The dynamics of planetary cores and subsurface oceans represent fundamental components of planetary evolution models, contributing to the balance of heat and angular momentum, energy dissipation, and the generation of magnetic fields, which can be observed both in situ and remotely.

The steering mechanisms in the fluid layers of planetary cores encompass a range of processes, including slow thermal and compositional convection, as well as diurnal orbital perturbations, such as precession, nutations, librations, and tides. The resulting non-linear dynamics present a significant challenge for both numerical and experimental approaches. The increasing volume of data from satellite and Earth-based missions requires ongoing efforts to enhance our understanding of these dynamics through theoretical, numerical, and experimental research.

In addition, seismological observations provide a picture of the core as it is today. The increasing body of observations and data processing techniques offers new avenues to study the structure and physical properties of both the outer and inner core. This is complemented by information from high pressure mineral physics which can help in understanding the underlying effects of composition, chemical, and crystalline structure on the core as it is today or during its evolution since the formation of the Earth.

In this session, we welcome contributions from all disciplines to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of planetary core and geodynamo models. This includes research on thermal and compositional convection, mechanically driven flows by precession/nutation, libration, and tides, dynamo processes, high pressure mineral physics, and seismological observations.

The upscaling of laboratory results to regional geophysical observations is a fundamental challenge in geosciences. Earthquakes are inherently non-linear and multi-scale phenomena, with dynamics that are strongly dependent on the geometry and the physical properties of faults and their surrounding media. To investigate these complex processes, fault mechanisms are often scaled down in the laboratory to explore the physical and mechanical characteristics of earthquakes under controlled, yet realistic boundary conditions.
However, extrapolating these small-scale laboratory studies to large-scale geophysical observations remains a significant challenge. This is where numerical simulations become essential, serving as a bridge between scales and enhancing our understanding of fault mechanics. Together, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and geophysical observations are complementary and necessary to understand fault mechanisms across the different scales.
In this session, we aim to convene multidisciplinary contributions that address multiple aspects of earthquake mechanics combining laboratory, geophysical and numerical observations, including:

(i) the interaction between the fault zone and surrounding damage zone;
(ii) the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes associated with all the different stages of the seismic cycle;
(iii) bridging the gap between the different scales of fault deformation mechanisms.

We particularly encourage contributions with novel observations and innovative methodologies for studying earthquake faulting. Contributions from early career scientists are highly welcome.

The study of surfaces and internal structure of planetary bodies is pivotal for the exploration missions. Geodetic mapping of planetary targets including modelling the subsurface structure applying gravity and magnetic data is critical for any exploration mission. Parameters of orbit, rotation, shape and interior models, topographic data, or cartographic maps support orbital and landed probe operations. In combination with measurements of surface topography and shape, the interior properties of celestial bodies, such as thickness and density of internal layers, can be inferred from processing and modelling of gravity and magnetic fields data. Also, the study of analogues (i.e. natural geological settings) and simulant (i.e. artificially made) materials provide insights into processes that may have occurred on other planets, allowing an additional viewpoint for interpretations. New insights from the analysis of potential fields, topographic data, shape models and cartographic products from past and recent missions (e.g. to Mars, Mercury, Venus and icy satellites), as well as study of terrestrial analogues, will offer the community a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic area of planetary research. This session showcases state of the art methods and approaches in developing planetary gravity and magnetic field models, conducting topographic analyses, and carrying out data modelling techniques to unravel the internal structures of planets and satellites. This includes shape modeling and topographic mapping using images and laser altimetry as well as including deep learning and machine learning techniques. Bringing together scientists from different fields, including geologists, geodesists, astrophysicists, insights and understanding of processes and geologic histories are shared and discussed.

Rock mass deformation and failure at different stress levels (from the brittle regime to the brittle-ductile transition) are controlled by damage processes occurring on different spatial scales, from grain (µm) to geological formation (km) scale. These lead to a progressive increase of micro- and meso-crack intensity in the rock matrix and to the growth of inherited macro-fractures at rock mass scale. Coalescence of these fractures forms large-scale structures such as brittle fault zones, rockslide shear zones, and excavation damage zones (EDZ) in open pit mining and underground construction. Diffuse or localized rock damage have a primary influence on rock properties (strength, elastic moduli, hydraulic and electric properties) and on their evolution across multiple temporal scales spanning from geological time to highly dynamic phenomena as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, slopes and man-made rock structures. In subcritical stress conditions, damage accumulation results in brittle creep processes key to the long-term evolution of geophysical, geomorphological and geo-engineering systems.
Damage and progressive failure processes must be considered to understand the time-dependent hydro-mechanical behaviour of fault damage zones and principal slip zones, and their interplay (e.g. earthquakes vs aseismic creep), volcanic systems and slopes (e.g. slow rock slope deformation vs catastrophic rock slides), as well as the response of rock masses to stress perturbations induced by artificial excavations (tunnels, mines) and loading. At the same time, damage processes control the brittle behaviour of the upper crust and are strongly influenced by intrinsic rock properties (strength, fabric, porosity, anisotropy), geological structures and their inherited damage, as well as by the evolving pressure-temperature with increasing depth and by fluid pressure, transport properties and chemistry.
In this session we will bring together researchers from different communities interested in a better understanding of rock deformation and failure processes and consequence, as well as other related rock mechanics topics. We welcome innovative and novel contributions on experimental studies (both in the laboratory and in situ), continuum / micromechanical analytical and numerical modelling, and applications to fault zones, reservoirs, slope instability and landscape evolution, and engineering applications.

The upscaling of laboratory results to regional geophysical observations is a fundamental challenge in geosciences. Earthquakes are inherently non-linear and multi-scale phenomena, with dynamics that are strongly dependent on the geometry and the physical properties of faults and their surrounding media. To investigate these complex processes, fault mechanisms are often scaled down in the laboratory to explore the physical and mechanical characteristics of earthquakes under controlled, yet realistic boundary conditions.
However, extrapolating these small-scale laboratory studies to large-scale geophysical observations remains a significant challenge. This is where numerical simulations become essential, serving as a bridge between scales and enhancing our understanding of fault mechanics. Together, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and geophysical observations are complementary and necessary to understand fault mechanisms across the different scales.
In this session, we aim to convene multidisciplinary contributions that address multiple aspects of earthquake mechanics combining laboratory, geophysical and numerical observations, including:

(i) the interaction between the fault zone and surrounding damage zone;
(ii) the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes associated with all the different stages of the seismic cycle;
(iii) bridging the gap between the different scales of fault deformation mechanisms.

