This session invites multi-disciplinary, multi-scale contributions integrating seafloor mapping and sampling and regional geophysical studies that provide important constraints on the life cycle of oceanic lithosphere from formation at mid ocean ridges to destruction in subduction trenches, and all the processes modifying between its birth and death. By studying the seafloor and the underlying oceanic crust and lithosphere across diverse plate tectonic environments, we can gain a deeper appreciation of the role of ocean-plate tectonics for the large-scale structure, evolution and functioning of Earth.

It was the pioneering work of Marie Tharp, who’s physiographic maps of the seafloor revealed some of the largest, yet previously unknown bathymetric features on Earth: mid-ocean ridges, fracture zones, transform faults, seamounts and hotspot tracks, and trenches. Compiling bathymetric profiles along shiptracks, she carried out detailed, systematic mapping and produced a striking visualization of these features, the ‘physiographic diagrams’, that had a profound and lasting contribution to plate tectonics and marine geosciences. Today, initiatives such as the Nippon Foundation - GEBCO Seabed 2030 project and IODP 2050 open new avenues to address unresolved questions in oceanic plate tectonics, in addition to mapping and filling the gaps in the world ocean’s bathymetric maps.

Contributions to this session may address (but are not limited to) the following questions:

how does oceanic crust form at both fast and slow spreading mid-ocean ridges?
what controls seafloor morphology and how the different processes interact?
how does the asthenospheric mantle get structurally exhumed at ultraslow spreading ridges
how do subduction zones initiate?
how do marginal and full-scale ocean basins evolve?
how does oceanic crust accrete and vary along ~60,000 km of the mid-ocean ridges?
how is oceanic crust chemically, physically, and biologically altered as it matures; and what fraction may or may not be recycled into the mantle?
why is the oceanic crust so variable if the process forming it is the same in principle?

Geomechanics has been demonstrated over the past 30 years as having key importance for the safe and sustainable usage of underground environments. In particular, knowledge of geomechanics is critical for exploration and production of geothermal energy, groundwater, hydrocarbon, and mineral resources. Geomechanics play the central role in any underground storage (such as natural gas, CO2 and H2) and disposal of nuclear or toxic waste. The main goal of this session is therefore to bring together researchers from various engineering and geo-disciplines to share their knowledge in recent advancements in experimental, numerical, theoretical and field application of geomechanics. A particular focus is on the large uncertainties that are often associated with geomechanical measurements or models. In addition to abstracts that exclusively aim at uncertainty quantification and/or reduction at least a discussion of uncertainties is encouraged in every abstract.

Scientific drilling through the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) continues to provide unique opportunities to investigate the workings of the interior of our planet, Earth’s cycles, natural hazards and the distribution of subsurface microbial life. The past and current scientific drilling programs have brought major advances in many multidisciplinary fields of socio-economic relevance, such as climate and ecosystem evolution, palaeoceanography, the deep biosphere, deep crustal and tectonic processes, geodynamics and geohazards. This session invites contributions that present and/or review recent scientific results from deep Earth sampling and monitoring through ocean and continental drilling projects. Furthermore, we encourage contributions that outline perspectives and visions for future drilling projects, in particular projects using a multi-platform approach.

After the PhD, a new challenge begins: finding a position where you can continue your research or a
job outside academia where you can apply your advanced skills. This task is not
always easy, and frequently a general overview of the available positions is missing. Furthermore,
in some divisions, up to 70% of PhD graduates will go into work outside of academia. There are many
different careers which require or benefit from a research background. But often, students and
early career scientists struggle to make the transition due to reduced support and networking.
In this panel discussion, scientists with a range of backgrounds give their advice on where to find
jobs, how to transition between academia and industry and what are the pros and cons of a career
inside and outside of academia.
In the final section of the short course, a Q+A will provide the audience with a chance to ask
their questions to the panel. This panel discussion is aimed at early career scientists but anyone
with an interest in a change of career will find it useful. An extension of this short course will
run in the networking and early career scientist lounge, for further in-depth or
one-on-one questions with panel members.

The dynamics and evolution of Earth’s surface and interior are controlled by a spectrum of processes covering a wide range of length (i.e. from kilometers down to a few ångströms) and time scales (i.e. from billions of years down to picoseconds). Microstructures in planetary materials (e.g., fabrics, textures, grain sizes and distributions, shapes, cracks etc) can be used to infer, identify, and quantify metamorphic, magmatic or diagenetic processes. Coupling these microscale processes with larger scale, planetary phenomena (e.g. formation of plate boundaries or mantle convection) remains one of the key challenges in solid Earth geosciences. Fundamentally, processes such as grain size reduction, grain growth, phase changes, and the development of crystallographic preferred orientations modify the rheological properties of rocks and minerals, providing key information on the dynamics of small- to large-scale geodynamic processes. In this session, we invite contributions investigating microstructures and textures in field samples, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling with the aim to constrain deformation processes of Earth’s surface and interior across multiple length scales.

Understanding the current and past state of stress is key to comprehend the rheological behavior of the crust, with numerous implications spanning from geodynamics to microstructure developments, and applications spanning from seismogenesis to resource distribution. The current state of stress is mainly assessed on seismic focal mechanisms, fault monitoring and slip inversion, borehole failure and imaging, and methods such as hydraulic fracturing to determine the magnitude of the applied stress. Paleopiezometry techniques rely on experimental and/or analytical approaches that link a finite deformation to an applied stress magnitude. Such technique allows to reconstruct past stress magnitude, orientation and regime on long time-scales. This session aims at picturing the state-of-the-art of the stress determination in the crust, whether it is the current stress or the past stress. We welcome any contribution that reconstructs regional state of stress in the crust by the mean of current measurement or paleopiezometry techniques, and that uses experimental or analytical/numerical approaches to predict stress distribution in rocks.

Faults and fracture zones are fundamental features of geological reservoirs that control the physical properties of the rock. As such, understanding their role in in-situ fluid behaviour and fluid-rock interactions can generate considerable advantages during exploration and management of reservoirs and repositories.

Physical properties such as frictional strength, cohesion and permeability of the rock impact deformation processes, rock failure and fault/fracture (re-)activation. Faults and fractures create fluid pathways for fluid flow and allow for increased fluid-rock interaction.

The presence of fluids circulating within a fault or fracture network can expose the host rocks to significant alterations of the mechanical and transport properties. This in turn can either increase or decrease the transmissibility of a fracture network, which has implications on the viability and suitability of subsurface energy and storage projects. Thus, it is important to understand how fluid-rock interactions within faults and fractures may alter the physical properties of the system during the operation of such projects. This is of particular interest in the case of faults as the injection/ remobilisation of fluids may affect fault/fracture stability, and therefore increase the risk of induced seismicity and leakage.

Fieldwork observations, monitoring and laboratory measurements foster fundamental understanding of relevant properties, parameters and processes, which provide important inputs to numerical models (see session “Faults and fractures in geoenergy applications 1: Numerical modelling and simulation”) in order to simulate processes or upscale to the reservoir scale. A predictive knowledge of fault zone structures and transmissibility can have an enormous impact on the viability of geothermal, carbon capture, energy and waste storage projects.

We encourage researchers on applied or interdisciplinary energy studies associated with low carbon technologies to come forward for this session. We look forward to interdisciplinary studies which use a combination of methods to analyse rock deformation processes and the role of faults and fractures in subsurface energy systems, including but not restricted to outcrop studies, monitoring studies, subsurface data analysis and laboratory measurements. We are also interested in research across several different scales and addressing the knowledge gap between laboratory scale measurements and reservoir scale processes.

The goal of this session is to reconcile short-time/small-scale and long-time/large-scale observations, including geodynamic processes such as subduction, collision, rifting, or mantle lithosphere interactions. Despite the remarkable advances in experimental rock mechanics, the implications of rock-mechanics data for large temporal and spatial scale tectonic processes are still not straightforward, since the latter are strongly controlled by local lithological stratification of the lithosphere, its thermal structure, fluid content, tectonic heritage, metamorphic reactions, and deformation rates.

