The Open Session on Geosciences Instrumentation is the European forum with an open call for professional conference papers in the field of Geosciences Instrumentation, Methods, Software and Data Systems. The session aims to inform the scientific and engineering geosciences communities about new and/or improved instrumentation and methods, and their related new or existing applications. The session also deals with new ways of utilizing observational data by novel approaches and the required data infrastructure design and organization.

The session is open to all branches of geosciences measurement techniques, including, but not limited to, optical, electromagnetic, seismic, acoustic and gravity. The session is intended as an open forum and discussion between representatives of different fields within geosciences is strongly encouraged. Past experience has shown that such mutual exchange and cross fertilization between fields have been very successful and can open up for a break-through in frontier problems of modern geosciences.

The session is also open for applications related to environmental monitoring and security providing, like archeological surveys, rubbish deposits studies, unexploded ordnance and/or mines detection, water dam inspection, seismic hazards monitoring etc.

Ground-based networks for monitoring of atmospheric chemical composition and meteorology improve our understanding of local, regional, and continental scale atmospheric events and long-term trends, and inform decisions critical to air quality, climate change, weather forecasting, and human health. Monitoring networks serve an important role within the research community, providing a backbone of data to support modeling, satellite data product validation, and short-term measurement campaigns. Ongoing collaboration, communication, and promotion of monitoring network developments and data products is necessary in order to fully leverage the bene t from such networks. This session explores how ground-based atmospheric monitoring networks can be utilized to:
- promote cross-network and -discipline engagement
- develop and test new technologies and sensors
- expand quality assurance methods and techniques
- support modelling and satellite data products

Awareness of the importance of the reproducibility of research results has increased considerably in recent years. Knowledge must be robust and reliable in order to serve as a foundation to build further progress on it. Reproducibility is a complex topic that spans technology, research communities, and research culture. In the narrow sense, reproducibility refers to the possibility of another researcher independently achieving the same result with the identical data and calculation methods. Put simply, one could say that research is either reproducible or not, but more practically there is a continuum of reproducibility where some factors weigh more heavily on influencing results. Replicability or replication, on the other hand, is a broader term and refers to one’s ability to replicate their own research. One problem, however, is that a large percentage of existing studies cannot be successfully reproduced or replicated. This endangers trust in science.

However, with the increasing complexity, volume and variety of Earth System Science (ESS) data - where data can be of multiple types like source code, entire workflows, observational or model output data - and the continuing push towards compliance with the FAIR data principles, achieving reproducibility is challenging. Dedicated solutions do exist only for a subset of implementation factors, but are mostly focused on single institutions or infrastructure providers. Current developments to establish the FDOs (FAIR Digital Objects) and corresponding frameworks go one step further to eventually enable a global interoperable data space to achieve scientific reproducibility. The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML), and other computational-intensive processes complicate this even further.

This session will explore current practices, methods and tools geared towards enabling reproducible results and workflows in ESS. We promote contributions from the areas of infrastructures, infrastructure requirements, workflow frameworks, software/tools, description of practices or other aspects (e.g. provenance tracking, quality information management, FDOs, AI/ML) that must be considered in order to achieve and enable reproducibility in Earth system sciences. These can be contributions that are generally valid and/or transferable or focus on certain areas of application. Finally, best practice examples (or as a counter-example bad practice) are also invited.

Need for Smart Solutions in earth, environmental and planetary sciences: Tackling data challenges and incorporating applied earth and planetary sciences into artificial intelligence (AI) models opened a new avenue for creating comprehensive methodologies and strategies to answer a wide variety of theoretical and practical questions from detecting, modelling, interpreting and predicting changes in the earth and environment’s ecosystems in response to climate change to understanding interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land in the climate system. Therefore, AI and Data Science (DS) in earth, environmental and planetary sciences are one of the fastest growing areas. The performance of the AI/DS models improves as it gains experience over time. Various mathematical and statistical models need to be investigated to determine the performance of AI models. Once the learning process is completed, then the model can then be used to make an assumption, classify and test data. This is achieved after gaining experience in the training process. This session aims to make available to the world community of earth, environment and planetary sciences-related professionals a collection of scientific papers on the current state of the art and recent developments of AI and DS applications in the field. This session will shed light on many recent research activities on applying AI/DS techniques into a single comprehensive document to address engineering, social, political, economic, safety, health, and technological issues of earth, environment and planetary sciences challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this session is to improve and facilitate the application of intelligent systems for the earth, environmental and planetary sciences to highlight new insight for creating comprehensive methodologies for analyzing/processing/predicting/management strategies in the fields of fundamental and applied sciences problems through the decision-making abilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques.

Cloud computing has emerged as the dominant paradigm, supporting practically all industrial applications and a significant number of academic and research projects. Since its introduction in the early 2010s and its widespread adoption thereafter, migration to cloud computing has been a considerable task for many organisations and companies. Processing of big data close to their physical location is a perfect use case for cloud technologies and cloud storage infrastructure which offer all the necessary infrastructure and tools, especially if cloud infrastructure is offered together with HPC resources.
Pangeo (pangeo.io) is a global community of researchers and developers that tackle big geoscience data challenges in a collaborative manner using HPC and Cloud infrastructure.
This session's aim is threefold:
(1) Focuses on Cloud/Fog/Edge computing use cases and aims to identify the status and the steps towards a wider cloud computing adoption in Earth Observation and Earth Modeling.
(2) to motivate researchers that are using or developing in the Pangeo ecosystem to share their endeavors with a broader community that can benefit from these new tools.
(3) to contribute to the Pangeo community in terms of potential new applications for the Pangeo ecosystem, containing the following core packages: Xarray, Iris, Dask, Jupyter, Zarr, Kerchunk and Intake.
We encourage contributions describing all kinds of Cloud/Fog/Edge computing efforts in Earth Observation and Earth Modeling domains, such as:
- Cloud Applications, Infrastructure and Platforms (IaaS, PaaS SaaS and XaaS).
- Cloud federations and cross domain integration
- Service-Oriented Architecture in Cloud Computing
- Cloud Storage, File Systems, Big Data storage and Management.
- Networks within Cloud systems, the Storage Area, and to the outside
- Fog and Edge Computing
- Operational systems on the cloud.
- Data lakes and warehouses on the cloud.
- Cloud computing and HPC convergence in EO data processing.
Also presentations using at least one of Pangeo’s core packages in any of the following domains:
- Atmosphere, Ocean and Land Models
- Satellite Observations
- Machine Learning
- And other related applications
We welcome any contributions in the above themes presented as science-based in other EGU sessions, but more focused on research, data management, software and/or infrastructure aspects. For instance, you can showcase your implementation through live executable notebooks.