We particularly encourage contributions with novel observations and innovative methodologies for studying earthquake faulting. Contributions from early career scientists are highly welcome.

Earth’s cryosphere demonstrates itself in many shapes and forms, but we use similar geophysical and in-situ methods to study its wide spectrum: from ice-sheets and glaciers, to firn and snow, sea ice, permafrost, and en-glacial and subglacial environments.
In this session, we welcome contributions related to all methods in cryospheric measurements, including: advances in radioglaciology, active and passive seismology, geoelectrics, acoustic sounding, fibre-optic sensing, GNSS reflectometry, signal attenuation, and time delay techniques, cosmic ray neutron sensing, ROV and drone applications, and electromagnetic methods. Contributions can include field applications, new approaches in geophysical or in-situ survey techniques, or theoretical advances in data analysis processing or inversion. Case studies from all parts of the cryosphere, including snow and firn, alpine glaciers, ice sheets, glacial and periglacial environments, alpine and arctic permafrost as well as rock glaciers, or sea ice, are highly welcome.
This session will give you an opportunity to step out of your research focus of a single cryosphere type and to share experiences in the application, processing, analysis, and interpretation of different geophysical and in-situ techniques in these highly complex environments. This session has been running for over a decade and always produces lively and informative discussion. We have a successful history of PICO and other short-style presentations - submit here if you want a guaranteed short oral!

The dynamics of planetary cores and subsurface oceans represent fundamental components of planetary evolution models, contributing to the balance of heat and angular momentum, energy dissipation, and the generation of magnetic fields, which can be observed both in situ and remotely.

The steering mechanisms in the fluid layers of planetary cores encompass a range of processes, including slow thermal and compositional convection, as well as diurnal orbital perturbations, such as precession, nutations, librations, and tides. The resulting non-linear dynamics present a significant challenge for both numerical and experimental approaches. The increasing volume of data from satellite and Earth-based missions requires ongoing efforts to enhance our understanding of these dynamics through theoretical, numerical, and experimental research.

In addition, seismological observations provide a picture of the core as it is today. The increasing body of observations and data processing techniques offers new avenues to study the structure and physical properties of both the outer and inner core. This is complemented by information from high pressure mineral physics which can help in understanding the underlying effects of composition, chemical, and crystalline structure on the core as it is today or during its evolution since the formation of the Earth.

In this session, we welcome contributions from all disciplines to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of planetary core and geodynamo models. This includes research on thermal and compositional convection, mechanically driven flows by precession/nutation, libration, and tides, dynamo processes, high pressure mineral physics, and seismological observations.

Rock mass deformation and failure at different stress levels (from the brittle regime to the brittle-ductile transition) are controlled by damage processes occurring on different spatial scales, from grain (µm) to geological formation (km) scale. These lead to a progressive increase of micro- and meso-crack intensity in the rock matrix and to the growth of inherited macro-fractures at rock mass scale. Coalescence of these fractures forms large-scale structures such as brittle fault zones, rockslide shear zones, and excavation damage zones (EDZ) in open pit mining and underground construction. Diffuse or localized rock damage have a primary influence on rock properties (strength, elastic moduli, hydraulic and electric properties) and on their evolution across multiple temporal scales spanning from geological time to highly dynamic phenomena as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, slopes and man-made rock structures. In subcritical stress conditions, damage accumulation results in brittle creep processes key to the long-term evolution of geophysical, geomorphological and geo-engineering systems.
Damage and progressive failure processes must be considered to understand the time-dependent hydro-mechanical behaviour of fault damage zones and principal slip zones, and their interplay (e.g. earthquakes vs aseismic creep), volcanic systems and slopes (e.g. slow rock slope deformation vs catastrophic rock slides), as well as the response of rock masses to stress perturbations induced by artificial excavations (tunnels, mines) and loading. At the same time, damage processes control the brittle behaviour of the upper crust and are strongly influenced by intrinsic rock properties (strength, fabric, porosity, anisotropy), geological structures and their inherited damage, as well as by the evolving pressure-temperature with increasing depth and by fluid pressure, transport properties and chemistry.
In this session we will bring together researchers from different communities interested in a better understanding of rock deformation and failure processes and consequence, as well as other related rock mechanics topics. We welcome innovative and novel contributions on experimental studies (both in the laboratory and in situ), continuum / micromechanical analytical and numerical modelling, and applications to fault zones, reservoirs, slope instability and landscape evolution, and engineering applications.

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error", or as a process of successful "tinkering" (Knorr, 1979). Thus we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors? We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

Handling mistakes and setbacks is a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for publication in the scientific literature if it confirms an accepted theory or if it reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

In the spirit of open science, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each others' mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths onto our work, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

--
Knorr, Karin D. “Tinkering toward Success: Prelude to a Theory of Scientific Practice.” Theory and Society 8, no. 3 (1979): 347–76.

Faults and fractures are critical components of geological reservoirs, exerting significant control over the physical and mechanical properties of subsurface formations. Their influence on fluid behaviour and fluid-rock interactions plays a crucial role in the success and safety of geoenergy applications, including geothermal energy, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and subsurface energy and waste storage.

Recent advancements in field observations, monitoring technologies, and laboratory experiments have deepened our understanding of how faults and fractures impact deformation processes, rock failure, and fault/fracture (re-)activation. These discontinuities act as conduits or barriers for fluid flow, transport and heat flow, leading to complex interactions that can either enhance or impair reservoir performance. Of particular concern are the changes in the thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) properties due to hydraulic stimulation and fluid circulation within faulted and fractured zones, which can alter transmissibility and influence the stability of these structures.

Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting and mitigating risks associated with induced seismicity, leakage, and other subsurface hazards. Furthermore, insights gained from these studies are essential for improving the accuracy of numerical models, which are used to predict fault behaviour at reservoir scales and guide the design and management of geoenergy projects.

We invite contributions from researchers who are exploring the role of faults and fractures in subsurface systems, particularly those involved in applied or interdisciplinary studies related to low-carbon technologies. We are particularly interested in research that bridges the gap between laboratory-scale measurements and field-scale processes, and that employs a diverse range of methods, including but not limited to outcrop studies, in-situ experiments and monitoring, subsurface data analysis, and laboratory investigations. Interdisciplinary approaches that integrate geological, geophysical, and engineering perspectives are especially welcome.

The session aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of faults and fractures on subsurface energy systems, showcasing innovative methods for their characterisation and management.