Mineral reactions have mechanical effects that may result in the development of pressure variations and thus are critical for interpreting microstructural and mineral composition observations. Such effects may fundamentally influence element transport properties and rheological behavior.
Here, we encourage presentations focused on the interplay between metamorphic processes and deformation on all scales, on the rheological behavior of crustal and mantle rocks, and time scales of metamorphic reactions in order to discuss
(1) how and when up to GPa-level differential stress and pressure variations can be built and maintained at geological timescales and modeling of such systems,
(2) deviations from lithostatic pressure during metamorphism: fact or fiction?
(3) the impact of deviations from lithostatic pressure on geodynamic reconstructions.
(4) the effect of porous fluid and partial melting on the long-term strength.
We, therefore, invite the researchers from different domains (rock mechanics, petrographic observations, geodynamic and thermo-mechanical modeling) to share their views on the way forward for improving our knowledge of the long-term rheology and chemo-thermo-mechanical behavior of the lithosphere and mantle.

Reactions between fluids and rocks have a fundamental impact on many of the natural and geo-engineering processes in crustal settings. Examples of such natural processes are localization of deformation, earthquake nucleation caused by high pressure fluid pulses, as well as metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening triggered by fluid flow, metasomatism and fluid-mediated mass transport. Moreover, the efficiency of many geo-engineering processes is partly dependent on fluid-rock interactions, such as hydraulic fracturing, geothermal energy recovery, CO2 storage and wastewater injection. All our observations in the rock record are the end-product of all metamorphic, metasomatic and deformation changes that occurred during the interaction with fluid. Therefore, to investigate and understand these complex and interconnected processes, it is required to merge knowledge and techniques deriving from several disciplines of the geosciences.
We invite multidisciplinary contributions that investigate fluid-rock interactions throughout the entire breadth of the topic, using fieldwork, microstructural and petrographic analyses, geochemistry, experimental rock mechanics, thermodynamic modeling and numerical modeling.

This session aims to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanical, structural, and seismic properties of the lower crust and upper mantle. Earth’s lithosphere is defined by its rheological and mechanical stability. Both shear localization and seismic instabilities are frequently observed through regional seismicity, laboratory experiments, numerical models,, and field observations, e.g., pseudotachylyte-bearing faults. In contrast to the shallow crust, dominated by brittle deformation, localized faulting, and frictional sliding, deformation observed in the mid- to lower- crust and upper mantle often displays localized faulting alongside more distributed flow and evidence for a variable mix of brittle and plastic deformation mechanisms. Because brittle and plastic deformation take place simultaneously over different time scales, the interplay between them is complex, and the resulting semi-brittle deformation style is still poorly understood. However, numerous enigmatic deformation phenomena, including slow-slip and lower crustal earthquakes, coincide with depths that either fall within, or mark the boundaries of, the semi-brittle field -- the brittle to ductile and the ductile to plastic transitions. We encourage geoscientists from across experimental geophysics, structural geology, seismology, and geodynamics with an interest in the interplay between different deformation mechanisms to contribute to this session.

Imaging both fluid-filled fault networks and surrounding heterogeneous crust with geophysical methods is especially challenging. In these settings, fluids interact with deformation-induced seismic sources, influencing both nucleation and development of seismic sequences.

Imaging and characterizing both seismogenic structures and elastic and anelastic properties of the surrounding medium is key to understanding wider tectonic and small-scale deformation processes. Understanding the geometry and kinematics of crustal-scale faults from field observations is also critical for many green-energy applications (e.g., geothermal energy, CO2 storage, mining for minerals important for battery production). This session aims to provide an overview of techniques and applications aimed at characterizing both active and ancient seismogenic fault networks at local and regional scales.
In this session we aim to bring together passive and active-source seismologists to discuss new studies that image and characterize seismically active and ancient faults and fault networks. We welcome contributions from velocity tomography, attenuation tomography (coda, t* method, direct wave attenuation), source imaging and characterization (absolute and relative location techniques, focal mechanism and stress drop analysis, …), active-source seismic techniques (reflection, refraction, integrated drilling data, …), along with multidisciplinary studies. We particularly welcome contributions from early-career researchers and those using novel techniques (e.g., data mining and machine learning).

Naturally fractured reservoirs are of great importance in various disciplines such as hydrogeology, hydrocarbon reservoir management, nuclear waste repositories, CO2 storage and geothermal reservoir engineering. This session addresses novel ideas as well as established concepts for the representation and numerical simulation of discontinuities and processes in fractured media.
The presence of fractures modifies the bulk physical properties of the original media by many orders of magnitudes and often introduces strongly nonlinear behaviour. Fractures also provide the main flow and transport pathways in the rock mass, dominating over the permeability of the rock matrix and creating anisotropic flow fields and transport.
Numerical modelling of such systems is especially challenging and often requires creative new ideas and solutions, for example the use of stochastic models. Understanding the hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractures and fracture networks thus is crucial for predicting the movement of any fluid such as water, air, hydrocarbons, or CO2.
The geologist toolboxes for modelling fractured rocks and simulating processes in fractured media experiences constant extension and improvement. Contributions are especially welcome from the following topics:

• Deterministic or stochastic approaches for structural construction of fractured media
• Continuous or discontinuous (DFN) modelling methods representing static hydraulic and/or mechanical characteristics of fractured media
• Simulation of dynamic processes, hydraulic and/or mechanical behaviour and THMC coupling in fractured media
• Deterministic and stochastic inversion methods for calibrating numerical models of fractured media
• Numerical modelling concepts of accounting for fractured properties specifically in groundwater, petroleum or geothermal management applications

We encourage researchers to elaborate on applied projects on the role of faults and fractures in subsurface energy systems in our session. We are interested in research across different scales and disciplines and welcome warmly ECS.
With field and laboratory studies from the same subjects please refer to our co-session ERE 5.2 “Faults and fractures in geoenergy applications – monitoring, laboratory and field work results".

Numerical modeling of earthquakes provides new approaches to apprehend the physics of earthquake rupture and the seismic cycle, seismic wave propagation, fault zone evolution and seismic hazard assessment.
Recent advances in numerical algorithms and increasing computational power enable unforeseen precision and multi-physics components in physics-based earthquake simulation but also pose challenges in terms of fully exploiting modern supercomputing infrastructure, realistic parameterization of simulation ingredients and the analysis of large synthetic datasets while advances in laboratory experiments link earthquake source processes to rock mechanics.
This session aims to bring together modelers and data analysts interested in the physics and computational aspects of earthquake phenomena and earthquake engineering. We welcome studies focusing on all aspects of seismic hazard assessment and the physics of earthquakes - from slow slip events, fault mechanics and rupture dynamics, to wave propagation and ground motion analysis, to the seismic cycle and inter seismic deformation - and studies which further the state-of-the art in the related computational and numerical aspects.

The Mediterranean region holds a plate boundary zone undergoing final closure between two major plates, Africa and Eurasia. The active tectonics and geodynamics of the Mediterranean region result from the interaction of subduction and collision processes, deformation of the slabs, mantle flow, and extrusion of crustal blocks. These geodynamic processes have a transient nature and their changes affect the regional tectonics.

This session focuses on two aspects of the Mediterranean recent active tectonics and geodynamics:
(1) how (active) geodynamic mechanisms define the current structure and recent evolution of Mediterranean Arc systems.
(2) how the surface deformation is accommodated, both on fault local scale (e.g. the seismic cycle and kinematics of active faults) and in the larger (e.g. regional kinematics and relation the surface deformation to the deeper processes).

We welcome contributions from a wide range of disciplines including, but not limited to seismology, tectonic geodesy, remote sensing, paleoseismology, tectonic geomorphology, active tectonics, structural geology, and geodynamic modeling.