The MacGyver session focuses on novel sensors made, or data sources unlocked, by scientists. All geoscientists are invited to present:
- new sensor systems, using technologies in novel or unintended ways,
- new data storage or transmission solutions sending data from the field with LoRa, WIFI, GSM, or any other nifty approach,
- started initiatives (e.g., Open-Sensing.org) that facilitate the creation and sharing of novel sensors, data acquisition and transmission systems.

Connected a sensor to an Arduino or Raspberri Pi? Used the new Lidar in the new iPhone to measure something relevant for hydrology? 3D printed an automated water quality sampler? Or build a Cloud Storage system from Open Source Components? Show it!

New methods in hydrology, plant physiology, seismology, remote sensing, ecology, etc. are all welcome. Bring prototypes and demonstrations to make this the most exciting Poster Only (!) session of the General Assembly.

The MacGyver session this year teams up with the Frontiers in river flow monitoring session. We intend to organize a fieldwork event on the day of the session where presenters that present work related to measuring river flow get the opportunity to show their devices in action. See the final program for details on this exciting trip!

This session is co-sponsered by MOXXI, the working group on novel observational methods of the IAHS.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are employed in a variety of engineering and geosciences applications and their stand-alone use has been greatly investigated to date. New theoretical developments, technological advances and the progress achieved in surveying, data processing and interpretation have in fact led to a tremendous growth of the equipment reliability, allowing outstanding data quality and accuracy.

Nevertheless, the requirements of comprehensive site and material investigations may be complex and time-consuming, involving multiple expertise and equipment. The challenge is to step forward and provide an effective integration between data outputs with different physical quantities, scale domains and resolutions. In this regard, enormous development opportunities relating to data fusion, integration and correlation between different NDT methods and theories are to be further investigated.

This Session primarily aims at disseminating contributions from state-of-the-art NDT methods and new numerical developments, promoting the integration of existing equipment and the development of new algorithms, surveying techniques, methods and prototypes for effective monitoring and diagnostics. NDT techniques of interest are related–but not limited to–the application of acoustic emission (AE) testing, electromagnetic testing (ET), ground penetrating radar (GPR), geoelectric methods (GM), laser testing methods (LM), magnetic flux leakage (MFL), microwave testing, magnetic particle testing (MT), neutron radiographic testing (NR), radiographic testing (RT), thermal/infrared testing (IRT), ultrasonic testing (UT), seismic methods (SM), vibration analysis (VA), visual and optical testing (VT/OT).

The Session will focus on the application of different NDT methods and theories and will be related –but not limited to– the following investigation areas:
- advanced data fusion;
- advanced interpretation methods;
- design and development of new surveying equipment and prototypes;
- real-time & remote assessment and monitoring methods for material and site inspection (real-life and virtual reality);
- comprehensive and inclusive information data systems for the investigation of survey sites and materials;
- numerical simulation and modelling of data outputs with different physical quantities, scale domains and resolutions;
- advances in NDT methods, numerical developments and applications (stand-alone use of existing and state-of-the-art NDTs).

The session gathers multi-disciplinary geoscientific aspects such as dynamics, reactions, and environmental/health consequences of radioactive materials that are massively released accidentally (e.g., Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents, wide fires, etc.), future potential risk of leakage (e.g., Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant) and by other human activities (e.g., nuclear tests).

The radioactive materials are known as polluting materials that are hazardous for human society, but are also ideal markers in understanding dynamics and physical/chemical/biological reactions chains in the environment. Therefore, man-made radioactive contamination involves regional and global transport and local reactions of radioactive materials through atmosphere, soil and water system, ocean, and organic and ecosystem, and its relations with human and non-human biota. The topic also involves hazard prediction, risk assessment, nowcast, and countermeasures, , which is now urgent important for the nuclear power plants in Ukraine.

By combining long monitoring data (> halftime of Cesium 137 after the Chernobyl Accident in 1986, 12 years after the Fukushima Accident in 2011, and other events), we can improve our knowledgebase on the environmental behavior of radioactive materials and its environmental/biological impact. This should lead to improved monitoring systems in the future including emergency response systems, acute sampling/measurement methodology, and remediation schemes for any future nuclear accidents.

The following specific topics have traditionally been discussed:
(a) Atmospheric Science (emissions, transport, deposition, pollution);
(b) Hydrology (transport in surface and ground water system, soil-water interactions);
(c) Oceanology (transport, bio-system interaction);
(d) Soil System (transport, chemical interaction, transfer to organic system);
(e) Forestry;
(f) Natural Hazards (warning systems, health risk assessments, geophysical variability);
(g) Measurement Techniques (instrumentation, multipoint data measurements);
(h) Ecosystems (migration/decay of radionuclides).

The session consists of updated observations, new theoretical developments including simulations, and improved methods or tools which could improve observation and prediction capabilities during eventual future nuclear emergencies. New evaluations of existing tools, past nuclear contamination events and other data sets also welcome.

Research in Earth and environmental sciences benefits from interdisciplinary approaches (e.g. to understand and model multi-scale processes). The study of complex environmental processes may involve diverse collections of samples and associated field or laboratory measurements, sensors, remote sensing data, across international dimensions. Research benefits from practices that use easily-portable and reproducible tools and techniques. Best practices of sharing our data and software are now well-established and the earth science community needs to move forward with generally accepted methodologies of software and data distribution that can expand easily to include complex system and multi-domain challenges.

This session seeks innovative presentations for interdisciplinary research and applications, including but not limited to, on Earth Science data and service activities. Presentations addressing the specific societal needs, best practices, learned lessons and new challenges in data provenance, information access, visualization, and analysis, are highly encouraged, as well as presentation on the ways to adopt FAIR data principles towards sustainable solutions in Earth Science and the path to open science are . Discussion of challenges for future data services or European infrastructure are also welcome.