Geodynamic and tectonic processes are the key engines in shaping the structural, thermal and petrological configuration of the crust and lithosphere. In the course, they constantly modify the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical properties of the rock record, ultimately leading to a heterogenous endowment of (often co-located) subsurface resources.
Supporting the transition to sustainable low-carbon economies at scale poses significant challenges and opportunities for the global geoscience community. An integrated and interdisciplinary understanding of the subsurface processes that can provide access to alternative energy supplies and critical raw materials is lacking, as are unifying science-backed exploration strategies and resource assessment workflows.
This session aims to improve our scientific understanding of the pathways and interdependencies that lead to the concentration of economic quantities of energy carriers or noble gases, mineral resources, and sufficient geothermal gradients. Further, it also focuses on providing input for exploration decision-making, the engineering of access strategies to the policy makers as well as for the strategic planning of collaborative research initiatives.
In particular, we invite studies on observational data analysis, instrumentation, numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and geological engineering, with an emphasis on integrated approaches/datasets which address the geological history of such systems as well as their spatial characteristics for sub-topics such as:
- Geothermal systems: key challenges in successfully exploiting geothermal energy are related to observational gaps in lithological heterogeneities and tectonic (fault) structures and sweet-spotting zones of sufficient permeability for fluid extraction.
- Geological (white/natural) hydrogen and helium resources: potential of source rocks, conversion kinetics, migration and possible accumulation processes through geological time, along with detection, characterisation, and quantification of sources, fluxes, shallow subsurface interactions and surface leakage of hydrogen (H2) and Helium (He).
- Ore deposits: To meet the growing global demand for metal resources, new methods are required to discover new ore deposits and assess the spatio-temporal and geodynamic characteristics of favourable conditions to generate metallogenic deposits, transport pathways, and host sequences.

The study of surfaces and internal structure of planetary bodies is pivotal for the exploration missions. Geodetic mapping of planetary targets including modelling the subsurface structure applying gravity and magnetic data is critical for any exploration mission. Parameters of orbit, rotation, shape and interior models, topographic data, or cartographic maps support orbital and landed probe operations. In combination with measurements of surface topography and shape, the interior properties of celestial bodies, such as thickness and density of internal layers, can be inferred from processing and modelling of gravity and magnetic fields data. Also, the study of analogues (i.e. natural geological settings) and simulant (i.e. artificially made) materials provide insights into processes that may have occurred on other planets, allowing an additional viewpoint for interpretations. New insights from the analysis of potential fields, topographic data, shape models and cartographic products from past and recent missions (e.g. to Mars, Mercury, Venus and icy satellites), as well as study of terrestrial analogues, will offer the community a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic area of planetary research. This session showcases state of the art methods and approaches in developing planetary gravity and magnetic field models, conducting topographic analyses, and carrying out data modelling techniques to unravel the internal structures of planets and satellites. This includes shape modeling and topographic mapping using images and laser altimetry as well as including deep learning and machine learning techniques. Bringing together scientists from different fields, including geologists, geodesists, astrophysicists, insights and understanding of processes and geologic histories are shared and discussed.

Many regions of the Earth, from crust to core, exhibit anisotropic fabrics which can reveal much about geodynamic processes in the subsurface. These fabrics can exist at a variety of scales, from crystallographic orientations to regional structure alignments. In the past few decades, a tremendous body of multidisciplinary research has been dedicated to characterizing anisotropy in the solid Earth and understanding its geodynamical implications. This has included work in fields such as: (1) geophysics, to make in situ observations and construct models of anisotropic properties at a range of depths; (2) mineral physics, to explain the cause of some of these observations; and (3) numerical modelling, to relate the inferred fabrics to regional stress and flow regimes and, thus, geodynamic processes in the Earth. The study of anisotropy in the Solid Earth encompasses topics so diverse that it often appears fragmented according to regions of interest, e.g., the upper or lower crust, oceanic lithosphere, continental lithosphere, cratons, subduction zones, D'', or the inner core. The aim of this session is to bring together scientists working on different aspects of mechanical anisotropy to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We encourage contributions from all disciplines of the earth sciences (including mineral physics, seismology, magnetotellurics, geodynamic modelling) focused on mechanical anisotropy at all scales and depths within the Earth.

This session provides the opportunity for contributions that fall within the broad spectrum of Rock Physics, but are not directly appropriate to any of the other proposed sessions. We solicit contributions on theory and simulations, instrumentation, laboratory experiments and field measurements, data analysis and interpretation, as well as inversion and modelling techniques.

Petrophysics and geomechanics have been critical tools in the exploitation of naturally occurring fossil fuels. Now that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels towards sustainable energy and material sources, these same methods still have critical roles to play. The methods remain the same – it is only their applications that have changed, helping to drive the globe towards net zero and beyond. Conventional petrophysics and geomechanics are being applied to new challenges, ensuring that the wheel does not need reinventing.

The aim of this session is to explore and foster the contribution of petrophysics and geomechanics to improve development of sustainable energy and material resources in the transition to low-carbon energy and net zero.

Papers should show research or deployment involving theory, concept, measurement, modelling, testing, validation the deployment of petrophysics and/or geomechanics, from/across angström to basin scales, that has the potential for driving us towards net zero, including pore-scale processes that link fluid flow, geochemistry and geomechanical properties, and studies linking petrophysical and geomechanical properties across multiple scales.

Applications include, but are not limited to, (i) carbon capture and storage, (ii) subsurface energy storage, (iii) geothermal energy, (iv) non-carbon gas exploitation (e.g. helium and white hydrogen), (v) wind energy, (vi) hydroelectric energy, (vi) solar energy, (vii) battery storage for smoothing of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES). In each case including provision of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt, neodymium), engineering and groundwater flow are included.

Approaches may include laboratory measurement, field studies, multi-scale imaging, pore-scale and DRM modelling, reactive flow, reservoir modelling, 3D quantification and dynamic simulation, fracture modelling, heat flow quantification and modelling, reservoir integrity cap-rock studies, quantitative evaluation of porosity, permeability or any other properties or approach.