We strongly encourage the contribution of early career researchers.

This session is formed by merging of TS sessions: "Active tectonics and geodynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean" & "Recent geodynamic evolution and active tectonics of Mediterranean Arcs"

Regions of slow deformation and low strain, often located in continental interiors or intraplate settings, can present substantial, under-recognised seismic hazards. The styles, rates, and spatial patterns of strain distribution and seismicity in these areas are often dissimilar to plate-boundary regions, where most of our current understanding of deformation drivers was derived. Challenges in studying slowly deforming regions include: 1) poor surface exposure and/or preservation of Quaternary-active structures, 2) long earthquake recurrence intervals, and 3) complex fault geometries, mechanics, and deformation histories, often including reactivation of inherited structures.

Interdisciplinary studies combining a diverse range of geoscientific disciplines have helped us develop a better understanding of drivers of low strain deformation. In this session, we want to explore the roles, behaviours, and associated seismic hazards of short-to-long-term active deformation and key inherited tectonic structures in these regions. We seek studies from around the globe that illuminate our understanding of these complex zones using field-based analyses, geophysics, seismology, active tectonics, geomorphology, remote sensing, numerical and analogue modelling, sedimentology, and geochronology. We particularly encourage interdisciplinary presentations, thought-provoking studies that challenge conventional wisdoms, and submissions from early career researchers.

Since the beginning of the XXI Century, our society has witnessed a number of catastrophic offshore earthquakes with devastating consequences (e.g., Sumatra 2004, Japan 2010, Palu 2018 or Samos-Izmir 2020). Localizing the offshore active faults and understanding their earthquake history is key to improve modern probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) and, thus, to be able to mitigate the consequences of future offshore events.

In the last few years, the development of new geological and geophysical instrumentation has made possible the acquisition of offshore data at various scales with unprecedented detail and resolution, as for example deep and shallow boreholes, wide-angle seismic profiles, tomography, 3D and 2D seismic reflection surveys, or ultra-high-resolution bathymetry. In addition, these instrumentation is also allowing to carry on long-term monitoring (i.e., seismology, seafloor geodesy or pore pressure) and repeat surveys (i.e., time-lapse bathymetry). These new data is leading to achieve major advances in the study of active faults in offshore areas and the characterization of their recent activity, seismogenic potential and related secondary effects (i.e., mass wasting).

The aim of this session is to compile studies that focus on the use of geological and geophysical data to identify offshore active structures, to quantify the deformation that they are producing in the seafloor, to evaluate their seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential, to characterize possibly related secondary effects such as submarine mass transport deposits, and to estimate the related hazards. Accordingly, we welcome studies and/or new perspectives and ideas in marine active tectonics, turbidite paleoseismology, offshore on-fault paleoseismology or tectonic geomorphology, and seismotectonics, from local to regional scale analysis. We also encourage the submission of studies that explore the application of new ideas to estimate coseismic seafloor deformation, to constrain earthquake timing, long-term offshore monitoring of active structures, as well as the application of fault geometrical and kinematic reconstruction to seismic and tsunami hazard analysis.

Tectonic faults accommodate plate motion through various styles of seismic and aseismic slip spanning a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Understanding the mechanics and interplay between seismic rupture and aseismic slip is central to seismotectonics as it determines the seismic potential of faults. In particular, unraveling the underlying physics controlling these styles of deformation bears a great deal in earthquakes hazards mitigation especially in highly urbanized regions. We invite contributions from observational, experimental, geological and theoretical studies that explore the diversity and interplay among seismic and aseismic slip phenomena in various tectonic settings, including the following questions: (1) How does the nature of creeping faults change with the style of faulting, fluids, loading rate, and other factors? (2) Are different slip behaviors well separated in space, or can the same fault areas experience different failure modes? (3) Is there a systematic spatial or temporal relation between different types of slip?

Recently, there have been significant breakthroughs in the use of fiber-optic sensing techniques to interrogate cables at high precision both on land and at sea as well as in boreholes and at the surface. Laser reflectometry using both fit-to-purpose and commercial fiber-optic cables have successfully detected a variety of signals including microseism, local and teleseismic earthquakes, volcanic events, ocean dynamics, etc. Other laser-based techniques can be used to monitor distributed strain, temperature, and even chemicals at a scale and to an extent previously unattainable with conventional geophysical methods.

We welcome any contributions to recent development in the fields of applications, instrumentation, and theoretical advances for geophysics with fiber-optic sensing techniques. These may include - but are not limited to - application of fiber-optic cables or sensors in seismology, geodesy, geophysics, natural hazards, oceanography, urban environment, geothermal application, etc. with an emphasis on laboratory studies, large-scale field tests, and modeling. We also encourage contributions on data analysis techniques, machine learning, data management, instruments performances and comparisons as well as new experimental field studies.

One of the key challenges in earthquake geology is the characterization of the spatial distribution of fault-slip and its partitioning during the coseismic, interseismic, and post-seismic periods. We now have new approaches and techniques for validating the assumption that repeated seismic cycles accommodate the long-term tectonic strain and for disentangling such a complex strain partitioning in both time and space. In fact, the temporal and spatial slip accumulation for an active fault is essential to understand the hazard posed by the fault. As a matter of fact, destructive earthquakes are infrequent along any active fault and this is an inherent limitation to knowledge towards reconstructing the seismic cycle. For example, the occurrence of the 2021 Alaska earthquake Mw 8.2 within the rupture zone of the Mw 8.2 1938 Alaska earthquake, and 2021 Haiti earthquake Mw 7.2 within the same fault zone of the 2010 earthquake Mw 7.0 (which claimed 300,000 lives), reflects how much the characterization of the seismic cycle and earthquakes’ recurrence is critical for cities and regions which are under the constant seismic threat.
Modern techniques such as Remote Sensing, Geodesy, Geomorphology, Paleoseismology, and Geochronology play a vital role in constraining part of or full seismic cycles, with increased accuracy and temporal coverage of the long-term deformation. To fully understand these observations there is a need for a better understanding and integration of such techniques to be applied across different fault systems, globally.
The goal of this session is to bring together innovative approaches and techniques, to take a comprehensive look at the earthquake cycle for plate boundary fault systems to fault systems sitting far away from the plate boundary.

Earthquake swarms are characterized by a complex temporal evolution and a delayed occurrence of the largest magnitude event. In addition, seismicity often manifests with intense foreshock activity or develops in more complex sequences where doublets or triplets of large comparable magnitude earthquakes occur. The difference between earthquake swarms and these complex sequences is subtle and usually flagged as such only a posteriori. This complexity derives from aseismic transient forcing acting on top of the long-term tectonic loading: pressurization of crustal fluids, slow-slip and creeping events, and at volcanoes, magmatic processes (i.e. dike and sill intrusions or magma degassing). From an observational standpoint, these complex sequences in volcanic and tectonic regions share many similarities: seismicity rate fluctuations, earthquakes migration, and activation of large seismogenic volume despite the usual small seismic moment released. The underlying mechanisms are local increases of the pore-pressure, loading/stressing rate due to aseismic processes (creeping, slow slip events), magma-induced stress changes, earthquake-earthquake interaction via static stress transfer or a combination of those. Yet, the physics behind such processes and the ultimate reasons for the occurrence of swarm-like rather than mainshock-aftershocks sequences, is still far beyond a full understanding.

This session aims at putting together studies of swarms and complex seismic sequences driven by aseismic transients in order to enhance our insights on the physics of such processes. Contributions focusing on the characterization of these sequences in terms of spatial and temporal evolution, scaling properties, and insight on the triggering physical processes are welcome. Multidisciplinary studies using observation complementary to seismological data, such as fluid geochemistry, deformation, and geology are also welcome, as well as laboratory and numerical modeling simulating the mechanical condition yielding to swarm-like and complex seismic sequences.