Modern challenges of climate change, disaster management, public health and safety, resources management, and logistics can only be addressed through big data analytics. A variety of modern technologies are generating massive volumes of conventional and non-conventional geospatial data at local and global scales. Most of this data includes geospatial data components and are analysed using spatial algorithms. Ignoring the geospatial component of big data can lead to an inappropriate interpretation of extracted information. This gap has been recognised and led to the development of new spatiotemporally aware strategies and methods.
This session discusses advances in spatiotemporal machine learning methods and the softwares and infrastructures to support them.

Europe’s green transition and response to environmental challenges will depend on a parallel digital transition, supporting decision-makers and actors with fit-for-purpose digital technologies and assets. The EU’s “European strategy for data” and Data Governance Act identify data spaces as the instruments to achieve a single market for data, global competitiveness and data sovereignty through “a purpose- or a sector-specific or cross-sectoral interoperable framework of common standards and practises to share or jointly process data”. Shortly, European data spaces will ensure that more data becomes available for use in research, economy and society while keeping data rights-holders in control.

Several projects and initiatives are building thematic data spaces, allowing researchers, industries, and governments to access high-quality, interoperable data and related services from multiple providers and giving data holders and providers tools to manage, control and provide access to their data. The benefits of data spaces for a FAIR data ecosystem and potential users are clear, but a deeper understanding of the design, set up and evolution of data spaces is needed.

This session seeks contributions from any group, project or initiative that has established or is establishing a data space in the context of environmental and Earth sciences. Talks in this session should provide a general overview of the designing, building, running, and governing data spaces and share best practices in this respect. Practical use cases on different levels (regional, national, European or global) demonstrating the value of data spaces for access, combining data from various sources and flexible environmental/Earth system data processing are also welcome including initiatives bridging into data spaces such as Destination Earth Data Lake. Finally, we welcome presentations from projects and initiatives working to consolidate the complex landscape of different data ecosystems, both within and beyond environmental and Earth sciences.

Several projects and initiatives are building thematic data spaces, allowing researchers, industries, and governments to access high-quality, interoperable data and related services from multiple providers and giving data holders and providers tools to manage, control and provide access to their data. The benefits of data spaces for a FAIR data ecosystem and potential users are clear, but a deeper understanding of the design, set up and evolution of data spaces is needed.

This session seeks contributions from any group, project or initiative that has established or is establishing a data space in the context of environmental and Earth sciences. Talks in this session should provide a general overview of the designing, building, running, and governing data spaces and share best practices in this respect. Practical use cases on different levels (regional, national, European or global) demonstrating the value of data spaces for access, combining data from various sources and flexible environmental/Earth system data processing are also welcome including initiatives bridging into data spaces such as Destination Earth Data Lake. Finally, we welcome presentations from projects and initiatives working to consolidate the complex landscape of different data ecosystems, both within and beyond environmental and Earth sciences.

Understanding and further predicting the incidence and severity of hydrometeorological hazards, such as floods, droughts, land slides and storm surges, are a key measure for risk mitigation, building resilience and supporting sustainable socio-economic development. This has become more important when our societies are facing climate change alongside the pressures induced by population growth, urbanisation and land use change. While traditionally physically based modelling approaches remain as a major tool base for studying the prognostics and diagnostics of these hazards, the ever high level of complexity of the underlying process and the interaction between the nature and human interface, and more importantly, the increasingly availability of new observations datasets, have necessitated many applications of tools and methods in the domain of hydroinformatics, such as data-driven modelling, machine learning, data fusion, alongside conventional sptial-temporal statistical analysis tools.

The aim of this session is to provide a platform and an opportunity to demonstrate and discuss innovative and recent advances of hydroinformatics applications and methodologies for analysing and producing diagnostics and prognostics of hydrometeorological hazards. It also aims to provide a forum for researchers from a variety of fields to effectively communicate their research. Submissions related to the following non-exhaustive topics are particularly welcome.
1. Spatial and temporal analysis of the incidence and distribution of hydrometeorological hazards;
2. Machine learning (e.g., CNN, GNN) in analysing and predicting hydrometeorological hazards.
3. Uncertainty quantification of coupled models, such as atmospheric-hydrological/hydrodynamic in the applications of diagnosing and predicting hydrometeorological hazards;
4. Development in quantitative methods for analysing compound hydrometeorological hazards;
5. Data assimilation and fusion of heterogeneous observations in hazards modelling, e.g., satellite-borne sensors and rainfall radars;
6. HPC (GPU) based algorithms and practice dealing with very large size datasets in prognostic modelling of hydrometeorological hazards, e.g., climate projections.
7. Modelling interface with human interactions in decision making, mitigation and impact studies.

This session aims to inform the geoscientists and engineers regarding new and/or improved instrumentation and methods for space and planetary exploration, as well as about their novel or established applications.
The session is open to all branches of planetary and space measurement tools and techniques, including, but not limited to: optical, electromagnetic, seismic, acoustic, particles, and gravity.
Please, kindly take contact with the conveners if you have a topic that may be suitable for a review talk.
This session is also intended as an open forum, where discussion between representatives of different fields within planetary, space and geosciences will be strongly encouraged, looking for a fruitful mutual exchange and cross fertilization between scientific areas.

Instrumentation and measurement technologies are currently playing a key role in the monitoring, assessment and protection of water resources.
This session focuses on measurement techniques, sensing methods and data science implications for the observation of water systems, emphasizing the strong link between measurement aspects and computational aspects characterising the water sector.
This session aims at providing an updated framework of the observational techniques, data processing approaches and sensing technologies for water management and protection, giving attention to today’s data science aspects, e.g. data analytics, big data, cloud computing and Artificial Intelligence.
Building a community around instrumentation & measurements for water systems is one of the aims of the session. In particular, participants to the EGU2020 edition of this session contributed to this book: A. Di Mauro, A. Scozzari & F. Soldovieri (eds.), Instrumentation and Measurement Technologies for Water Cycle Management, Springer Water, ISBN: 978-3-031-08261-0, 2022.
We welcome contributions about field measurement approaches, development of new sensing techniques, low cost sensor systems and measurement methods enabling crowdsourced data collection also through social sensing. Therefore, water quantity and quality measurements as well as water characterization techniques are within the scope of this session.
Remote sensing techniques for the monitoring of water resources and/or the related infrastructures are also welcome.
Contributions dealing with the integration of data from multiple sources are solicited, as well as the design of ICT architectures (including IoT concepts) and of computing systems for the user-friendly monitoring of the water resource and the related networks.
Studies about signal and data processing techniques (including AI approaches) and the integration between sensor networks and large data systems are also very encouraged.