The development of petrophysical models, which link geophysical measurements such as electrical conductivity or seismic velocity to subsurface parameters like fluid content and hydraulic properties, is critical for characterizing subsurface properties and informing geological reservoir, hydrological, and biogeochemical studies. As geophysical techniques evolve, particularly with the rise of distributed monitoring systems, their application extends beyond static measurements. Increasingly, they are used to study dynamic processes such as fluid flow, solute transport, and biogeochemical reactions. These developments highlight the necessity of refining petrophysical relationships through multidisciplinary approaches that combine theoretical, laboratory, and field-scale studies. Each geophysical method has its own resolution and depth constraints, while complex relationships between physical properties and interfacial, geometrical, and biogeochemical characteristics further complicate the scaling of laboratory experiments to field applications, making it vital to establish accurate, adaptable petrophysical models.

This session invites contributions from diverse research communities to explore new petrophysical models, numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, and field case studies. We aim to foster interdisciplinary discussions on advancing petrophysical relationships and improving our understanding of complex subsurface processes across a wide range of natural and engineering settings, including low-carbon energy technologies and subsurface storage solutions. We encourage submissions focused on georeservoir studies that combine insights from geomechanics, geochemistry, petrophysics, and material science. Additionally, we welcome submissions on the development of cutting-edge experimental apparatus, novel sensor technologies, and innovative methods for simulating in-situ conditions.

Geological and geophysical data sets convey observations of physical processes governing the Earth’s evolution. Such data sets are widely varied and range from the internal structure of the Earth, plate kinematics, composition of geomaterials, estimation of physical conditions, dating of key geological events, thermal state of the Earth to more shallow processes such as natural and "engineered" reservoir dynamics in the subsurface.

The complexity in the physics of geological processes arises from their multi-physics nature, as they combine hydrological, thermal, chemical and mechanical processes. Multi-physics couplings are prone to nonlinear interactions ultimately leading to spontaneous localisation of flow and deformation. Understanding the couplings among those processes therefore requires the development of appropriate numerical tools.

Integrating high-quality data into physics-based predictive numerical simulations may lead to further constraining unknown key parameters within the models. Innovative inversion strategies, linking forward dynamic models with observables, and combining PDE solvers with machine-learning via differentiable programming is therefore an important research topic that will improve our knowledge of the governing physical parameters.

We invite contributions from the following two complementary themes:

#1 Computational advances associated with
- Alternative spatial and/or temporal discretisation for existing forward/inverse models
- Scalable HPC implementations of new and existing methodologies (GPUs / multi-core)
- Solver and preconditioner developments
- Combining PDEs with AI / Machine learning-based approaches (physics-informed ML)
- Automatic differentiation (AD) and differentiable programming
- Code and methodology comparisons (benchmarks)

#2 Physics advances associated with
- Development of partial differential equations to describe geological processes
- Inversion strategies and adjoint-based modelling
- Numerical model validation through comparison with observables (data)
- Scientific discovery enabled by 2D and 3D modelling
- Utilisation of coupled models to explore nonlinear interactions

The research output presented in this session can be submitted to the ongoing Special Issue (SI) in the EGU journal of Geoscientific Model Development (GMD): https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net/articles_and_preprints/scheduled_sis.html

This session provides the opportunity for contributions that fall within the broad spectrum of Geomagnetism, but are not directly appropriate to any of the other proposed sessions. We solicit contributions on theory and simulations, instrumentation, laboratory experiments and field measurements, data analysis and interpretation, as well as inversion and modelling techniques. This session also welcomes studies of extreme geophysical events from space and ground and attempts to integrate, model, and interpret the effects detected in separate geolayers.

The session covers all methods and case histories related to measuring, processing and modelling potential field anomalies for geological, environmental and resources purposes. It will concern gravity and magnetic data from satellite missions to airborne and detailed ground-based arrays. Contributions presenting instrumental, theoretical and computational advances of data modelling/processing techniques as well as new case studies of geophysical and geological interest are welcome. This session will also encourage presentations on compilation methods of heterogenous data sets, multiscale and multidisciplinary approaches for natural resources exploration and geological gas storage purposes, and other environmental applications. Potential field applications in exploration and geological interpretation of magnetic anomalies, jointly with other geodata, are warmly welcome.

This session invites contributions in the field of electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods, covering applications across a broad spectrum of scales—from near-surface investigations to deep mantle studies. We welcome research focused on advancing instrumentation and data acquisition techniques that enable more precise measurements, as well as innovations in mathematical and numerical methods that enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data processing, modeling, and inversion. These methods should be applicable to a wide range of settings, including ground-based, offshore, airborne, and satellite-based missions. Key areas of interest include, but are not limited to, studies utilizing EM techniques for:

1. The use of natural and controlled EM sources for geophysical research.
2. Global electromagnetic induction and its implications for understanding Earth's conductivity and its internal structure.
3. Regional-scale imaging, particularly in tectonic, magmatic, or volcanic systems, which may involve tracking changes in geological features over time.
4. Applications aimed at resource exploration, such as the detection and characterization of hydrocarbon, geothermal, and mineral resources.
5. Investigations into the near-surface structure for applications relevant to environmental monitoring, urban development, and hydrological studies.
6. Studies on geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and their effects on technological infrastructure.
7. Investigations into space weather phenomena and their interactions with the Earth’s magnetosphere.
8. Research related to the geomagnetic field, leveraging data from observatories and long-term monitoring stations to explore its dynamics and secular variations.

We are also interested in contributions that integrate EM methods with other disciplines, particularly multi-disciplinary studies that combine data from rock physics, geophysical techniques (seismic, gravity, etc.), geochemical analyses, and geological investigations. Such integration is critical for unraveling the complexities of subsurface structures and their temporal evolution. We aim to bring together researchers and practitioners working across diverse scales and applications of EM geophysical methods, encouraging the exchange of ideas, methodologies, and findings that push the boundaries of current knowledge and technological capability.

Launched in November 2013, the ESA Earth Explorer Swarm satellite trio has provided, for one solar cycle, continuous accurate measurements of the magnetic field, accompanied by plasma and electric field measurements, precise navigation, and accelerometer observations.
The polar-orbiting Swarm satellites are augmented with absolute magnetic scalar and vector data from the low-inclination Macau Science Satellite 1 (MSS-1, since May 2023, 41° inclination, covering all Local Times within 2 months) and with absolute scalar field measurements from the CSES satellite (since 2018, fixed 02/14 LT near-polar orbit) which significantly extend the data coverage in space and time.
In addition, the ESA Scout NanoMagSat constellation consisting of one near-polar and two 60° inclination satellites, is now also in the pipeline, with a sequence of launches planned to start at the end of 2027 for full operation in 2028. It will acquire absolute vector magnetic data at 1 Hz, very low noise scalar and vector magnetic field data at 2 kHz, electron density data at 2 kHz and electron temperature data at 1 Hz. It will also acquire navigation data, enabling top-side TEC retrieval, and collect ionospheric radio-occultation profiles.

