims to provide knowledge and technical solutions for monitoring and predicting the occurrence of marine biological hazards in order to derive recommendations for actions to protect society from their economic and health impacts, also considering cascading effects from additional marine extremes. This is based on an integration of social and natural sciences, engineering, citizen science and relevant stakeholder groups in a transdisciplinary co-creation process in two living labs along the German Baltic Sea. This will lead to a smart and flexible ocean observation strategy that is suited to serve the observation needs of individual stakeholder groups. Observation and prediction methods will be developed exemplarily for selected biological hazards (Cyanobacteria, Vibrio and hypoxia) in the western Baltic Sea, which will be the basis for recommendations on early warning systems.

How to cite: Engler, M. and Metfies, K. and the PrimePrevention: PrimePrevention - Towards an early-warning system for marine biological hazards harnessing a trans-disciplinary approach, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1200, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1200, 2025.

Calibration and validation of altimetry missions is essential to ensure the continuity and stability of long-term data records (e.g. sea level data record). Over a 30-year time series, it is imperative to guarantee the consistency between various altimetry missions, despite their differing measurement techniques (including both the altimeter and the radiometer), calibration modes and processing algorithms.

Here we provide an in-depth analysis of the evolution of on ground instruments for calibration/validation, of processing chains and methods used to assess and monitor altimetry performances since TOPEX-Poseidon (1992). We begin by examining ocean cross-calibration techniques used to harmonize mission time series, with a focus on geophysical retrievals and long-term stability. We then highlight the algorithm improvements that have been made over the past three decades, which have enhanced the reliability and accuracy of geophysical parameters (e.g., sea level, significant wave heights, wind speed). Finally, we provide an overview of current and future calibration techniques that are of crucial importance for altimetry calibration.

How to cite: Maraldi, C.: Sea Level Rise from space:30 years of Calibration/Validation to ensure the continuity of satellite altimetry measurement, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1211, 2025.

Argo is a major component of both the Global Ocean Observing System and the Global Climate Observing System, providing near-real time data for ocean and atmospheric services and high-quality data for climate research. The initial Core Argo mission aimed to measure temperature and salinity in the upper 2,000 metres of the global ocean from 60°N to 60°S. Successful pilot studies carried out in the 2010's have shown the potential and the technology readiness of Argo to extend its mission towards greater depths and biogeochemistry (BGC). Since 2020, Argo is progressively transitioning to OneArgo, an enhancement of the programme which adds geographical extensions (marginal seas, Polar Mission) as well as a BGC Mission and a Deep Mission (Roemmich et al., 2019).

The Euro-Argo programme, coordinated by the Euro-Argo ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium), represents the European contribution to the Argo international programme, as the sum of European national contributions from 13 countries plus occasional and targeted project-based contributions from the European Commission.

Euro-Argo aims at maintaining ¼ of the global OneArgo array, with a regional perspective leant towards European marginal seas (Mediterranean, Black and Baltic seas) and the European part of the Arctic seas. The Euro-Argo strategy focuses on providing sustained high quality oceanic data to the scientific community to better understand the role of the Ocean in the Earth’s climate and marine ecosystems. The technological advances in biogeochemical instrumentation on Argo floats have greatly improved the ability to gather data to support marine policies set up by the European Union. Argo is a major source of information for operational centres such as the Copernicus Marine and Climate Services and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in Europe, for the provision of ocean and weather forecasts and seasonal predictions. It also provides important in situ information for the calibration and validation of Earth observation satellites.

Within this context, Euro-Argo is currently revising its deployment strategy for the next decade, taking into consideration specific European needs in terms of in situ ocean observations, while integrating within the European Ocean Observing System and contributing to the global OneArgo new ambitious design.

We will present this strategy, including feedback received from Copernicus in the framework of the COINS project, and provide some highlights on the challenges for the years to come.