Observations from aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS/UAV/UAS) and balloons are an important means to obtain a broad view of processes within the Earth environment during measurement campaigns. The range of available instruments enables a broad and flexible range of applications. It includes sensors for meteorological parameters, trace gases and cloud/aerosol particles and more complex systems like high spectral resolution lidar, hyperspectral imaging at wavelengths from the visible to thermal infra-red, solar-induced fluorescence and synthetic aperture radar. The use of small state-of-the-art instruments, the combination of more and more complex sets of instruments with improved accuracy and data acquisition speed enables more complex campaign strategies even on small aircraft, balloons or RPAS.
Applications include atmospheric parameters, structural and functional properties of vegetation, glaciological processes, sea ice and iceberg studies, soil and minerals and dissolved or suspended matter in inland water and the ocean. Ground based systems and satellites are key information sources to complement airborne datasets and a comprehensive view of the observed system is often obtained by combining all three. Aircraft and balloon operations depend on weather conditions either to obtain the atmospheric phenomenon of interest or the required surface-viewing conditions and so require detailed planning. They provide large horizontal and vertical coverage with adaptable temporal sampling. Future satellite instruments can be tested using airborne platforms during their development. The validation of operational satellite systems and applications using airborne measurements has come increasingly into focus with the European Copernicus program in recent years.
This session will bring together aircraft, balloon and RPAS operators and researchers to present:
• an overview of the current status of environmental research focusing on the use of airborne platforms
• recent observation campaigns and their outcomes
• multi-aircraft/balloon/RPAS and multi-RI campaigns
• using airborne and ground-based RI to complement satellite data, including cal/val campaigns
• identifying and closing capability gaps
• contributions of airborne measurements to modelling activities
• airborne platforms to reduce the environmental footprint of alternative observation strategies
• airborne instruments, developments and observations
• future plans involving airborne research

Earth observation (EO) technologies are valuable tools for providing the evidence necessary for decision making through the systematic monitoring, prediction and assessment of natural resources in a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, covering a range of multidisciplinary scientific communities and related applications.
Novel integrated systems can emerge by combining EO technologies with other sources of data and modeling tools that improve the availability, access and use of EO for a sustainable planet. With the access to EO data archives, past dynamics and trends can be identified and enable the training of dynamic models that can detect and predict various incidents. Both, monitoring and mapping are essential components of designing appropriate policies to prevent, for example, desertification and accelerate soil and water quality restoration.
The objective of this session is to explore the main challenges and the future directions of EO-driven approaches in two main pillars: environment and resilient society. A non-complete list of possible applications includes:
- develop decision making tools for improving agribusiness productivity, optimization of land and water management, explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of ecohydrological processes
- provide predictions of precipitation and monitor the meteorological drought using radar remote sensing
- investigate the interactions between atmospheric mechanisms and solar-related applications in a wide range of scales
- estimate the variations of sea surface levels with the use of satellite altimetry and tide gauge measurements
- monitor and model the evolution of aerosol and clouds in their natural environment using atmospheric remote sensing multi-platforms
- assess the risks to cultural heritage sites and critical infrastructure (CH/CI) due to natural hazards (i.e., fires, floods, earthquakes, etc.), propose preventive measures, integrate different sources of tools and data (e.g. EO imagery, machine learning, and geo-information data) for CH/CI and archaeolandscapes.
- Detect forest phenological changes and forest disturbances via various EO data (radar, multispectral, hyperspectral), identify possible abrupt changes in the forest phenology trend
- elaborate large amount of data using modelling tools for predicting and monitoring land, water and climate changes, and infer human origins and archaeological networks through the vast amount of EO data with the use of pattern recognition techniques.

The Lunar Science, Exploration & Utilisation Session will address the latest results from lunar missions: from ground-based and satellite measurements, to lunar meteorites research, terrestrial analog studies, laboratory experiments and modelling. All past/current results as well as future exploration ideas and prospects are welcome. The session aims to bring together contributions on theoretical models concerning the deep interior and subsurface structure and composition; observations of the surface morphology and composition; analyses of the atmospheric composition and dynamics; the interaction with the solar wind, analog studies and future habitability of the Moon.
This session also aims at presenting highlights of relevant recent results regarding the exploration and sustainable utilization of the Moon through observations, modelling, laboratory. Key research questions concerning the lunar surface, subsurface, interior and their evolution will be discussed. In detail, the topics of interest for this session include:
-Recent lunar results: geochemistry, geophysics in the context of open planetary science and exploration;
-Synthesis of results from Clementine, Prospector, SMART-1, Kaguya, Chang’e 1, 2 and 3, Chandrayaan-1, LCROSS, LADEE, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Artemis and GRAIL;
- First results from Chang'E 4, Chandrayaan2, Chang’E5, Commercial Lunar Payload;
- Goals and Status of missions under preparation: orbiters, Luna25-27, SLIM, GLXP legacy, LRP, commercial landers, Future landers, Lunar sample return missions;
- Precursor missions, instruments and investigations for landers, rovers, sample return, and human cis-lunar activities and human lunar surface sorties with Artemis and Intl Lunar Research Station;
- Preparation for International Lunar Decade: databases, instruments, missions, terrestrial field campaigns (eg EuroMoonMars), In-Situ Resources, ISRU, support studies;
- ILEWG and Global Exploration roadmaps towards a global robotic/human Moon village;
Note that this session is open to all branches of lunar science and exploration, and is intended as an open forum and discussion between diverse experts and Earth geoscientists and explorers at large. The session will include invited and contributed talks as well as a panel discussion and interactive posters with short oral introduction.