Geomorphic and geologic observations at the Earth's surface reflect the combined effects of mantle, lithospheric, and surface processes. Hence surface observations provide important constraints on mantle convection patterns and plume-plate interactions both at plate boundaries and in intraplate settings through space and time. These observations complement geophysical data and are important constraints for theoretical models and numerical simulations. For instance, at plate boundaries, surface observations can provide key constraints on the rheology and kinematics of lithospheric and mantle processes. In both plate boundary and intraplate settings, mantle plumes can trigger continental rifting and break-up, subduction initiation, orogeny, microcontinent formation, and/or the development of dynamic topography. However, using surface observations to constrain mantle processes is complicated by (1) our as yet incomplete understanding of how mantle dynamics manifest at the surface, and (2) spatio-temporal variations in tectonic processes, climate, isostatic adjustment, lithology, biota, and human alteration of landscapes. In this session, we aim to bring together researchers interested in mantle-surface and plume-plate interactions. We welcome studies that cover a range of techniques from data-driven approaches to numerical modelling or laboratory experiments.
We hope this session will provide opportunities for presenters from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and emerging problem in Earth Science.

It is now well known that the coupling between tectonics, climate and surface processes governs the dynamics of mountain belts and basin. However, the amplitude of these couplings and their exact impact on mountain building are less understood. First order quantitative constraints on this coupling are therefore needed. They can be provided by geomorphic and sedimentary records including longitudinal river profiles, fluvial terraces, downstream fining trends, growth strata, sediment provenance, sequence stratigraphy, and changing depositional environments. Moreover, the increasing integration of geochronological methods for quantifying erosion rates and source-to-sink sediment transfer with landscape evolution, stratigraphic, climatic, and tectonic models allows to advance our understanding of the interactions between surface processes, climate and tectonic deformation.

We invite contributions that use geomorphic and/or sedimentary records to understand tectonic deformation, climate histories, and surface processes, and welcome studies that address their interactions and couplings at a range of spatial and temporal scales. In particular, we encourage coupled catchment-basin studies that take advantage of numerical/physical modelling, geochemical tools for quantifying rates of surface processes (cosmogenic nuclides, low-temperature thermochronology, luminescence dating) and high resolution digital topographic and subsurface data. We invite contributions that address the role of surface processes in modulating rates of deformation and tectonic style, or of tectonics modulating the response of landscapes to climate change.

Continental rifting is a complex process spanning from the inception of extension to continental rupture or the formation of a failed rift. This session aims at combining new data, concepts and techniques elucidating the structure and dynamics of rifts and rifted margins. We invite submissions highlighting the time-dependent evolution of processes such as: initiation and growth of faults and ductile shear zones, tectonic and sedimentary history, magma migration, storage and volcanism, lithospheric necking and rift strength loss, influence of the pre-rift lithospheric structure, rift kinematics and plate motion, mantle flow and dynamic topography, as well as break-up and the transition to sea-floor spreading. We encourage contributions using multi-disciplinary and innovative methods from field geology, geochronology, geochemistry, petrology, seismology, geodesy, marine geophysics, plate reconstruction, or numerical or analogue modelling. Special emphasis will be given to presentations that provide an integrated picture by combining results from active rifts, passive margins, failed rift arms or by bridging the temporal and spatial scales associated with rifting.

The evolution of extensional tectonic settings is often envisioned as an in-plane process. Yet in nature extensional settings are often characterised by processes occurring in 3D and over protracted timescales. Their complex deformation histories can be attributed to superimposed events that involve pre-existing heterogeneities with different orientations, temporal changes in plate motion or, very often, a combination of the above. These factors result in multi-phase rifting, rotational or oblique rift kinematics, complex fault growth and interaction, lateral variations in structural style and rift propagation, as well as intricate strain partitioning patterns, among others. These complexities are commonly observed in both ancient and currently active extensional settings, but deciphering the temporal evolution of inherently 3D tectonic systems from limited (and often 2D) datasets can pose a significant challenge.

The aim of this session is to bring together new research from disciplines focussing on the 3D evolution of extensional tectonic settings at various spatio-temporal scales, with important implications for basin development, magmatism and surface processes. We encourage contributions from a wide range of fields, including geophysics, paleomagnetism, geodesy, geochronology, tectonics, structural geology, and analogue and numerical modelling in order to promote cross-disciplinary discussions that lead to new insights on the topic.

During the past 20 years, extensive research at present-day rifted margins and at fossil remnants preserved at orogenic belts has demonstrated that rifting is a complex and dynamic process. Extension can be dominated by poly-phase rifting, in which case the structure of rifted margins results from a unique kinematic event but the succession of several rift phases, resulting in a progressive migration and localisation of deformation. Multi-stage extension, however, evolves through independent rift events, which develop with distinct kinematic frameworks, leading to different but overlapping rift systems. Crustal domains and overlying rift basins are genetically linked in poly-phase rift systems, which include in-sequence syn-rift units and bounding extensional structures. In multi-stage extension, however, rift systems are out of sequence, and each of the rift systems displays a particular crustal structure and different rift basins and bounding structures. Thermal, magmatic and structural inheritance condition the onset of rifting, while inherited rift templates guide successive rift events. Complex 3D rift templates ultimately control subsequent compressional reactivation processes, leading to passive margin inversion, subduction initiation and mountain building.
This session aims to attract work that focuses on the analysis of the architecture of worldwide rift systems and related spatial and temporal evolution of rifting processes using geophysical data, fieldwork observations and associated geochemical and thermochronological studies, numerical and analogue modelling techniques, and plate kinematic reconstructions. This will enable us to compare and discuss the architecture of rift templates and their role in the evolution of extension as well as the subsequent convergence.

The North-Atlantic-Arctic realm hosts vast extended continental shelves bordering old land masses, two Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), one of which is the largest known sub-marine LIP (Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge) and a complex ocean spreading systems, including the slowest mid-ocean spreading ridge (Gakkel Ridge) and several extinct ocean basins.
Over recent decades, increasing scientific interest has led to the acquisition of vast quantities of geological and geophysical data across the North Atlantic-Arctic realm, yet our understanding of the region has become, if anything, even more controversial than it was before. The geodynamic and geomorphological processes acting here (and globally) are key to the understanding of the structure, geodynamic and paleolandscape evolution, hazards and resources in the region.
This session provides a forum for discussions and reviews of a variety of problems linked to the North Atlanitc-Arctic geodynamics such as plate tectonic, geodynamic, compositional, thermal, structural and landscape models, configuration of sedimentary basin and to propose additional experiments that can test these models. We welcome contributions from all relevant disciplines, including, but not limited to, plate tectonics, geophysics, geodynamic modelling, igneous, metamorphic and structural geology, palaeomagnetism, sedimentology, geomorphology, geochronology, thermochronology, geochemistry and petrology.

Since approximately 90% of the seismic moment released by earthquakes worldwide occurs near subduction zones, it is crucial to improve our understanding of seismicity and the associated seismic hazard in these regions. Seismicity in subduction zones takes many forms, ranging from relatively shallow seismicity on outer-rise and splay faults and the megathrust to intermediate-depth (70-300 km) and deep events (>300 km). While most research on subduction earthquakes focuses on the megathrust, all these different seismic events contribute to the seismic hazard of a subduction zone.

This session aims to integrate our knowledge on different aspects of subduction zone seismicity to improve our understanding of the interplay between such events and their relationship to subduction dynamics. We particularly invite abstracts that use geophysical and geological observations, laboratory experiments and/or numerical models to address questions such as: (1) What are the mechanisms behind intraplate seismicity? (2) How do outer-rise and splay fault seismicity relate to the seismogenic behaviour of the megathrust? (3) How do slab dynamics influence both shallow and deep seismicity?

Fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary prisms are some of the most recognizable large-scale geological features occurring all around the globe. They mostly develop along convergent plate boundaries. Fold-and-thrust belts may also form along passive margins or other super-critical slopes by a gravitationally driven stress field. Fold-and-thrust belts may involve the basement of continental lithospheres to build entire mountain ranges or just the uppermost sedimentary sequence detaching along stratigraphic décollements. Although these different types of fold-and-thrust belts vary in spatial extent, longevity of their formation, and rock types involved, their dynamics and structural evolution strongly depends on the same internal and external effects, such as rheological and rock mechanical properties, temperature and surface processes, allowing to compare them with each other and to develop common mechanical predictions.
Fold-and-thrust belts have been intensely investigated to decipher their short- and long-term evolution. However, there are important questions that yet have to be fully understood: i) What is the effect of inherited structures within the basement, the upper sequence and potential décollements, and how can those inheritances be detected? ii) How are transient and long-term rheological/mechanical characteristics comparable during the formation of a fold-and-thrust belt? iii) Do present day fold-and-thrust belts reflect local, transient conditions, and how are large-scale, long-term tectonic processes affecting their evolution?
The here proposed session tackles to answer these questions by an interdisciplinary approach. We look forward to receive abstracts focusing on the short- and long-term dynamics and structural evolution of fold-and-thrust and belts by means of structural fieldwork, seismics and seismology, analogue and numerical modelling, rock mechanics, geomorphology and thermochronology as well as quantification of uncertainties in order to improve our understanding of fold-and-thrust belts across spatial and temporal scales.

The Phanerozoic orogenic belts of the circum-Mediterranean region stand out for their variety of tectonic styles, metamorphic imprints, and orogenic evolution. The similar tectono-metamorphic history of the Variscan and Alpine orogenies, as well as the distinctive traits of different sectors of these belts, make them unique to investigate orogenic processes through time and space. Circum-Mediterranean belts are, indeed, the result of the opening and closure of separate oceanic basins, of the complex interaction between microplates, and of the lateral transition to different subduction/collision zones, which marked different stages of their evolution. Over the last decades, the study of these orogenic belts showed how paleomargin geometries, type and dip of subduction zones, coupling or decoupling between the crust and the mantle, heat flux, orogenic wedge processes, interplay between erosion and sedimentation, and mantle dynamics influence mountain building processes. All these variables combined control the mechanisms of deformation of the lithosphere steering the structural and topographic evolution of collision zones. The history and complexity of the circum-Mediterranean area represent an intriguing geological puzzle whose investigation permits to address fundamental questions on tectonic and geodynamic processes and to improve our understanding of the dynamics of the lithosphere.

This section is devoted to the investigation of these processes and mechanism in the circum- Mediterranean orogenic belts of the Variscan (Maures, Corsica and Sardinia block) and Alpine (Atlas, Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees, Dinarides; Hellenides) cycles. We welcome contributions on all aspects of mountain building that cover a multiscale range of observation from meso to microscopic scale (field working to microprobe) and offer different perspectives from geology (tectonics, stratigraphy, petrology, geochronology, geochemistry, and geomorphology), geophysics (seismicity, seismic imaging, seismic anisotropy, gravity), geodesy (GPS, InSAR), modelling (numerical and analogue), natural hazards (earthquakes, volcanism). We also encourage the submission of trans-disciplinary studies that integrate multiple methods to unfold the evolution of orogenic belts.

The Tethyan orogenic belt is one of the largest and most prominent collisional zones on Earth. The belt ranges from the Mediterranean in the west to Papua New Guinea in the east. It results from the subduction and closure of multiple basins of the Tethys Ocean and the subsequent collision of the African, Arabian and Indian continental plates with Eurasia. Its long-lasting geological record of the opening and closure of oceanic basins, the accretion of arcs and microcontinents, the complex interactions of major and smaller plates, and the presence of subduction zones at different evolutionary stages, has progressively grown as a comprehensive test site to investigate fundamental plate tectonics and geodynamic processes with multiple disciplines. Advances in a variety of fields provide a rich and growing set of constraints on the crust-lithosphere and mantle structure and their physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the tectonics and geodynamic evolution of the Tethyan orogenic belt.

We welcome contributions presenting new insights and observations derived from different perspectives, including geology (tectonics, stratigraphy, petrology, geochronology, geochemistry, and geomorphology), geophysics (seismicity, seismic imaging, seismic anisotropy, gravity), geodesy (GPS, InSAR), modelling (numerical and analogue), natural hazards (earthquakes, volcanism). In particular, we encourage the submission of trans-disciplinary studies, which integrate observations across a range of spatial and temporal scales to further our understanding of plate tectonics as a planetary process of fundamental importance.

The Arabian Plate recorded several plate reorganizations from the Neoproterozoic to present, including the Cadomian and Angudan orogenies, Late Paleozoic rifting and Alpine Orogeny. Active tectonics are framing the Arabian Plate and produce a variety of structures, including extensional structures related to rifting of the Red Sea and Gulf and Aden, strike-slip structures at the Dead Sea and Owen transform faults and compressive structures related to the Zagros-Makran convergence zone. The Arabian Peninsula contains the planet’s largest hydrocarbon reservoirs, owing to its geological history as Gondwana’s passive margin during the Permo-Mesozoic. Moreover, the Semail Ophiolite as the largest exposed ophiolite on Earth offers a unique example of large-scale obduction and overridden sedimentary basins. This and the spectacular outcrop conditions make the Arabian Peninsula an important and versatile study area. Ongoing research and new methods shed new light on, e.g., mountain building processes and its geomorphological expression as well as hydrocarbon development/migration.

We invite contributions that utilize structural, geophysical, tectonic, geochronological, geomorphological, sedimentary, geochemical/mineralogical, and field geological studies from the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding mountain belts and basins. These studies may include topics dealing with structures/basin analyses of any scale and from all tectonic settings ranging from the Neoproterozoic until today.

Dynamic topography is an important component of topography produced by mantle flow beneath the lithosphere. Like other components topography, dynamic topography sheds control on the eustacy, coastline evolution, source-to-sink systems, and long-wavelength variations in topography within continental interior far away from plate margins. In this aspect, dynamic topography has played a vital role in exploring the relationships between plate subduction, mantle flow, and Earth surface process. The circum-Pacific domain has been undergoing multiple re-orientations in subduction and given rise to basin-mountain systems in both eastern (western North America and South America) and western (East Asia) Pacific continental margins since late Mesozoic. Prominent diversity between the modern mantle structures of East Asia and the Americas strongly indicate different plate subduction history; this difference in evolution of the plate tectonics and mantle structure is recorded in dynamic topography. Fully unraveling the four-dimensional dynamic topography and its implications for tectonics has been one of the major challenges in both East Asia and the Americas. To help understand this complex relationship, we welcome your contributions addressing topics that concentrate on (1) the formation/origin and evolution of mantle architecture, (2) spatial-temporal evolution of Earth’s surface topography, especially dynamic topography, (3) evolution of basin-mountain systems and their indication of plate subduction, and (4) 4-D geodynamic models of eastern and western Pacific continental margins and the other regions since late Mesozoic.

Subduction drives plate tectonics, generating the major proportion of subaerial volcanism, releasing >90% seismic moment magnitude, forming continents, and recycling lithosphere. Numerical and laboratory modeling studies have successfully built our understanding of many aspects of the geodynamics of subduction zones. Detailed geochemical studies, investigating compositional variation within and between volcanic arcs, provide further insights into systematic chemical processes at the slab surface and within the mantle wedge, providing constraints on thermal structures and material transport within subduction zones. However, with different technical and methodological approaches, model set-ups, inputs, and material properties, and in some cases conflicting conclusions between chemical and physical models, a consistent picture of the controlling parameters of subduction-zone processes has so far not emerged.