This session invites contributions on investigations in geomagnetism, ionospheric and thermospheric sciences related to Earth and near-Earth processes, with focus on existing and planned Low-Earth-Orbiting satellites. Combined analyses of satellite- and ground-based or model data are welcome.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

A wide range of geo-electromagnetic methods, including natural source magnetotelluric, time-domain, and frequency-domain controlled source EM, as well as DC resistivity and induced polarization are uniquely sensitive to the earth’s electrical properties and are capable of probing from shallow depths near the surface to even hundreds of kilometers into the Earth's crust. They are invaluable for revealing subsurface structures, fluid distributions, mineral resources, tectonic features, and even engineered infrastructure. Traditionally essential in resource exploration, geo-electromagnetic methods are now becoming increasingly relevant in addressing new global challenges related to energy systems, the impacts of climate change, environmental problems, and urban development and resilience.

This session serves as an annual platform for showcasing the latest advancements in geo-electromagnetic research. We encourage contributions from a broad range of topics, including methodological breakthroughs, novel field observations, theoretical advancements, and case studies. This year, we particularly welcome submissions that highlight innovative uses of geo-electromagnetic methods in emerging areas—whether through state-of-the-art instrumentation, unconventional applications, or studies with significant societal or environmental relevance.

Geodynamic and tectonic processes are the key engines in shaping the structural, thermal and petrological configuration of the crust and lithosphere. In the course, they constantly modify the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical properties of the rock record, ultimately leading to a heterogenous endowment of (often co-located) subsurface resources.
Supporting the transition to sustainable low-carbon economies at scale poses significant challenges and opportunities for the global geoscience community. An integrated and interdisciplinary understanding of the subsurface processes that can provide access to alternative energy supplies and critical raw materials is lacking, as are unifying science-backed exploration strategies and resource assessment workflows.
This session aims to improve our scientific understanding of the pathways and interdependencies that lead to the concentration of economic quantities of energy carriers or noble gases, mineral resources, and sufficient geothermal gradients. Further, it also focuses on providing input for exploration decision-making, the engineering of access strategies to the policy makers as well as for the strategic planning of collaborative research initiatives.
In particular, we invite studies on observational data analysis, instrumentation, numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and geological engineering, with an emphasis on integrated approaches/datasets which address the geological history of such systems as well as their spatial characteristics for sub-topics such as:
- Geothermal systems: key challenges in successfully exploiting geothermal energy are related to observational gaps in lithological heterogeneities and tectonic (fault) structures and sweet-spotting zones of sufficient permeability for fluid extraction.
- Geological (white/natural) hydrogen and helium resources: potential of source rocks, conversion kinetics, migration and possible accumulation processes through geological time, along with detection, characterisation, and quantification of sources, fluxes, shallow subsurface interactions and surface leakage of hydrogen (H2) and Helium (He).
- Ore deposits: To meet the growing global demand for metal resources, new methods are required to discover new ore deposits and assess the spatio-temporal and geodynamic characteristics of favourable conditions to generate metallogenic deposits, transport pathways, and host sequences.

Seismic attenuation, which integrates the study of scattering and absorption phenomena, is a physical process that significantly influences the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth, from crust to core, and within planetary bodies. It is also a crucial measurement used in ground motion and seismic source modelling, as well as in hazard assessments. Through the last 40 years, advances in theoretical and computational models, alongside improvements in rock physics measurements, have greatly enhanced our understanding of the physical processes causing and increasing seismic attenuation. Once coupled with the deployment of seismic arrays better suited to measuring seismic amplitudes, these improvements have led to outstanding attenuation tomography models, which give us unprecedented insight into the structure of the crust, mantle, and core. Today, we can distinguish between coherent and incoherent contributions to seismic attenuation, allowing us to apply techniques developed in atmospheric and nuclear physics to measure and image attenuation at all Earth scales.
This session will bring together experts in the field of seismic attenuation. The session will focus on:
• Theoretical and open-source computational advancements in understanding and modelling viscoelastic wave propagation, including seismic scattering and seismic absorption, in heterogeneous media;
• Techniques that utilise seismic attenuation to eliminate trade-offs in seismic source measurements;
• Understanding the impact of seismic attenuation on earthquake ground motion as a function of both distance and frequency;
• Measurements and data processing techniques to obtain total, scattering and intrinsic attenuation parameters within rocks, crustal faults and fractures, and planetary bodies;
• Research linking seismic attenuation to the conversion of energy into other forms, such as heat, especially in the context of geothermal resources and volcanic hazard assessment;
• Tomographic methods using seismic attenuation, scattering, and absorption as attributes, including in combination with seismic velocity, to understand and interpret the Earth's structure and dynamics.

Seismic attenuation, which integrates the study of scattering and absorption phenomena, is a physical process that significantly influences the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth, from crust to core, and within planetary bodies. It is also a crucial measurement used in ground motion and seismic source modelling, as well as in hazard assessments. Through the last 40 years, advances in theoretical and computational models, alongside improvements in rock physics measurements, have greatly enhanced our understanding of the physical processes causing and increasing seismic attenuation. Once coupled with the deployment of seismic arrays better suited to measuring seismic amplitudes, these improvements have led to outstanding attenuation tomography models, which give us unprecedented insight into the structure of the crust, mantle, and core. Today, we can distinguish between coherent and incoherent contributions to seismic attenuation, allowing us to apply techniques developed in atmospheric and nuclear physics to measure and image attenuation at all Earth scales.
This session will bring together experts in the field of seismic attenuation. The session will focus on:
• Theoretical and open-source computational advancements in understanding and modelling viscoelastic wave propagation, including seismic scattering and seismic absorption, in heterogeneous media;
• Techniques that utilise seismic attenuation to eliminate trade-offs in seismic source measurements;
• Understanding the impact of seismic attenuation on earthquake ground motion as a function of both distance and frequency;
• Measurements and data processing techniques to obtain total, scattering and intrinsic attenuation parameters within rocks, crustal faults and fractures, and planetary bodies;
• Research linking seismic attenuation to the conversion of energy into other forms, such as heat, especially in the context of geothermal resources and volcanic hazard assessment;
• Tomographic methods using seismic attenuation, scattering, and absorption as attributes, including in combination with seismic velocity, to understand and interpret the Earth's structure and dynamics.