This session invites contributions on the latest developments and results in lidar remote sensing of the atmosphere, covering • new lidar techniques as well as applications of lidar data for model verification and assimilation, • ground-based, airborne, and space-borne lidar systems, • unique research systems as well as networks of instruments, • lidar observations of aerosols and clouds, thermodynamic parameters and wind, and trace-gases. Atmospheric lidar technologies have shown significant progress in recent years. While, some years ago, there were only a few research systems, mostly quite complex and difficult to operate on a longer-term basis because a team of experts was continuously required for their operation, advancements in laser transmitter and receiver technologies have resulted in much more rugged systems nowadays, many of which are already operated routinely in networks and several even being fully automated and commercially available. Consequently, also more and more data sets with very high resolution in range and time are becoming available for atmospheric science, which makes it attractive to consider lidar data not only for case studies but also for extended model comparison statistics and data assimilation. Here, ceilometers provide not only information on the cloud bottom height but also profiles of aerosol and cloud backscatter signals. Scanning Doppler lidars extend the data to horizontal and vertical wind profiles. Raman lidars and high-spectral resolution lidars provide more details than ceilometers and measure particle extinction and backscatter coefficients at multiple wavelengths. Other Raman lidars measure water vapor mixing ratio and temperature profiles. Differential absorption lidars give profiles of absolute humidity or other trace gases (like ozone, NOx, SO2, CO2, methane etc.). Depolarization lidars provide information on the shapes of aerosol and cloud particles. In addition to instruments on the ground, lidars are operated from airborne platforms in different altitudes. Even the first space-borne missions are now in orbit while more are currently in preparation. All these aspects of lidar remote sensing in the atmosphere will be part of this session.

There are multiple environmental pathways that impact human, animal, and plant health. Increasing climatic variability, including extreme weather events, coupled with human-environmental interactions leads to increased risks of disease outbreaks including vector- (e.g. Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, Malaria, Rift Valley Fever), water- (e.g. Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid) and air-borne (e.g. Coronavirus, Influenza) diseases. These phenomena have a spatiotemporal distribution driven by the interactions of climate and environmental variables (e.g. precipitation, specific humidity, runoff, vegetation indices) with that of the vectors and hosts of each individual disease. This session is seeking research that advances the state-of-the-art in disease early warning. This can range from developing the system for which these disease models can reside to advancing the science behind individual routes of transmission using climatic, weather, and remote sensing data products.

Our planet is shaped by a multitude of physical, chemical and biological processes. Most of these processes and their effect on the ground’s properties can be sensed by seismic instruments – as discrete events or ongoing signatures. Seismic methods have been developed, adopted and advanced to study those dynamics at or near the surface of the earth, with unprecedented detail, completeness and resolution. The community of geophysicists interested in earth surface dynamics and geomorphologists, glaciologists, hydrologists, volcanologists, geochemists, biologists and engineering geologists interested in using arising geophysical tools and techniques is progressively growing and collaboratively advancing that emerging scientific discipline.

When you are interested in contributing to or getting to know about the latest methodological and theoretical developments, field and lab scale experimental outcomes, and the broad range of applications in geomorphology, glaciology, hydrology, meteorology, engineering geology, volcanology and natural hazards, then this session would be your choice. We anticipate a lively discussion about standing questions in earth surface dynamics research and how seismic methods could help solving them, we will debate about community based research opportunities and are looking forward to bringing together transdisciplinary knowledge and mutual curiousity.

Topical keywords: erosion, transient, landslide, rockfall, debris flow, fracturing, stress, granular flow, rock mechanics, snow avalanche, calving, icequake, basal motion, subglacial, karst, bedload, flood, GLOF, early warning, coast, tsunami, eruption, tremor, turbidity current, groundwater, soil moisture, noise, dv/v, HVSR, fundamental frequency, polarisation, array, DAS, infra sound, machine learning, classification, experiment.

Sediment transport is a fundamental component of all geomorphic systems (including fluvial, aeolian, coastal, hillslopes and glacial), yet it is something that we still find surprisingly difficult both to monitor and to model. Robust data on where and how sediment transport occurs are needed to address outstanding research questions, including the spatial and temporal controls on critical shear stress, the influence of varying grain size distributions, and the impact of large magnitude events. Recent developments have provided a) new opportunities for measuring sediment transport in the field; and b) new ways to represent sediment transport in both physical laboratory models and in numerical models. These developments include (but are not limited to) the application of techniques such as seismic and acoustic monitoring, 3D imaging (e.g. CT and MRI scanning), deployment of sensors such as accelerometers, replication of field topography using 3D printing, use of luminescence as a sediment tracer, remote sensing of turbidity, discrete numerical modelling, and new statistical approaches.

In this session we welcome contributions from all areas of geomorphology that develop new methods for monitoring and modelling all types of sediment transport, or that showcase an application of such methods. Contributions from ECRs and underrepresented groups are particularly encouraged.

Ground penetrating radar and geophysical applications have been and are evolving thanks to the increasing need of environmental control and monitoring. The instruments are continuously improving while their price is progressively decreasing too. In particular, geophysical instruments are useful to geologists, archaeologists, engineers, policemen, soldiers, hydro-geophysicists, architects and so on with regard to topic as safety, resilience, cultural heritage and so on. Such a topic deserves, we think, occasions for discussion and exchanging ideas, also at the EGU conference.
The hopefully progressively overcoming of the COVID-19 pandemic encourages to propose a session were new systems, new applications, new data processing can be proposed, together with case histories of meaningful interest for the scientific community.
Consequently, contributions are welcome with regard to all the aspects of the GPR technique, ranging from the hardware of the systems to the data processing and any theoretical aspect, including innovative applications or procedures as well as results of particular relevance, possibly achieved within an integrated measurement campaign founded on a plurality of geophysical techniques.
Hope to see you in Vienna.

Muography is a passive and non-destructive imaging technique that utilizes cosmic-ray muons for visualizing and monitoring the interior of large-scale geological structures and human-made objects. Thanks to the rapid technological development in muography, this technique can resolve Earth's shallow subsurface with a resolution of a few meters. Muography can be a useful tool for the Earth sciences and for the related engineering fields: it can be utilized for improving the understanding of volcanic phenomena, contributing to the mitigation of either volcanic or water related hazards, characterizing the overburden above underground sites, allowing sustainable mining activities, exploring hidden cultural heritages, improving public safety by monitoring infrastructures, etc. We welcome abstracts from both developers and potential users who have proposals for the future utilization of muography.

Finding the best method both to monitor environmental processes occurring at the earth surface and to explore data related to them is a challenge for many scientists. The spatial and temporal extension of a process and the observation scale chosen can strongly conditionate the fully understanding of the phenomenon itself. Further, the structural peculiarities of the geochemical data, describing the composition of the matrices used to monitor the environment, are often capable to hidden meaningful relationships among elements in favor of spurious correlations dependent on the so-called closure effect affecting them.
The intrinsic aim of this session is to propose a comparison of methods, including both innovative monitoring and data elaboration techniques, with the purpose of providing a real time review of the pros and the counter associated to the different approaches reported. All the scientists using geochemical data to evaluate the impact of human activities on the environment and aiming at finding the “best solution” for the spatial and temporal discrimination of contamination are invited to contribute to this session.
Studies on single matrices are welcome although research based on the outcomes of integrated plans based on several matrices, including biological ones, would be of greater interest. Similarly, contributions focusing on data elaboration techniques using multivariate analysis and machine learning are encouraged especially if they consider the compositional nature of geochemical data.