How to cite: Gourcuff, C., Berry, A., Carse, F., Kassis, D., Klein, B., Mork, K. A., Notarstefano, G., Slabakova, V., Stedmon, C., Sterl, A., Thierry, V., Siiria, S.-M., Vélez Belchí, P., and Walczowski, W.: European contribution to the OneArgo array, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1255, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1255, 2025.

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is a vital framework for understanding and protecting Europe’s marine environments. At its core, the EOOS relies on several key Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs)—EMSO, EURO-ARGO, ICOS ERIC, EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI, and MINKE—to supply critical, in situ ocean data to support scientific research and Copernicus services. Despite their essential contributions, these MRIs face challenges: lack of cross-coordination limits their capacity to support cutting-edge research, while insufficient integration results in resource inefficiencies and data silos.

The Horizon Europe Project AMRIT (Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together) addresses these gaps by convening these MRIs and leveraging the global coordination expertise of OceanOPS/WMO. Together, AMRIT aims to:

• Streamline operations across ocean observation platforms,
• Maximize sensor use and accelerate sensor innovation,
• Leverage complementary capabilities of diverse observational assets, and
• Foster coherence in the ocean data value chain from collection to end-user delivery.

At the heart of AMRIT’s mission is the establishment of an EOOS Technical Support Centre (EOOS TSC), which will:

• Develop a fully integrated information service across the ocean data lifecycle, from initial planning to user access,
• Establish standardized data acquisition methodologies for Essential Ocean Variables, and
• Create a collaborative, federal structure with MRIs and their member networks to sustain these services.

The EOOS TSC represents a cornerstone for the long-term advancement of EOOS, setting a new benchmark in operational efficiency, data standardization, and inter-institutional collaboration. As a strategic initiative aligned with the EOOS 2023-2027 Strategy and the European Commission’s vision for shared ocean observing responsibilities, AMRIT will serve as a catalyst for strengthening Europe’s ocean knowledge infrastructure, ensuring a robust, unified approach to marine observation for decades to come. By leveraging the expertise and resources of multiple partners, AMRIT aims to enhance data quality, accessibility, and interoperability across the European ocean observing system.

How to cite: Donnelly, F., deLecea, A., and Mortier, L.: AMRIT: Uniting Marine Research Infrastructures for a Sustainable and Integrated European Ocean Observing System (EOOS), One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1307, 2025.

The ocean is crucial for our society due to its prime role in regulating climate and providing resources and ecosystem services. Ocean observation is key to understand processes and changes, but it is very expensive and this is the reason why we only have information of a small part of the ocean. Hence, all the available data should be made available to be discovered, explored and used as much as possible, giving a second or third life to data that were obtained for a different purpose.

In this presentation we will show the steps needed to build a Lagrangian-Individual Based Model for the Galician Octopus in North West Spain in order to explore the survival of the early life stages (eggs and larvae) of this species, which is very appreciated in the area. We will focus on the data needed to build the different model components, either if they are available or not. If the data are available, we will discuss both the research questions that these data were intended to answer at the time they were collected and the new scientific knowledge that they are helping to build in this particular octopus project. But we will also pay attention to the data that are needed, but are not available, or the approximations that have to be made due to the lack of observations, which contributes to increase the uncertainty of our scientific findings.

Finally, we will show some initiatives that are being carried out with the participation of our research group to make observations from the IEO observing system more visible and available through standard data services.

How to cite: Garcia-Garcia, L. M., Ruiz-Villarreal, M., Sampedro-Pastor, P., Otero, J., Gonzalez-Nuevo, G., Sanjurjo-Garcia, A., Rodriguez-Abal, D., and Gonzalez-Perez, S.: The unvaluable value of making marine data available: an example constructing an IBM for the Galician Octopus, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1311, 2025.