The development of petrophysical models, which link geophysical measurements such as electrical conductivity or seismic velocity to subsurface parameters like fluid content and hydraulic properties, is critical for characterizing subsurface properties and informing geological reservoir, hydrological, and biogeochemical studies. As geophysical techniques evolve, particularly with the rise of distributed monitoring systems, their application extends beyond static measurements. Increasingly, they are used to study dynamic processes such as fluid flow, solute transport, and biogeochemical reactions. These developments highlight the necessity of refining petrophysical relationships through multidisciplinary approaches that combine theoretical, laboratory, and field-scale studies. Each geophysical method has its own resolution and depth constraints, while complex relationships between physical properties and interfacial, geometrical, and biogeochemical characteristics further complicate the scaling of laboratory experiments to field applications, making it vital to establish accurate, adaptable petrophysical models.

This session invites contributions from diverse research communities to explore new petrophysical models, numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, and field case studies. We aim to foster interdisciplinary discussions on advancing petrophysical relationships and improving our understanding of complex subsurface processes across a wide range of natural and engineering settings, including low-carbon energy technologies and subsurface storage solutions. We encourage submissions focused on georeservoir studies that combine insights from geomechanics, geochemistry, petrophysics, and material science. Additionally, we welcome submissions on the development of cutting-edge experimental apparatus, novel sensor technologies, and innovative methods for simulating in-situ conditions.

The session covers all methods and case histories related to measuring, processing and modelling potential field anomalies for geological, environmental and resources purposes. It will concern gravity and magnetic data from satellite missions to airborne and detailed ground-based arrays. Contributions presenting instrumental, theoretical and computational advances of data modelling/processing techniques as well as new case studies of geophysical and geological interest are welcome. This session will also encourage presentations on compilation methods of heterogenous data sets, multiscale and multidisciplinary approaches for natural resources exploration and geological gas storage purposes, and other environmental applications. Potential field applications in exploration and geological interpretation of magnetic anomalies, jointly with other geodata, are warmly welcome.

The session is a tribute to Jean-Pierre Valet (1954 – 2024). We kindly invite contributions in the field of geomagnetism, and paleomagnetism, including topics related to the Earth's geodynamic, short- and long-term variations of the Earth’s magnetic field or any kind of contribution that the innovator and revolutionary scientific output of Jean-Pierre have inspired.

The recent methodological and instrumental advances in paleomagnetism further increased its already high potential in solving geological, geophysical, and tectonic problems. Indirect records from archaeological materials, volcanic rocks, sediments, and speleothems are essential for studying the ancient geomagnetic field, covering different time scales, from secular variation to magnetic reversals. In this session, we welcome abstracts that contribute to the advancement of our understanding of geomagnetic field variations in terms of time scale (short and long) and spatial scale (e.g., magnetic anomalies). Also welcome are contributions combining paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data, showing novel approaches in data evaluation and modelling to reconstruct and analyze paleogeography on the regional to global scale across all timescales.

The study of rock magnetism in both natural and synthetic materials provides valuable insights into the magnetic properties of iron-bearing minerals and their responses to various physical, chemical, and environmental processes.
This session aims to serve as an open forum for the exploration of magnetism in natural materials in its most comprehensive sense. We seek studies that investigate the magnetic properties of minerals found in diverse terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks. The goal is to apply this knowledge to tackle key challenges in Earth and planetary sciences and broaden the scope of their applications in geosciences.

Numerous cases of induced/triggered seismicity resulting either directly or indirectly from injection/extraction associated with anthropogenic activity related to geo-resources exploration have been reported in the last decades. Induced earthquakes felt by the general public can often negatively affect public perception of geo-energies and may lead to the cancellation of important projects. Furthermore, large earthquakes may jeopardize wellbore stability and damage surface infrastructure. Thus, monitoring and modeling processes leading to fault slip, either seismic or aseismic, are critical to developing effective and reliable forecasting methodologies during deep underground exploitation. The complex interaction between injected fluids, subsurface geology, stress interactions, and resulting fault slip requires an interdisciplinary approach to understand the triggering mechanisms, and may require taking coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes into account.
In this session, we invite contributions from research aimed at investigating the interaction of the above processes during exploitation of underground resources, including hydrocarbon extraction, wastewater disposal, geothermal energy exploitation, hydraulic fracturing, gas storage and production, mining, and reservoir impoundment for hydro-energy. We particularly encourage novel contributions based on laboratory and underground near-fault experiments, numerical modeling, the spatio-temporal relationship between seismic properties, injection/extraction parameters, and/or geology, and fieldwork. Contributions covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of induced and triggered seismicity at multiple spatial and temporal scales are welcome.

Many regions of the Earth, from crust to core, exhibit anisotropic fabrics which can reveal much about geodynamic processes in the subsurface. These fabrics can exist at a variety of scales, from crystallographic orientations to regional structure alignments. In the past few decades, a tremendous body of multidisciplinary research has been dedicated to characterizing anisotropy in the solid Earth and understanding its geodynamical implications. This has included work in fields such as: (1) geophysics, to make in situ observations and construct models of anisotropic properties at a range of depths; (2) mineral physics, to explain the cause of some of these observations; and (3) numerical modelling, to relate the inferred fabrics to regional stress and flow regimes and, thus, geodynamic processes in the Earth. The study of anisotropy in the Solid Earth encompasses topics so diverse that it often appears fragmented according to regions of interest, e.g., the upper or lower crust, oceanic lithosphere, continental lithosphere, cratons, subduction zones, D'', or the inner core. The aim of this session is to bring together scientists working on different aspects of mechanical anisotropy to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We encourage contributions from all disciplines of the earth sciences (including mineral physics, seismology, magnetotellurics, geodynamic modelling) focused on mechanical anisotropy at all scales and depths within the Earth.

Petrophysics and geomechanics have been critical tools in the exploitation of naturally occurring fossil fuels. Now that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels towards sustainable energy and material sources, these same methods still have critical roles to play. The methods remain the same – it is only their applications that have changed, helping to drive the globe towards net zero and beyond. Conventional petrophysics and geomechanics are being applied to new challenges, ensuring that the wheel does not need reinventing.

The aim of this session is to explore and foster the contribution of petrophysics and geomechanics to improve development of sustainable energy and material resources in the transition to low-carbon energy and net zero.