Carbonate minerals are ubiquitous throughout all geological environments in the Earth`s crust, forming via biogenic, marine, diagenetic, hydrothermal, magmatic, and metamorphic processes. Therefore, refining our understanding of carbonate formation can contribute towards addressing important geological and societal problems, such as the Earth`s past and present carbon cycle or the exploration of critical raw materials. The study of carbonate minerals is one that crosses multiple sectors and disciplines, with several novel applications emerging in recent years. Similarly, recent analytical developments allow for the application of geochronological, trace element and isotope geochemical techniques across a wide range of scales and sample materials. To keep track of these emerging techniques, this session aims to bring together an interdisciplinary community working both on method development and on the application of techniques investigating carbonate minerals. We invite geoscientists from all fields (e.g., paleoceanology, economic geology, igneous petrology, carbon storage) to contribute to this session by presenting their research in carbonate geochronology (e.g., U-Pb dating), carbonate trace element geochemistry (e.g., rare earth elements), and carbonate isotope geochemistry (e.g., strontium, clumped isotopes).

Landslides, debris flows and avalanches are common types of unsteady bulk mass movements. Globally, the risk from these mass movements is expected to increase, due to changes in precipitation patterns, rising average temperatures and continued urbanisation of mountainous regions. Climate change also reduces the power of site-specific empirically-based predictions, requiring updated approaches for effective and robust management of the associated risk.

Given sustained improvements in computational power, the techniques involving artificial intelligence and explicit hydromechanical modelling are becoming more and more widespread. Both techniques have the advantages of reducing our dependence on empirical approaches. This session thus covers two main domains:

1) New approaches and state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques on remote sensing data for creating and updating landslide inventories.
2) Advances in hydromechanical numerical models and digital tools for geophysical mass flows.

The ultimate goal of both is integration into the wider context of hazard and/or risk assessment and mitigation.

Contributions to this session may involve:
(a) Regional scale analysis for landslide detection and applications for establishing multi-temporal inventories.
(b) Data processing, fusion, and data manipulation, as well as novel AI model tuning practices.
(c) Evaluating the quality of landslide detection through AI techniques.
(d) Comparing the performance of different AI segmentation models.
(e) Novel constitutive and hydromechanical modelling of flows, both at the field- and laboratory-scales.
(f) Hydromechanical modelling of the interaction of mass movements with structural countermeasures.
(g) Advances in risk analysis through the integration of digital technologies and multidisciplinary viewpoints (potentially including combining AI and hydromechanical modelling techniques).

This interdisciplinary session brings together modellers and observationalists to present results and exchange knowledge and experience in the use of data assimilation in the cryospheric sciences such as inverse methods, geostatistics and machine learning. In numerous research fields it is now possible to not only deduce static features of a physical system but also to retrieve information on transient processes between different states or even regime shifts. In the cryospheric sciences a large potential for future developments lies at the intersection of observations and models with the aim to improve prognostic capabilities in space and time. Compared to other geoscientific disciplines like meteorology or oceanography, where techniques such as data assimilation have been well established for decades, in the cryospheric sciences only the foundation has been laid for the use of these techniques, one reason often being the sparsity of observations. We invite contributions from a wide range of methodological backgrounds - from satellite observations to deep-looking geophysical methods and advancements in numerical techniques - and research topics including permafrost, sea ice and snow to glaciers and ice sheets, covering static system characterisation as well as transient processes.

Geophysical and in-situ measurements provide important baseline datasets, as well as validation for modelling and remote sensing products. They are used to advance our understanding of firn, ice-sheet and glacier dynamics, sea ice processes, changes in snow cover and snow properties, snow/ice-atmosphere-ocean interactions, permafrost degradation, geomorphic mechanisms, and changes in en-glacial and sub-glacial conditions.

In this session, we welcome contributions related to a wide spectrum of methods, including, but not limited to, advances in radioglaciology, active and passive seismology, geoelectrics, acoustic sounding, fibre-optic sensing, GNSS reflectometry, signal attenuation, and time delay techniques, cosmic ray neutron sensing, ROV and drone applications, and electromagnetic methods. Contributions can include  field applications, new approaches in geophysical or in-situ survey techniques, or theoretical advances in data analysis processing or inversion. Case studies from all parts of the cryosphere, including snow and firn, alpine glaciers, ice sheets, glacial and periglacial environments, permafrost and rock glaciers, or sea ice, are highly welcome.

The focus of the session is to share  experiences in the application, processing, analysis, and interpretation of different geophysical and in-situ techniques in these highly complex environments. We have been running this session for more than a decade and it always produces lively and informative discussion.

The Earth's inner magnetosphere contains different charged particle populations, such as the Van Allen radiation belts, ring current particles, and plasmaspheric particles. Their energy range varies from eV to several MeV, and the interplay among the charged particles provides feedback mechanisms that couple all those populations together. Ring current particles can generate various waves, for example, EMIC waves and chorus waves, which play important roles in the dynamic evolution of the radiation belts through wave-particle interactions. Ring current electrons can be accelerated to relativistic radiation belt electrons. The plasmaspheric medium can also affect these processes. In addition, precipitation of ring current and radiation belt particles will influence the ionosphere, while up-flows of ionospheric particles can affect dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. Understanding these coupling processes is crucial.

While the dynamics of outer planets’ magnetospheres are driven by a unique combination of internal coupling processes, these systems have several fascinating similarities which make comparative studies particularly interesting. We invite a broad range of theoretical, modeling, and observational studies focusing on the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere of the Earth and outer planets, including the coupling of the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere and coupling between the solar wind disturbances and various magnetospheric processes. Contributions from all relevant fields, including theoretical studies, numerical modeling, and observations from satellite and ground-based missions are welcome. In particular, we encourage presentations using data from MMS, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, Arase (ERG), Cluster, cube-sat missions, Juno, SuperDARN, magnetometer, optical imagers, IS-radars, and ground-based VLF measurements.