This session aims to follow subducting lithosphere on its journey from the surface down into the Earth's mantle and to understand the driving processes for deformation and magmatism in the over-riding plate. We aim to address topics such as: subduction initiation and dynamics; changes in mineral breakdown processes at the slab surface; the formation and migration of fluids and melts at the slab surface; primary melt generation in the wedge; subduction-related magmatism; controls on the position and width of the volcanic arc; subduction-induced seismicity; mantle wedge processes; the fate of subducted crust, sediments and volatiles; the importance of subducting seamounts, LIPs, and ridges; links between near-surface processes and slab dynamics and with regional tectonic evolution; slab delamination and break-off; the effect of subduction on mantle flow; and imaging subduction zone processes.

With this session, we aim to form an integrated picture of the subduction process, and invite contributions from a wide range of disciplines, such as geodynamics, modeling, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, and seismology, to discuss subduction zone dynamics at all scales from the surface to the lower mantle, or in applications to natural laboratories.

We invite contributions that address the present and past structure and dynamics of the Alpine orogens of the Mediterranean area. Since 2015, the international AlpArray mission and related projects have generated a plethora of new data to test the hypothesis that mantle circulation driving plates’ re-organization during collision has both immediate and long-lasting effects on the structure, motion, earthquake distribution and landscape evolution in mountain belts. Links between Earth’s surface and mantle have been forged by integrating 3D geophysical imaging of the entire crust-mantle system, with geologic observations and modelling to provide a look both backwards and forwards in time, the 4th dimension. This integrated 4D approach, initially focused on the Alps, has been expanded to the Pannonian-Carpathian and Adriatic areas, and now includes the Apennines and Dinarides. A new initiative, AdriaArray, is underway to shed light on plate-scale deformation and orogenic processes in this dynamic part of the Alpine-Mediterranean chain. The forthcoming Drilling the Ivrea-Verbano zonE (DIVE) project bridges new observations across scales and investigates the evolution of the continental lower crust. This session provides an interdisciplinary platform for highlighting the newest results and open questions of the aforementioned projects, regions and themes.

Subduction is one of the primary mechanisms of fluid and element cycling between
the surface and mantle in the Earth. During subduction, metamorphism in the
downgoing plate and the consequent expulsion of fluids and generation of melts
drives mineralogical, geochemical, and rheological changes affecting the mechanical
behaviour of the subducting zone system. These fluids and melts play a key role in
the long-term geochemical evolution of the Earth by preferentially fractionating
elements from the slab and introducing them to the mantle wedge, volcanic arc, and
forearc. This process is particularly relevant for volatiles, such as carbon, which can have a profound influence on the habitability of the Earth's surface. This session aims to bring together the petrology, geochemistry, geodynamics, tectonics, and geochronology community by linking subduction zone inputs, outputs and mechanisms over a range of length and timescales. We especially encourage studies that constrain the conditions, durations, and geochemical evolution of metamorphic, metasomatic, and magmatic processes leading to the transfer of material from the slab into the mantle wedge, forearc, arc, and deep mantle. We encourage participation from scientists from all backgrounds and levels of experience.

Transform faults are one of the three types of plate boundaries required for Earth-like plate tectonics to operate. In these locations, plates move laterally in relation to each other without significant creation or destruction of plate material. Transform plate boundaries played a fundamental role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics. The concept of transform fault was introduced by Tuzo Wilson as the final piece of a puzzle that allowed connecting ridges to convergent zones and close the circumference of lithospheric plates. Wilson recognized that transform faults were different from the already known continental transcurrent faults (or nonlithospheric strike-slip faults). The term transform plate boundary is since then been used to define a lithospheric strike-slip fault zone that constitutes a plate boundary. The term is also used more loosely to define strike-slip boundaries of diffuse tectonic blocks or microplates. At smaller orders, strike-slip faults exist in all kinds of environments and at all scales, accommodating the lateral movement of tectonic blocks and linking other kinds of faults. Transform plate boundaries can exist in both continental or oceanic lithosphere, leading to markedly different strain distribution patterns and seismic activity. This is particularly true for the case of oceanic transform faults, which result from the own growth of the plates. Due to their remote locations, the rheological structure and behavior of oceanic transform faults are still largely unknown. The fact that they exist in oceanic environments suggests that they are prone to constant fluid circulation and alteration, potentiated by the chemical reactions between rocks and circulating fluids. Transform faults have also traditionally been perceived as places of low to moderate magnitude seismicity, but recent events have shown that these structures can generate very high magnitude hazardous events. Examples include the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 1941 M 8.4 earthquake along the Gloria Fault. In this session, we aim to discuss the evolution of oceanic and continental transform and strike-slip faults. We welcome studies on structural geology, marine geology, geochemistry, petrology, remote sensing, tectonics, seismology and hazards, as well as modelling studies, using both analogue and numerical approaches. Associated processes such as shear localization, serpentinisation, biogenic activity, fluid migration and extrusion are also very welcome.

Geologic processes are generally too slow, too rare, or too deep to be observed in-situ and to be monitored with a resolution high enough to understand their dynamics. Analogue experiments and numerical simulation have thus become an integral part of the Earth explorer's toolbox to select, formulate, and test hypotheses on the origin and evolution of geological phenomena.

To foster synergy between the rather independently evolving experimentalists and modellers we provide a multi-disciplinary platform to discuss research on tectonics, structural geology, rock mechanics, geodynamics, volcanology, geomorphology, and sedimentology.

We therefore invite contributions demonstrating the state-of-the-art in analogue and numerical / analytical modelling on a variety of spatial and temporal scales, varying from earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions to sedimentary processes, plate tectonics and landscape evolution. We especially welcome those presentations that discuss model strengths and weaknesses, challenge the existing limits, or compare/combine the different modelling techniques to realistically simulate and better understand the Earth's behaviour.

Geological and geophysical data sets are in essence the result of physical processes governing the Earth’s evolution. Such data sets are widely varied and range from the internal structure of the Earth, plate kinematics, composition of geomaterials, estimation of physical conditions, dating of key geological events, thermal state of the Earth to more shallow processes such as natural and “engineered” reservoir dynamics and waste sequestration in the subsurface.

Combining such data with process-based numerical models is required for our understanding of the dynamical Earth. Process-based models are powerful tools to predict the evolution of complex natural systems resolving the feedback among various physical processes. Integrating high-quality data into numerical simulations leads to a constructive workflow to further constrain the key parameters within the models. Innovative inversion strategies, linking forward dynamic models with observables, is therefore an important research topic that will improve our knowledge of the governing physical parameters.

The complexity of geological systems arises from their multi-physics nature, as they combine hydrological, thermal, chemical and mechanical processes (e.g. thermo-mechanical convection). Multi-physics couplings are prone to nonlinear interactions ultimately leading to spontaneous localisation of flow and deformation. Understanding the couplings among those processes therefore requires the development of appropriate tools to capture spontaneous localisation and represents a challenging though essential research direction.

We invite contributions from the following two complementary themes:

1. Computational advances associated with
- alternative spatial and/or temporal discretisation for existing forward/inverse models
- scalable HPC implementations of new and existing methodologies (GPUs / multi-core)
- solver and preconditioner developments
- AI / Machine learning-based approaches
- code and methodology comparisons (“benchmarks”)
- open source implementations for the community

2. Physics advances associated with
- development of partial differential equations to describe geological processes
- inversion strategies and adjoint-based modelling
- numerical model validation through comparison with observables (data)
- scientific discovery enabled by 2D and 3D modelling
- utilisation of coupled models to explore nonlinear interactions

The rates and dates of processes occurring at tectonic-plate scale can be quantified using evidence derived from actively deforming settings, including geomorphic markers (e.g., topography and rivers, fluvial deposits, marine terraces) and sedimentary archives (e.g., syntectonic sedimentation, stratigraphic evidence).
When used as key natural laboratories at adequate time spans, such evidence provides essential clues to understand large-scale tectonics. These focused studies may contribute to unravel the motion, deformation, and evolution of tectonic plates, as well as changes in their potential geodynamics and boundary conditions.
We invite contributions focusing on understanding the dynamics and evolution of deforming plate interiors and active plate boundaries through interdisciplinary, geomorphic, or sedimentary data-based approaches. We welcome all types of studies that aim to quantify the rates of active plate deformation and the dates of tectonic events, regardless of their spatio-temporal scale or methodology.