Papers should show research or deployment involving theory, concept, measurement, modelling, testing, validation the deployment of petrophysics and/or geomechanics, from/across angström to basin scales, that has the potential for driving us towards net zero, including pore-scale processes that link fluid flow, geochemistry and geomechanical properties, and studies linking petrophysical and geomechanical properties across multiple scales.

Applications include, but are not limited to, (i) carbon capture and storage, (ii) subsurface energy storage, (iii) geothermal energy, (iv) non-carbon gas exploitation (e.g. helium and white hydrogen), (v) wind energy, (vi) hydroelectric energy, (vi) solar energy, (vii) battery storage for smoothing of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES). In each case including provision of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt, neodymium), engineering and groundwater flow are included.

Approaches may include laboratory measurement, field studies, multi-scale imaging, pore-scale and DRM modelling, reactive flow, reservoir modelling, 3D quantification and dynamic simulation, fracture modelling, heat flow quantification and modelling, reservoir integrity cap-rock studies, quantitative evaluation of porosity, permeability or any other properties or approach.

Geological and geophysical data sets convey observations of physical processes governing the Earth’s evolution. Such data sets are widely varied and range from the internal structure of the Earth, plate kinematics, composition of geomaterials, estimation of physical conditions, dating of key geological events, thermal state of the Earth to more shallow processes such as natural and "engineered" reservoir dynamics in the subsurface.

The complexity in the physics of geological processes arises from their multi-physics nature, as they combine hydrological, thermal, chemical and mechanical processes. Multi-physics couplings are prone to nonlinear interactions ultimately leading to spontaneous localisation of flow and deformation. Understanding the couplings among those processes therefore requires the development of appropriate numerical tools.

Integrating high-quality data into physics-based predictive numerical simulations may lead to further constraining unknown key parameters within the models. Innovative inversion strategies, linking forward dynamic models with observables, and combining PDE solvers with machine-learning via differentiable programming is therefore an important research topic that will improve our knowledge of the governing physical parameters.

We invite contributions from the following two complementary themes:

#1 Computational advances associated with
- Alternative spatial and/or temporal discretisation for existing forward/inverse models
- Scalable HPC implementations of new and existing methodologies (GPUs / multi-core)
- Solver and preconditioner developments
- Combining PDEs with AI / Machine learning-based approaches (physics-informed ML)
- Automatic differentiation (AD) and differentiable programming
- Code and methodology comparisons (benchmarks)

#2 Physics advances associated with
- Development of partial differential equations to describe geological processes
- Inversion strategies and adjoint-based modelling
- Numerical model validation through comparison with observables (data)
- Scientific discovery enabled by 2D and 3D modelling
- Utilisation of coupled models to explore nonlinear interactions

The research output presented in this session can be submitted to the ongoing Special Issue (SI) in the EGU journal of Geoscientific Model Development (GMD): https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net/articles_and_preprints/scheduled_sis.html

A variety of geophysical and geological observational techniques are now mature enough to provide valuable insights into the influence that mantle convection has on Earth' surface and its core. Current challenges include the need to reconcile different spatial resolutions between models and observations, uneven data coverage and the determination of appropriate sampling and simulation scales. This session will provide a holistic view of the influence of mantle convection on core dynamics and surface expressions from geodetic to geological time scales using multi-disciplinary methods, including (but not limited to): geodetic, geophysical, geological, long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field, Earth's core dynamics magnetism and the seismic imaging of mantle convective processes, as well as numerical modeling.

Our session will provide rich opportunities for presenters and attendees from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and multidisciplinary problem in Earth science.

This session invites contributions in the field of electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods, covering applications across a broad spectrum of scales—from near-surface investigations to deep mantle studies. We welcome research focused on advancing instrumentation and data acquisition techniques that enable more precise measurements, as well as innovations in mathematical and numerical methods that enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data processing, modeling, and inversion. These methods should be applicable to a wide range of settings, including ground-based, offshore, airborne, and satellite-based missions. Key areas of interest include, but are not limited to, studies utilizing EM techniques for:

1. The use of natural and controlled EM sources for geophysical research.
2. Global electromagnetic induction and its implications for understanding Earth's conductivity and its internal structure.
3. Regional-scale imaging, particularly in tectonic, magmatic, or volcanic systems, which may involve tracking changes in geological features over time.
4. Applications aimed at resource exploration, such as the detection and characterization of hydrocarbon, geothermal, and mineral resources.
5. Investigations into the near-surface structure for applications relevant to environmental monitoring, urban development, and hydrological studies.
6. Studies on geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and their effects on technological infrastructure.
7. Investigations into space weather phenomena and their interactions with the Earth’s magnetosphere.
8. Research related to the geomagnetic field, leveraging data from observatories and long-term monitoring stations to explore its dynamics and secular variations.

We are also interested in contributions that integrate EM methods with other disciplines, particularly multi-disciplinary studies that combine data from rock physics, geophysical techniques (seismic, gravity, etc.), geochemical analyses, and geological investigations. Such integration is critical for unraveling the complexities of subsurface structures and their temporal evolution. We aim to bring together researchers and practitioners working across diverse scales and applications of EM geophysical methods, encouraging the exchange of ideas, methodologies, and findings that push the boundaries of current knowledge and technological capability.

Mitigating earthquake disasters involves several key components and stages, from identifying and assessing risk to reducing their impact. These components include: a) Long-term and time-dependent analysis of hazards: anticipating the space-time characteristics of ground shaking and its cascading events. b) Vulnerability and exposure assessment c) Risk management: preparedness, rescue, recovery, and overall resilience. A variety of seismic hazard and risk models can be adopted, at different spatial and temporal scale, that incorporate diverse observations and require multi-disciplinary input. Testing and validating these methodologies, for all risk components, is essential for effective disaster mitigation.
From the real-time integration of multi-parametric observations is expected the major contribution to the development of operational time-Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard (t-DASH) systems, suitable for supporting decision makers with continuously updated seismic hazard scenarios. A very preliminary step in this direction is the identification of those parameters (seismological, chemical, physical, etc.) whose space-time dynamics and/or anomalous variability can be, to some extent, associated with the complex process of preparation of major earthquakes.
This session includes studies on various aspects of seismic risk research and assessment, observations and/or data analysis methods within the t-DASH and Short-term Earthquakes Forecast perspectives:
- Studies on time-dependent seismic hazard and risk assessments
- Development of physical/statistical models and studies based on long-term data analyses, including different conditions of seismic activity
- Application of AI to assess earthquake risk factors (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability). Exploring innovative data collection and processing techniques, such as statistical machine learning
- Estimating earthquake hazard and risk across different temporal and spatial scales and assessing the accuracy of these models against available observations
- Earthquake-induced cascading effects such as landslides and tsunamis, and multi-risk assessments
- Studies devoted to the description of genetic models of earthquake’s precursory phenomena
- Infrastructures devoted to maintain and further develop our present observational capabilities of earthquake related phenomena also contributing to build a global multi-parametric Earthquakes Observing System (EQuOS) to complement the existing GEOSS initiative

