Space Weather and GIC Risks: Analyzing Geomagnetic Storms within the MARGE Project

Geoelectric fields induced on the Earth's surface by geomagnetic storms represent a significant hazard to the operation of power grids and critical infrastructures. These disturbances, generate Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs), which can disrupt electrical systems, causing potential damage and operational downtime. The ability to estimate these geoelectric fields in near real-time and to develop accurate local forecasts is crucial for enabling timely mitigation strategies, thereby enhancing the stability and functionality of power grids.

With solar activity expected to peak in 2025, understanding the full scope of its impact on geomagnetic storms and associated space weather phenomena has become a priority for both scientific research and risk management in critical sectors.

In this context, the MARGE project, an abbreviation of " GEoelectromagnetic Risk MAp for Central Italy” plays a key role. Led by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) in collaboration with the University of Bari and the Institute of Environmental Analysis Methodologies at CNR, the project focuses on two primary objectives.

First, it employs broad-band, long-term magnetotelluric data to delineate large-scale lithospheric structures in the Central Apennines.

Second, it develops detailed geoelectric field maps for Central Italy, supporting Space Weather modeling and vulnerability analyses of critical infrastructure.

This study analyzes the characteristics of natural electric and magnetic fields generated by geomagnetic storms during the MARGE project’s magnetotelluric campaign.

The results will contribute to improving Space Weather models, advancing our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of geomagnetic disturbances on critical systems.