Birth, evolution, and demise of sedimentary basins result from the interplay of several factors such as the geodynamic/tectonic regime, stress field, thickness and thermal state of the lithosphere, rheological properties of both basement and sedimentary fill, and faults architecture. Integrated studies, including the analyses of structural setting and thermal maturity of stratigraphic successions, have shown to be successful in unravelling the tectonic evolution of active basins as well as fossil ones that have been later incorporated into orogenic belts.
In this session, we welcome contributions from researchers in all fields of geosciences, applying different analytical methods to the study of worldwide active and fossil sedimentary basins. These methods can include, but are not limited to, structural analyses (both on outcropping and subsurface rocks), thermal maturity assessments, fault dating, geochronological and thermochronological dating, and isotopic analyses on carbonates. Multidisciplinary approaches are greatly welcomed. The aim is to foster discussion on which are the best procedures to better understand the geological processes that drive the tectonic and thermal history of sedimentary basins and their surrounding regions.

Metamorphic minerals provide unique records of the tectonic processes that have shaped Earth through the ages. Innovative new approaches in metamorphic petrology, chemical and isotope micro-analysis, and geochronology provide exciting new avenues to let these minerals tell their story of deformation, reaction and fluid flow. The insights from such research provide key means of testing long-standing concepts in petrology and tectonics, and shifting paradigms in these fields.

This session will highlight integrated metamorphic petrology, with application to tectonics and development of collisional orogens, cratons and subduction zones. We welcome contributions, from petrology, (petro-)chronology, to trace-element and isotope geochemistry. Through these diverse insights, the session will provide an exciting overview of current research on metamorphic and metasomatic processes, as well as the avenues for future innovation.

Fluid-mediated rock transformation, also called mineralogical replacement, are ubiquitous instances of fluid-rock interaction in the crust. With recent developments in measurement techniques, the characterization and understanding of replacement has potential to unravel fluid dynamics and migration pathways, the volume of reactive fluids involved, the deformation associated to the reaction, along with the thermodynamical properties of the reaction. The ambition of the proposed session is to draw a picture of the current state of knowledge about the driving processes of fluid-mediated transformation in the diagenetic domain and in the low metamorphic conditions, with or without associated deformation. We welcome any contribution focusing on methodological, experimental, analytical or nature-related studies of mineralogical replacements and associated phenomenon.

The origin and evolution of the continental lithosphere is closely linked to changes in mantle dynamics through time, from its formation through melt depletion to multistage reworking and reorganisation related to interaction with melts formed both beneath and within it. Understanding this history is critical to constraining terrestrial dynamics, element cycles and metallogeny. We welcome contributions dealing with: (1) Reconstructions of the structure and composition of the lithospheric mantle, and the influence of plumes and subduction zones on root construction; (2) Interactions of plume- and subduction-derived melts and fluids with the continental lithosphere, and the nature and development of metasomatic agents; (3) Source rocks, formation conditions (P-T-fO2) and evolution of mantle melts originating below or in the mantle lithosphere; (4) Deep source regions, melting processes and phase transformation in mantle plumes and their fluids; (5) Modes of melt migration and ascent, as constrained from numerical modelling and microstructures of natural mantle samples; (6) Role of mantle melts and fluids in the generation of hybrid and acid magmas.These topics can be illuminated using the geochemistry and fabric of mantle xenoliths and orogenic peridotites, mantle-derived melts and experimental simulations.

This session is open to all recent works on salt-related tectonics, in various tectonic settings (extensional, contractional, strike-slip or simply gravitational, i.e. passive margins), areas of study (onshore or offshore), and types of approaches (subsurface or outcrop interpretation, seismic imaging and processing, numerical or analogue modelling, and rock-mechanics analysis). Likewise, we welcome contributions at various scales from the relationships between crustal-scale tectonics, evaporite deposition and salt tectonics within sedimentary basins and mountains, to the interaction between salt bodies and their surrounding sediments, to intra-salt deformation. Contributions on shale tectonics are also welcome.
The session will start with the speech of Jean-Paul Callot "The role of salt in mountain building, from minibasin formation to orogen dynamic" (invited speaker).

The session deals with the documentation and modelling of the tectonic, deformation and geodetic features of any type of volcanic area, on Earth and in the Solar System. The focus is on advancing our understanding on any type of deformation of active and non-active volcanoes, on the associated behaviours, and the implications for hazards. We welcome contributions based on results from fieldwork, remote-sensing studies, geodetic and geophysical measurements, analytical, analogue and numerical simulations, and laboratory studies of volcanic rocks.

Studies may be focused at the regional scale, investigating the tectonic setting responsible for and controlling volcanic activity, both along divergent and convergent plate boundaries, as well in intraplate settings. At a more local scale, all types of surface deformation in volcanic areas are of interest, such as elastic inflation and deflation, or anelastic processes, including caldera and flank collapses. Deeper, sub-volcanic deformation studies, concerning the emplacement of intrusions, as sills, dikes and laccoliths, are most welcome.

We also particularly welcome geophysical data aimed at understanding magmatic processes during volcano unrest. These include geodetic studies obtained mainly through GPS and InSAR, as well as at their modelling to imagine sources.



The session includes, but is not restricted to, the following topics:

volcanism and regional tectonics;
formation of magma chambers, laccoliths, and other intrusions;
dyke and sill propagation, emplacement, and arrest;
earthquakes and eruptions;
caldera collapse, resurgence, and unrest;
flank collapse;
volcano deformation monitoring;
volcano deformation and hazard mitigation;
volcano unrest;
mechanical properties of rocks in volcanic areas.

The Fagradalsfjall eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula of Iceland started on 19 March 2021. It provides a unique opportunity to study all aspects of a low-intensity effusive basaltic eruption in great detail using multidisciplinary approaches. The Fagradalsfjall eruption followed a several-week long period of intense seismicity and deformation associated with formation of the feeding dike. The eruption terminated on September 18, 2021, after producing a lava field covering about 4.5 km2. The eruption progressed through several phases, each characterized by different emission sources, eruptive style, intensities, and associated hazards. The eruption may be representative of the formation of a shield volcano, a process that the scientific community has had limited chances to observe in real time.

We welcome submissions on sustained low-intensity basaltic eruptions including (but not limited to) the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption; their plumbling systems, eruptive products, and impacts. We particularly encourage comparative studies across different regions that may help us to better understand the volcanic processes that are active in the Fagradalsfjall eruption.

Topics may include, for example: physical volcanology of eruptive products and eruptive behavior; lava flow modeling; acoustic studies; petrology; geochemistry and interaction with groundwater; studies of volcanic gases; crustal deformation; seismology; volcano monitoring; social effects; health effects; hazard mitigation; tectonic implications; volcano-tectonic interactions; atmosphere-climate interactions, etc.

This session will cover applied and theoretical aspects of
geophysical imaging, modelling and inversion using active- and
passive-source seismic measurements as well as other geophysical
techniques (e.g., gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic) to
investigate properties of the Earth’s lithosphere and asthenosphere,
and explore the processes involved. We invite contributions focused on
methodological developments, theoretical aspects, and applications.
Studies across the scales and disciplines are particularly welcome.

Among others, the session may cover the following topics:
- Active- and passive-source imaging using body- and surface-waves;
- Full waveform inversion developments and applications;
- Advancements and case studies in 2D and 3D imaging;
- Interferometry and Marchenko imaging;
- Seismic attenuation and anisotropy;
- Developments and applications of multi-scale and multi-parameter inversion; and,
- Joint inversion of seismic and complementary geophysical data.