Ocean observations are acquired from a great variety of platforms at different spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, a great number of physical, chemical, geological and biological variables need to be measured to characterise and understand ocean dynamics and the ocean ecosystem. Developing robust infrastructures that facilitate the search and access to diverse oceanographic data becomes essential to be able to use ocean observations for increasing our knowledge of ocean dynamics and of the ocean ecosystem and for producing information, services and products to support the great diversity of marine stakeholders.

In this communication, we will present recent developments of data infrastructures and data services at the the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC) in the framework of different national and international funded projects (DEMON, Oceans+, iFADO, DATAMARE...). IEO was founded in 1914 and focuses its activity on oceanography and marine research for different marine stakeholders and to provide scientific advice to the government to support the implementation of marine related policies. IEO is part of the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODC) network, which adhere to FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) to ensure standardized data management and global exchange of ocean data. In this contribution we will focus on our recent developments of standard catalogues using open-source tools like GeoNetwork and we will show how this approach has enabled IEO to organise and present a vast catalogue of oceanographic data and of data services that disseminate marine data sets following FAIR principles. Proper hierarchization ensure that users (individuals or data hubs) can navigate the IEO catalogue effectively, taking advantage of the search capabilities to access data for research and applications. Different examples of access to multidisciplinary data sets obtained with different ocean observing platforms will be provided. In addition, we will show how the ocean data stored at IEO can be catalogued to support the implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).

Finally, we will present the integrated marine data platform being developed by the EU funded Galician Marine Sciences Program by different academic and research actors in Galicia (CESGA, CSIC, MeteoGalicia, INTECMAR, CETMAR and universities of Santiago and Coruña) with the objective of demonstrating the improvement in the management of marine data using supercomputing technologies (High Performance Computing, HPC). We will show practical examples of how access and processing of multidisciplinary marine data sets can be performed in the infrastructure in a powerful, standardized, fast and simple way.

How to cite: Ruiz Villarreal, M., González-Nuevo, G., Sanz, L., Rodríguez Abal, D., and Tel, E.: Developments of data infrastructures and services for understanding the ocean ecosystem and for supporting marine stakeholders in Spain, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1329, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1329, 2025.

The German-Brazilian research project C-SCOPE aimed to take marine carbon observations to a new level by combining, perfecting and expanding existing and new observation networks. Here we present our joint findings, based on a three-year long, interdisciplinary collaboration between oceanographers, chemists, data managers, modelers, and social scientists. This abstract focuses on the social science contribution. A parallel submission focuses on natural science-based insights.

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating the global climate, absorbing around 26 % of global greenhouse gas emissions (Friedlingstein et al. 2023, Bakker et al. 2016). Improving the scientific knowledge of the ocean’s capacity as a carbon sink and other greenhouse gasses is therefore pivotal for policy-making at the national and international level. It is also essential in order to track progress and to improve the effectiveness of measures geared towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. However, the current capacity of the existing marine science system is limited in space and time. In its current form, the marine science system also creates barriers for scientists based in less affluent countries to contribute to and gain equitable access to scientific knowledge production (e.g. Bakker et al. 2023, Ostende Declaration 2024). 

As a first step,  this work investigates how information flows across the transnational network in which knowledge on marine CO2 is produced, based on a social network analysis (SNA) and qualitative interviews. It demonstrates the intense coordination effort required to integrate observations from numerous sources, and identifies key bottlenecks and vulnerabilities. 

In a second step, we apply the six guiding principles of Open Science as a yardstick for science in the service of society to assesses the current state of marine (carbon) science, pointing out strengths and shortcomings, and deriving recommendations for science policy developments such as the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO)’s recently announced Global Greenhouse Gas (G3W) Initiative (WMO n.d., WMO 2023). 

How to cite: Hägele, R., Schoderer, M., Hornidge, A.-K., Steinhoff, T., Körzinger, A., Bittig, H., Castro Morales, K., Cotrim da Cunha, L., Faber, C., Klein, B., Musetti, C., Reno de Oliveira, R., Wunsch, M., and Wimart-Rousseau, C.: C-SCOPE: new approaches for marine carbon observations. Part 1: Open Science for the Ocean, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1363, 2025.