Launched in November 2013, the ESA Earth Explorer Swarm satellite trio has provided, for one solar cycle, continuous accurate measurements of the magnetic field, accompanied by plasma and electric field measurements, precise navigation, and accelerometer observations.
The polar-orbiting Swarm satellites are augmented with absolute magnetic scalar and vector data from the low-inclination Macau Science Satellite 1 (MSS-1, since May 2023, 41° inclination, covering all Local Times within 2 months) and with absolute scalar field measurements from the CSES satellite (since 2018, fixed 02/14 LT near-polar orbit) which significantly extend the data coverage in space and time.
In addition, the ESA Scout NanoMagSat constellation consisting of one near-polar and two 60° inclination satellites, is now also in the pipeline, with a sequence of launches planned to start at the end of 2027 for full operation in 2028. It will acquire absolute vector magnetic data at 1 Hz, very low noise scalar and vector magnetic field data at 2 kHz, electron density data at 2 kHz and electron temperature data at 1 Hz. It will also acquire navigation data, enabling top-side TEC retrieval, and collect ionospheric radio-occultation profiles.

This session invites contributions on investigations in geomagnetism, ionospheric and thermospheric sciences related to Earth and near-Earth processes, with focus on existing and planned Low-Earth-Orbiting satellites. Combined analyses of satellite- and ground-based or model data are welcome.

Tectonic faults accommodate plate motion through various styles of seismic and aseismic slip spanning a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Understanding the mechanics and interplay between seismic rupture and aseismic slip is central to seismotectonics as it determines the seismic potential of faults. In particular, unraveling the underlying physics controlling these deformation styles bears a great deal in earthquake hazard mitigation, especially in highly urbanized regions. We invite contributions from observational, experimental, geological, and theoretical studies that explore the diversity and interplay among seismic and aseismic slip phenomena in various tectonic settings, including the following questions: (1) How does the nature of creeping faults change with the style of faulting, fluids, loading rate, and other factors? (2) Are different slip behaviors well separated in space, or can the same fault areas experience different failure modes? (3) Is there a systematic spatial or temporal relation between different types of slip?

The session is a tribute to Jean-Pierre Valet (1954 – 2024). We kindly invite contributions in the field of geomagnetism, and paleomagnetism, including topics related to the Earth's geodynamic, short- and long-term variations of the Earth’s magnetic field or any kind of contribution that the innovator and revolutionary scientific output of Jean-Pierre have inspired.

The recent methodological and instrumental advances in paleomagnetism further increased its already high potential in solving geological, geophysical, and tectonic problems. Indirect records from archaeological materials, volcanic rocks, sediments, and speleothems are essential for studying the ancient geomagnetic field, covering different time scales, from secular variation to magnetic reversals. In this session, we welcome abstracts that contribute to the advancement of our understanding of geomagnetic field variations in terms of time scale (short and long) and spatial scale (e.g., magnetic anomalies). Also welcome are contributions combining paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data, showing novel approaches in data evaluation and modelling to reconstruct and analyze paleogeography on the regional to global scale across all timescales.

The study of rock magnetism in both natural and synthetic materials provides valuable insights into the magnetic properties of iron-bearing minerals and their responses to various physical, chemical, and environmental processes.
This session aims to serve as an open forum for the exploration of magnetism in natural materials in its most comprehensive sense. We seek studies that investigate the magnetic properties of minerals found in diverse terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks. The goal is to apply this knowledge to tackle key challenges in Earth and planetary sciences and broaden the scope of their applications in geosciences.

Mitigating earthquake disasters involves several key components and stages, from identifying and assessing risk to reducing their impact. These components include: a) Long-term and time-dependent analysis of hazards: anticipating the space-time characteristics of ground shaking and its cascading events. b) Vulnerability and exposure assessment c) Risk management: preparedness, rescue, recovery, and overall resilience. A variety of seismic hazard and risk models can be adopted, at different spatial and temporal scale, that incorporate diverse observations and require multi-disciplinary input. Testing and validating these methodologies, for all risk components, is essential for effective disaster mitigation.
From the real-time integration of multi-parametric observations is expected the major contribution to the development of operational time-Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard (t-DASH) systems, suitable for supporting decision makers with continuously updated seismic hazard scenarios. A very preliminary step in this direction is the identification of those parameters (seismological, chemical, physical, etc.) whose space-time dynamics and/or anomalous variability can be, to some extent, associated with the complex process of preparation of major earthquakes.
This session includes studies on various aspects of seismic risk research and assessment, observations and/or data analysis methods within the t-DASH and Short-term Earthquakes Forecast perspectives:
- Studies on time-dependent seismic hazard and risk assessments
- Development of physical/statistical models and studies based on long-term data analyses, including different conditions of seismic activity
- Application of AI to assess earthquake risk factors (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability). Exploring innovative data collection and processing techniques, such as statistical machine learning
- Estimating earthquake hazard and risk across different temporal and spatial scales and assessing the accuracy of these models against available observations
- Earthquake-induced cascading effects such as landslides and tsunamis, and multi-risk assessments
- Studies devoted to the description of genetic models of earthquake’s precursory phenomena
- Infrastructures devoted to maintain and further develop our present observational capabilities of earthquake related phenomena also contributing to build a global multi-parametric Earthquakes Observing System (EQuOS) to complement the existing GEOSS initiative

A variety of geophysical and geological observational techniques are now mature enough to provide valuable insights into the influence that mantle convection has on Earth' surface and its core. Current challenges include the need to reconcile different spatial resolutions between models and observations, uneven data coverage and the determination of appropriate sampling and simulation scales. This session will provide a holistic view of the influence of mantle convection on core dynamics and surface expressions from geodetic to geological time scales using multi-disciplinary methods, including (but not limited to): geodetic, geophysical, geological, long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field, Earth's core dynamics magnetism and the seismic imaging of mantle convective processes, as well as numerical modeling.

Our session will provide rich opportunities for presenters and attendees from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and multidisciplinary problem in Earth science.