Gravity and magnetic field data contribute to a wide range of geo-scientific research, from imaging the structure of the earth and geodynamic processes near surface investigations. The first part of this session is dedicated to contributions related to spatial and temporal variations of the Earth gravity and magnetic field at all scales. Contributions to modern potential field research are welcome, including instrumental issues, data processing techniques, machine learning, interpretation methods, innovative applications of the results and data collected by modern satellite missions, potential theory, as well as case histories.
The second part of this session will focus on the practical solution of various formulations of geodetic boundary-value problems to yield precise local and regional high-resolution (quasi)geoid models. Contributions describing recent developments in theory, processing methods, downward continuation of satellite and airborne data, treatment of altimetry and shipborne data, terrain modeling, software development and the combination of gravity data with other signals of the gravity field for a precise local and regional gravity field determination are welcome. Topics such as the comparison of methods and results, the interpretation of residuals as well as geoid applications to satellite altimetry, oceanography, vertical datums and local and regional geospatial height registration are of a special interest.

The last decades have seen unprecedented development of various datasets ranging from zircon provenance studies, igneous and metamorphic petrology, tectonics, geophysics, numerical modelling and paleogeographical reconstructions enabling a more realistic understanding of amalgamation processes related to formation of the most recent supercontinent Pangea. Active discussion is centered on the pre-orogenic evolution and paleogeographic position of large Precambrian crustal segments, as well as the age and number of intervening oceans and their role in building the Variscan Orogenic Belt in Europe, North America and Africa. While, in Central Asia, the Paleozoic formation and mutual interaction of the Kazakhstan, Mongolian and Tarim-North China collages that formed the giant Central Asian Orogenic Belt is discussed. The Variscan Orogeny operated in the heart of Pangea and was controlled by the amalgamation of large continental masses, and the penecontemporaneous Central Asian Orogenic Belt formed at its periphery by accretion of oceanic fragments and some Precambrian blocks. The two contrasting orogens contributed to the formation of a 20,000 km long Late Paleozoic Trans-Euroasian orogen – the largest collisional system on the Earth. It is our aim to bring together the Variscan and Central Asian Orogenic Belt communities to discuss the contrasting collisional and accretionary processes operating along-strike of the Trans-Euroasian orogen from all perspectives of geosciences.

Cratons form the ancient, stable cores of most of the Earth’s continents. Knowledge about the present-day architecture of cratons is the key to understand the evolution of continental plates. In addition to that, cratons concentrate many economically relevant mineral deposits, which are indispensable for a modern society. For many cratonic regions however, little is still known about the present-day lithospheric structure and how it evolved since the Archean, mainly due to their remoteness and harsh local environmental conditions. Ongoing data acquisition, as well as the usage and optimization of
remote and passive techniques have shed new light on the lithospheric architecture of cratonic regions. Recent advancements across several disciplines show that cratons are more varied and fragmented than previously assumed, which has strong implications for geodynamic interactions with the convective mantle and long-term stability.

In this session, we welcome contributions across different scales that describe the cratonic lithosphere and its evolution with time, up to the dawn of plate tectonics. We aim to address topics like: characterization and evolution of cratonic crust and lithosphere; coupling between cratonic crust and mantle; mechanisms to form, maintain and destroy cratonic roots; craton-plume interaction; the role of cratons in supercontinent configurations; connection of cratons to mineral deposits.

We would like to raise discussions within a multidisciplinary session and therefore welcome contributions across a wide range of disciplines, including, but not limited to geodynamics, geology, tectonics, seismology, gravity, geochemistry, petrology, as well as joint approaches.

Lithosphere evolution, reflected in the lithosphere structure, controls the deposition of mineral resources, many of which occur in specific geodynamic settings. We invite contributions from various geophysical, geodynamic, geological, and geochemical studies, as well as from numerical modeling, which address the questions how various plate tectonics and mantle dynamics processes modify the lithosphere structure, control ore deposits, and how these processes changed during the Earth's evolution. We particularly invite contributions with focus on regional geophysical studies of the crust and upper mantle.
This session is a part of the International Lithosphere Program Task Force 1. We invite contributions from everyone interested in the topic and invite them to join the ILP TF1.

This 105-minute short course aims to introduce non-geologists to structural and petrological geological principles, which are used by geologists to understand system earth.

The data available to geologists is often minimal, incomplete and representative for only part of the geological history. Besides learning field techniques to acquire and measure data, geologists need to develop a logical way of thinking to close gaps in the data to understand the system. There is a difference in the reality observed from field observation and the final geological model that tells the story.

In this course we briefly introduce the following subjects:
1) Grounding rocks: Introduction to the principles of geology.
2) Collecting rocks: The how, what, and pitfalls of field data acquisition.
3) Failing rocks: From structural field data to (paleo-)stress analysis.
4) Dating rocks: Absolute and relative dating of rocks using petrology and geochronology methods.
5) Shaping rocks: The morphology of landscapes as tectonic constraints
6) Crossing rocks over: How geology benefits from seismology, geodynamic and geodesy research, and vice-versa.
7) Q&A!

Our aim is not to make you the next specialist in geology, but we would rather try and make you aware of the challenges a geologist faces when they go out into the field. Additionally, the quality of data and the methods used nowadays are addressed to give other earth scientists a feel for the capabilities and limits of geological research. This course is given by Early Career Scientist geologists and geoscientists and forms a quartet with the short courses on ‘Geodynamics 101 (A&B)’, ‘Seismology 101’, and ‘Geodesy 101’. For this reason, we will also explain what kind of information we expect from the fields of seismology, geodynamics and geodesy, and we hope to receive some feedback in what kind of information you could use from our side.

The main goal of this short course is to provide an introduction into the basic concepts of numerical modelling of solid Earth processes in the Earth’s crust and mantle in a non-technical manner. We discuss the building blocks of a numerical code and how to set up a model to study geodynamic problems. Emphasis is put on best practices and their implementations including code verification, model validation, internal consistency checks, and software and data management. 

The short course introduces the following topics:
(1) The physical model, including the conservation and constitutive equations
(2) The numerical model, including numerical methods, discretisation, and kinematical descriptions
(3) Code verification, including benchmarking
(4) Model design, including modelling philosophies
(5) Model validation and subsequent analysis
(6) Communication of modelling results and effective software, data, and resource management

Armed with the knowledge of a typical numerical modelling workflow, participants will be better able to critically assess geodynamic numerical modelling papers and know how to start with numerical modelling.

This short course is run by early career geodynamicists. It is aimed at everyone who is interested in, but not necessarily experienced with, geodynamic numerical models; in particular early career scientists (BSc, MSc, PhD students and postdocs) and people who are new to the field of geodynamic modelling.

What is the “Potsdam Gravity Potato”? What is a reference frame and why is it necessary to know in which reference frame GNSS velocities are provided? Geodetic data, like GNSS data or gravity data, are used in many geoscientific disciplines, such as hydrology, glaciology, geodynamics, oceanography and seismology. This course aims to give an introduction into geodetic datasets and presents what is necessary to consider when using such data. This 105-minute short course is part of the quartet of introductory 101 courses on Geodynamics 101, Geology 101 and Seismology 101.

The short course Geodesy 101 will introduce basic geodetic concepts within the areas of GNSS and gravity data analysis. In particular, we will talk about:
- GNSS data analysis
- Reference frames
- Gravity data analysis
We will also show short examples of data handling and processing using open-source software tools. Participants are not required to bring a laptop or have any previous knowledge of geodetic data analysis.

Our aim is to give you more background information on what geodetic data can tell us and what not. You won’t be a Geodesist by the end of the short course, but we hope that you are able to have gained more knowledge about the limitations as well as advantages of geodetic data. The course is run by early career scientists from the Geodesy division, and is aimed for all attendees (ECS and non-ECS) from all divisions who are using geodetic data frequently or are just interested to know what geodesists work on on a daily basis. We hope to have a lively discussion during the short course and we are also looking forward to feedback by non-geodesists on what they need to know when they use geodetic data.