The Helmholtz Association's Research Field Earth and Environment and the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM)—a partnership between the federal government, five northern German states, and 25 research-oriented organizations—have come together to connect the distributed data infrastructures of their members and partners. Their collaboration aims to create a Marine Data Ecosystem, facilitating centralized access to marine data and information. This ecosystem will provide open global access to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data from German marine science. A key driver behind the establishment of this integrated research data infrastructure is the pressing need to support scientific advancements and policy development to address the impacts of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss in marine environments. By digitizing observation platforms and establishing a shared information framework, this initiative is essential for enhancing marine science and supporting data-informed decision-making on a political and societal level. The German Marine Data Ecosystem also originates from the Helmholtz Strategic Initiative DataHub, which has developed a data architecture to integrate marine and Earth system science data into national, European, and international frameworks. A central element of this system is the German Marine Data Portal (https://marine-data.de), which serves as an access point for open marine research data. Through the DataHub, this initiative contributes to DAM’s efforts to build a decentralized infrastructure for processing, archiving, and disseminating marine observational and model data. Together, the DAM and DataHub initiatives form the basis of a coordinated data management infrastructure that strengthens German marine science and fosters international cooperation. At the national level, the DataHub, and thus the Marine Data Ecosystem, contributes directly to Germany's National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI), which integrates research data management across scientific disciplines and serves as Germany’s link to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). A significant component of the Marine Data Ecosystem is the “Underway Research Data pilot project”, coordinated by DAM. This project ensures that sensors on German research vessels continuously provide quality-controlled and FAIR data, making it available in global repositories. Serving as a demonstrator of the DataHub’s capabilities, “Underway Research Data pilot project” supports systematic data collection and enhances data-driven marine research by enabling FAIR, open-access data, and integration with European and global initiatives.

How to cite: Wiemer, G., Karstensen, J., Brix, H., Fischer, P., Kleeberg, U., Frickenhaus, S., Glöckner, F. O., Schäfer, A., and Lorenz, S.: The German Marine Data Ecosystem - collaborative management and development, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1390, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1390, 2025.

How to cite: Van Vranken, C., Gorringe, P., and Taylor, A. and the The Fishing Vessel Ocean Observing Network (FVON): The Fishing Vessel Ocean Observing Network (FVON): Towards advancing collaborative observations for the sustainability of our oceans, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1447, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1447, 2025.

A relatively small effort has been made to install and maintain operational observational platforms around the Portuguese Atlantic Islands. Even though the Azores and Madeira outermost regions account for over 80% of the Portuguese Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ), most observational networks have been installed in the Portuguese continental shelf. However, recently, the Madeira Regional Government requested the Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM; https://oom.arditi.pt), a research unit of ARDITI (Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology, and Innovation), to provide high-resolution and high-quality oceanic scientific data to all end-users, including scientific, public and private sectors of the society. The need for a permanent marine observatory arises to collect systematic, reliable, and comprehensive data on coastal waters, which could help governments improve decision-making and, thus, the sustainable management of marine resources. The location within the Atlantic Ocean endows a region with rich marine biodiversity and complex oceanographic dynamics. It is exposed to environmental risks and yet has the potential for Blue Economy growth, particularly regarding tourism and aquaculture.

To guarantee sustainable development, a range of state-of-the-art technologies was acquired (e.g., an unmanned surface vehicle for hydrographic and oceanographic data collection, a ferry box with several sensors to monitor surface water quality; a ferry box with several sensors to monitor surface water quality, and CTD+rosette for water column characterization). These cutting-edge technologies are essential to strengthen and complement computational forecasting capabilities. OOM has implemented coastal monitoring services based on the local operational forecasting system, including atmosphere and oceanic variables. The monitoring program also considers eutrophication hotspots and Sea Surface Temperature using satellite data from the Copernicus Marine Service. Most recently, in situ data on sea temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, and nutrient concentrations were reported monthly.