Environmental systems often span spatial and temporal scales covering different orders of magnitude. The session is oriented toward collecting studies relevant to understand multiscale aspects of these systems and in proposing adequate multi-platform and inter-disciplinary surveillance networks monitoring tools systems. It is especially aimed to emphasize the interaction between environmental processes occurring at different scales. In particular, special attention is devoted to the studies focused on the development of new techniques and integrated instrumentation for multiscale monitoring of high natural risk areas, such as volcanic, seismic, energy exploitation, slope instability, floods, coastal instability, climate changes, and another environmental context.
We expect contributions derived from several disciplines, such as applied geophysics, geology, seismology, geodesy, geochemistry, remote and proximal sensing, volcanology, geotechnical, soil science, marine geology, oceanography, climatology, and meteorology. In this context, the contributions in analytical and numerical modeling of geological and environmental processes are also expected.
Finally, we stress that the inter-disciplinary studies that highlight the multiscale properties of natural processes analyzed and monitored by using several methodologies are welcome.

Remote sensing (RS) plays a fundamental role in the impact analysis and mitigation of the impacts of climate change and human activities, supporting the achievement of Sustainable Developments Goals of United Nations (e.g. SDG2, SDG11, SDG13, SDG15). For three decades, RS from satellite has been established as a powerful monitoring tool able to cover extended areas at low cost and with regular revisit capability. However, to face the current and expected future increase in the frequency of natural hazards, new technologies have been developed with the aims to improve the flexibility in data collections and resolution. A branch of these new developed technologies are the uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) equipped with different sensors (optical, microwave, near-infrared, thermal infrared sensors). They allow bridging the gap among spaceborne and ground-based RS data providing ultra-high resolution spatial data, with a significant advantage on the flexibility of flight scheduling and the environmental data collection. These multi-source UAS-sensing data drive new developments in the field of RS applications: the mapping of the modification induced by climate change, as by the erosion and landslides, by tectonic, volcanic or human processes, as well as the improvement of crop monitoring to support a sustainable precision agriculture. On those bases a number of synergy was observed between the “sensing technologies” in the Geosciences community. The session will really focus on the several aspects of this cooperation in terms of technology and team-work and how they answer to the needing of the SDG of United Nations. In this context, we encourage who is involved concurrence development and applications to show their most recent findings focused for example on: (i) reviewing the trends of satellite RS in terrain surveys before and after the geological phenomena in integration with UAS measurement systems; (ii) UAS configuration and specifications for precision agriculture, vegetation management; (iii) the changes with the use of UAS, for those doing remote measurement with the ability to control every segment of the RS chain.

Remote sensing measurements, acquired using different platforms - ground, UAV, aircraft and satellite - have increasingly become rapidly developing technologies to study and monitor Earth surface, to perform comprehensive analysis and modeling, with the final goal of supporting decision systems for ecosystem management. The spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions of remote sensors have been continuously improving, making environmental remote sensing more accurate and comprehensive than ever before. Such progress enables understanding of multiscale aspects of high-risk natural phenomena and development of multi-platform and inter-disciplinary surveillance monitoring tools. The session welcomes contributions focusing on present and future perspectives in environmental remote sensing, from multispectral/hyperspectral optical and thermal sensors. Applications are encouraged to cover, but not limited to, the monitoring and characterization of environmental changes and natural hazards from volcanic and seismic processes, landslides, and soil science. Specifically, we are looking for novel solutions and approaches including the topics as follows: (i) state-of-the-art techniques focusing on novel quantitative methods; (ii) new applications for state-of-the-art sensors, including UAVs and other close-range systems; (iii) techniques for multiplatform data fusion.

Radioactivity is ubiquitous in the environment a result of i) cosmic radiation from space and secondary radiation from the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, ii) terrestrial sources from soils and rocks and particularly Potassium, Uranium and Thorium and their decay products among which Radon gas stands out. Artificial radionuclides from nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents provide an additional contribution to the environmental radioactivity.
Nuclear techniques enable the measurement of radioactivity in air, soils and water making it a particularly appealing tool for tracing time-varying environmental phenomena.
The session deals with the measurement and the exploitation of environmental radioactivity in all areas of geosciences including geological surveys, mineral and space resources exploration, atmosphere and groundwater monitoring. Studies about the use of fallout radionuclides as environmental tracers and the relevance of the radioactivity for public health, including the contamination from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM), are welcome. We solicit contributions about novel methods and instrumentation including portable detectors, airborne and drones surveys and geostatistical methods for radioactivity mapping.

European production and infrastructure depend on a supply of high-quality raw materials. Ensuring that the needed materials are produced responsibly in European mines guarantees sustainable supply and prevents European countries from becoming dependent upon imports from global markets. To support the development of the European mining industry through technological solutions integrating remote sensing (both satellite and aerial) and on-site recorded data is needed. One such solution is an H2020 GoldenEye project developed Goldeneye platform. Technologies involved, but not limited to are, artificial intelligence, Earth observations data (InSAR, RGB, multispectral), drone-based data (RGB, multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, electromagnetic and conductivity surveys) supported with extensive ground-truth sampling.

The purpose of the session is to gather experts, service providers, trial site providers and interested alike in highlighting the ongoing research, sister projects and their applications on remote sensing and artificial intelligence for safe, sustainable and cost-efficient mining operations.

The conveners encourage both applied and theoretical contributions, together with how the trial sites can support the application development.

This session is organised in the frame of the Horizon 2020 co-funded project GOLDENEYE, which has received funds through Grant Agreement 869398.

Cosmic rays carry information about space and solar activity, and, once near the Earth, they produce isotopes, influence genetic information, and are extraordinarily sensitive to water. Given the vast spectrum of interactions of cosmic rays with matter in different parts of the Earth and other planets, cosmic-ray research ranges from studies of the solar system to the history of the Earth, and from health and security issues to hydrology, agriculture, and climate change.
Although research on cosmic-ray particles is connected to a variety of disciplines and applications, they all share similar questions and challenges regarding the physics of detection, modeling, and the influence of environmental factors.

The session brings together scientists from all fields of research that are related to monitoring and modeling of cosmogenic radiation. It will allow sharing of expertise amongst international researchers as well as showcase recent advancements in their field. The session aims to stimulate discussions about how individual disciplines can share their knowledge and benefit from each other.