OOM is, therefore, a fundamental infrastructure to support sustainable development of the Blue Economy of the Madeira archipelago. The in-situ program started in February 2024 on the south of Madeira Island, an area with a high population density, considering tourism as the principal economic sector of the island.  The marine water samples are taken near wastewater treatment plants, hotels, and ports and within a coastal marine reserve site. Preliminary results showed an increase in nutrient concentration, dissolved oxygen consumption, and higher chlorophyll-a concentration, denoting a higher anthropogenic impact where the discharges are located. Due to its deep-sea context, however, plume dispersion was also very high.

How to cite: Narayan, A., Rosa, A., Kaufmann, M., and Caldeira, R.: The Oceanic Observatory of Madeira: A management and research infrastructure to support the sustainable development of marine coastal waters in the Blue Economy era, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1511, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1511, 2025.

Climate and Earth System Models still struggle with the seasonal evolution of ocean carbon exchange and budgets. With the advent of new near-real-time ocean biogeochemical data from argo floats and global biogeochemical data assimilation in the ocean, we should be able to benchmark and evaluate the earth system model simulations of seasonal and interannual net fluxes of carbon into the global ocean as well as regional and exclusive economic zone carbon budgets. We present results using metrics suitable for ESMValTool deployment to quantify and benchmark the carbon budgets in the CMIP6 simulations for the end of the historical period. We compare these results to the new BGOSE assimilation (global at 1/3°) as well as the observationally-derived carbon surface carbon data products.

How to cite: Russell, J. and Goodman, P.: Evolution of simulated seasonal and interannual ocean carbon budgets for the global ocean and exclusive economic zones in CMIP6 earth system models: Benchmarking for better prediction, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1548, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1548, 2025.

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in marine observation data, collected through both in situ measurements and remote sensing. For example, high-frequency monitoring of physical-chemical parameters (such as temperature, salinity, fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, and others) has become an essential tool to assess the natural and human-influenced changes in coastal and deep sea waters, and their societal and management implications. The number and variety of data require now efficient tools to make such large datasets accessible to the research community.

The Odatis Ocean cluster (www.odatis-ocean.fr), part of the French DATA TERRA Research Infrastructure, is a national network of Data and Service Centres (DSC) operated by seven research organizations and the French Marine Universities. Odatis is an essential tool for the marine community to describe, quantify and understand the global ocean and its evolution across various disciplines: physic, chemistry, biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems. Easier and broader access to marine data is  crucial for addressing the Ocean Decade Challenges, in particular in coastal regions directly affected by human activities.

The innovative nature of Odatis is to develop a marine portal for data producer and users. The first challenge of Odatis is to catalog all open ocean and coastal data and facilitate data collection and access (discovery, visualization, extraction) through its web portal. Repositories already exist all over the world; some have abundant experience but many do not fully comply with FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). A second challenge is to develop data analysis and interpretation services. A specific task is to develop tools for handling large amounts of data and generate products for policymakers, practitioners and academics. A last challenge is to inform and train the community. Access to multi-source data is still relatively new, and many researchers are not yet accustomed to searching and manipulating such datasets, let alone doing so remotely.

The aim of this presentation is to outline the French organisation for the management of marine research data, which could serve as a guideline for future national or thematic data repositories.

How to cite: Quimbert, E. and Schmidt, S.: The data and services strategy of ODATIS, the marine cluster of the French Research Infrastructure DATA TERRA, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1561, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1561, 2025.

Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full-water column physical and biogeochemical observations repeated each decade since the 1970s, provide a crucial resource for documenting ocean change. The ocean, a central component of Earth’s climate system, is taking up most of Earth’s excess anthropogenic heat. About 19% of this excess in the abyssal ocean beneath 2,000 m, dominated by Southern Ocean warming. The ocean also has taken up about a quarter of anthropogenic carbon, resulting in acidification of the upper ocean. Increased stratification has resulted in a decline in oxygen and increase in nutrients in the Northern Hemisphere thermocline and an expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones. Southern Hemisphere thermocline oxygen increased in the 2000s owing to stronger wind forcing and ventilation. Ship-based measurements also show that vertical diffusivity increases from a minimum in the thermocline to a maximum within the bottom 1,500 m, shifting our physical paradigm of the ocean’s overturning circulation.

The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigation Program (GO-SHIP) is a long-term, international effort committed to providing high-quality, full-water column oceanographic observations on a decadal timescale. GO-SHIP aims to collect essential in-situ observations of physical and biogeochemical ocean climate components, complementing and underpinning other observational strategies, providing a reference data set for the Ocean Observing System. A documented set of Best Practices forms the basis of GO-SHIP observing. These data provide a unique, long-term record of ocean variability, enabling scientists to track changes in temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, and carbon content, especially in the deep ocean. By monitoring key parameters and covering vast ocean basins, the program seeks to initialize, validate and constrain model estimates of the ocean's current state and improve projections of Earth's climate. The program's core mission is to deliver global measurements of the highest accuracy, covering the ocean basins from coast to coast and top to bottom, with decadal resolution. New measurements, such as genomics, transcriptomics, plankton imaging, and particle chemistry are also being incorporated into the nascent BioGO-SHIP program. This integration of biological and physical-chemical data will deepen our understanding of marine ecosystems and their response to climate change. By continuing to collect and disseminate high-quality oceanographic data, GO-SHIP plays a vital role in advancing ocean science and informing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.

GO-SHIP’s open data policies ensure rapid and widespread data access, enabling scientists to conduct cutting-edge research. The program actively promotes scientific training and leadership development, providing opportunities for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and early-career scientists to participate in cruises and engage in data analysis.

By continuing to collect and disseminate high-quality oceanographic data, GO-SHIP plays a vital role in advancing ocean science and informing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.

How to cite: Barbero, L., McDonagh, E., and Kramp, M.: GO-SHIP: A Global Vision for Decadal Ocean Monitoring, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1588, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1588, 2025.

In recent years, new satellites and sensors have made it easier to observe various ocean properties and phenomena at different scales. For example, the Copernicus Space program includes several types of sensors that can monitor roughness, ocean color, temperature, and height from space. While each polar-orbiting sensor only revisits a given area occasionally, the constellation of satellite missions can observe the ocean more frequently. Other geostationary sensors, like the SEVIRI sensor, also contribute by providing hourly data on sea surface temperature, which helps capture changes even in cloudy areas. This data provides invaluable insights into ocean state, climatology and evolution.

However, working with this diverse data is challenging. Accessing raw data, organizing it, and preparing it for analysis requires technical expertise, which can be a barrier for many potential users. To solve this, the Ocean Virtual Laboratory (OVL) team has developed open source tools to make ocean data more accessible and easy to analyze.

Firstly, online data visualization websites, such as https://ovl.oceandatalab.com, have been made publicly accessible. These platforms empower users to explore various satellite, in-situ, and model data with just a few clicks. Users can navigate through time and space, easily compare hundreds of products (some in Near Real-Time), and utilize drawing and annotation features. The OVL web portal also embed tools like SEAShot to facilitate sharing interesting cases with fellow scientists and communicating about captivating oceanic structures.

The second tool, SEAScope, is a freely available standalone application that provides additional data analysis capabilities. SEAScope, which works on Windows, Linux, and macOS, allows users to display data on a 3D globe and extract specific data for detailed analysis. Users can even link SEAScope with other applications, like Jupyter notebooks, to perform deeper data analysis and bring results back into SEAScope for visualization.

Together, these tools make it easier for users to access, analyze, and share valuable ocean data. They are commonly used during at sea campaign, as it allows scientists to quickly and efficiently look at a variety of data in near time. This is particularly useful to make informed decisions to adapt cruise planning and compare the remote sensing measurements with in-situ observations in near real time .

How to cite: Gaultier, L., Collard, F., Donlon, C., El Khoury Hanna, Z., Herlédan, S., and Le Seach, G.: ESA Ocean Virtual Laboratory : satellite observations, model and in-situ data at your fingertips, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1149, 2025.

The INTEGRATED CARBON OBSERVATION SYSTEM, ICOS, is a European-wide research infrastructure observing greenhouse gasea and the carbon cycle. ICOS produces standardised data on greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, as well as on carbon fluxes between the atmosphere, the ecosystems and oceans. This information is essential for predicting and mitigating climate change. Observations of pCO2 in the surface ocean as provided by the ICOS Ocean network are pivotal for calculating the fluxes between oceans and the atmosphere. The presentation introduces to ICOS in general, it's Ocean network and future development based on new technologies currently developed in EU funded projects such as GEORGE and TRICUSO.

How to cite: Kutsch, W. L.: The ocean observations by the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1214, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1214, 2025.

Planktonic microorganisms play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by contributing to nutrient cycles, regulating climate, and supporting the marine food web. However, it is still unclear to what extent they can continue to provide these essential services as they face increasing pressures from climate change and human activities (Abreu et al., 2022). Understanding how environmental and anthropogenic changes affect plankton communities is essential to guide sustainable fisheries management and reduce our impact on ocean health.

Due to their short generation times, marine microorganisms can respond rapidly to environmental changes, making them effective indicators of ecosystem alterations. However, different planktonic organisms may react differently in different regions, under the influence of local environmental factors (Bian et al., 2023). Identifying the dominant drivers of plankton dynamics in specific areas is therefore essential for developing sensitive indicators for ecosystem monitoring.

In our study, we utilize extensive datasets collected by the « SOMLIT » and « COAST-HF » French National Observation Services, which include standardized data on pico- and nanoplankton abundance, optical variables from flow cytometry, and physico-chemical variables since 2012. Most research has mainly focused on microplankton, and medium-term studies on pico- and nanoplankton in the North Western Mediterranean Sea remain limited (Magliozzi et al., 2023). Using advanced statistical techniques such as multivariate analysis, functional data analysis, and time series analysis, we investigate the structure and dynamics of pico- and nanoplankton assemblages at three contrasted coastal sites in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Banyuls, Marseille, and Villefranche) that exhibit notable differences in nutrient loads. Our results aim to improve our understanding of how these communities respond to environmental changes and to provide insights into the potential impacts of climate change on marine resources.

References:

Abreu, A., Bourgois, E., Gristwood, A., Troublé, R., Acinas, S. G., Bork, P., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Budinich, M., Chaffron, S., de Vargas, C., Delmont, T. O., Eveillard, D., Guidi, L., Iudicone, D., Kandels, S., Morlon, H., Lombard, F., Pepperkok, R., … Vanaverbeke, J. (2022). Priorities for ocean microbiome research. Nature Microbiology, 7(7), 937–947. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01145-5

Bian, V., Cai, M., & Follett, C. L. (2023). Understanding opposing predictions of Prochlorococcus in a changing climate. Nature Communications, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36928-9

Magliozzi, C., Palma, M., Druon, J. N., Palialexis, A., Abigail, M. G., Ioanna, V., Rafael, G. Q., Elena, G., Birgit, H., Laura, B., & Felipe, A. L. (2023). Status of pelagic habitats within the EU-Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Proposals for improving consistency and representativeness of the assessment. Marine Policy, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105467

How to cite: Gregori, G., Couteyen, M., and Nerini, D.: Assessing the Response of Pico- and Nanoplankton to Environmental Pressures in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, One Ocean Science Congress 2025, Nice, France, 3–6 Jun 2025, OOS2025-1220, https://doi.org/10.5194/oos2025-1220, 2025.