We solicit contributions related but not limited to:
- Health, security, and radiation protection: cosmic-ray dosimetry on Earth and its dependence on environmental and atmospheric factors
- Planetary space science: satellite and ground-based neutron and gamma-ray sensors to detect water and soil constituents
- Neutron and Muon monitors: detection of high-energy cosmic-ray variations and its dependence on local, atmospheric, and magnetospheric factors
- Hydrology and climate change: low-energy neutron sensing to measure water in reservoirs at and near the land surface, such as soils, snow pack, and vegetation
- Cosmogenic nuclides: as tracers of atmospheric circulation and mixing; as a tool in archaeology or glaciology for dating of ice and measuring ablation rates; and as a tool for surface exposure dating and measuring rates of surficial geological processes
- Detector design: technological advancements in the detection of cosmic rays and cosmogenic particles
- Cosmic-ray modeling: advances in modeling of the cosmic-ray propagation through the magnetosphere and atmosphere, and their response to the Earth's surface
- Impact modeling: How can cosmic-ray monitoring support environmental models, weather and climate forecasting, agricultural and irrigation management, and the assessment of natural hazards

From the real-time integration of multi-parametric observations is expected the major contribution to the development of operational t-DASH systems suitable for supporting decision makers with continuously updated seismic hazard scenarios. A very preliminary step in this direction is the identification of those parameters (seismological, chemical, physical, biological, etc.) whose space-time dynamics and/or anomalous variability can be, to some extent, associated with the complex process of preparation of major earthquakes.
This session wants then to encourage studies devoted to demonstrate the added value of the introduction of specific, observations and/or data analysis methods within the t-DASH and StEF perspectives. Therefore, studies based on long-term data analyses, including different conditions of seismic activity, are particularly encouraged. Similarly welcome will be the presentation of infrastructures devoted to maintain and further develop our present observational capabilities of earthquake related phenomena also contributing in this way to build a global multi-parametric Earthquakes Observing System (EQuOS) to complement the existing GEOSS initiative.
To this aim this session is not addressed just to seismology and natural hazards scientists but also to geologist, atmospheric sciences and electromagnetism researchers, whose collaboration is particular important for fully understand mechanisms of earthquake preparation and their possible relation with other measurable quantities. For this reason, all contributions devoted to the description of genetic models of earthquake’s precursory phenomena are equally welcome.

Increasing effects of climate change, urbanization, and increased interconnectedness between ecological, physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk management in a globalised world. Economic losses from natural hazards and climate change are still increasing, and the recent series of catastrophic events across the world together with the COVID-19 crisis and ongoing conflicts have manifested the need to shift from single-hazard and sectoral approaches to new and innovative ways of assessing and managing risks across sectors, borders and scales based on a multi-hazard and systemic risk lens.

Addressing the above challenges, this session aims to gather the latest research, empirical studies, and observation data that are useful for understanding and assessing the complex interplay between multiple natural hazards and social vulnerabilities to: (i) identify persistent gaps, (ii) propose potential ways forward, and (iii) inform resilience building strategies in the context of global change.

Assessing the uncertainty in observations and in scientific results is a fundamental part of the scientific process. In principle uncertainty estimates allow data of different types to be weighted appropriately in joint interpretations, allow existing results to be tested against new data, allow potential implications of the results to be tested for relative significance, allow differences between best-fit model estimates to be explained, and allow quantitative risk assessments to be performed. In practice, uncertainty estimation can be theoretically challenging, computationally expensive, model-dependent and subject to expert biases. This session will explore the value or otherwise of the significant effort that is required to assess uncertainty in practice.

We welcome contributions from the solid Earth sciences for and against the calculation and use of uncertainties. We welcome those that extend the use of subsurface model uncertainties for important purposes, and which demonstrate the value of uncertainties. We also welcome contributions which argue against the value of uncertainties, perhaps particularly given the cost of their assessment. Uses of uncertainties may include value of information (VOI) calculations, the use of models for forecasting new qualities that can be tested, the reconciliation of historically diverse models of the same structures or phenomena, or any other result that fits the overall brief of demonstrating value. Arguments against the value of uncertainty may include anything from pragmatic uses of uncertainty estimates that have demonstrably failed to be useful, to philosophical issues of how it is possible even to define uncertainty in model-based contexts. All pertinent contributions are welcome, as is a lively discussion!

Geoscience underpins many aspects of the energy mix that fuels our planet and offers a range of solutions for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions as the world progresses towards net zero. The aim of this session is to explore and develop the contribution of geology, geophysics and petrophysics to the development of sustainable energy resources in the transition to low-carbon energy. The meeting will be a key forum for sharing geoscientific aspects of energy supply as earth scientists grapple with the subsurface challenges of remaking the world’s energy system, balancing competing demands in achieving a low carbon future.

Papers should show the use of any technology or modelling that was initially developed for use in conventional oil and gas industries, and show it being applied to either sustainable energy developments or to CCS, subsurface waste disposal or water resources.
Relevant topics include but are not limited to:
1. Exploration & appraisal of the subsurface aspects of geothermal, hydro and wind resources.
2. Appraisal & exploration of developments needed to provide raw materials for solar energy, electric car batteries and other rare earth elements needed for the modern digital society.
3. The use of reservoir modelling, 3D quantification and dynamic simulation for the prediction of subsurface energy storage.
4. The use of reservoir integrity cap-rock studies, reservoir modelling, 3D quantification and dynamic simulation for the development of CCS locations.
5. Quantitative evaluation of porosity, permeability, reactive transport & fracture transport at subsurface radioactive waste disposal sites.
6. The use of petrophysics, geophysics and geology in wind-farm design.
7. The petrophysics and geomechanical aspects of geothermal reservoir characterisation and exploitation including hydraulic fracturing.

The session also includes modelling of geological subsurface utilisation in terms of chemical or thermal energy storage as well as hydrocarbon production and storage are required to ensure a safe and sustainable energy supply.

First part - Mining the future

Research and innovation in exploration and mining of raw materials is increasingly focused on the prospect of developing new methods and technologies to reduce the environmental footprint of mineral extraction and exploration.

The robotization of exploration/production platforms, such as robotic autonomous explorers and miners, will allow to reconsider “non-economical” deposits (abandoned, small, ultra-depth), and to open as well towards the autonomous exploration and exploitation of other non-terrestrial bodies, including asteroids and moons.

Technological advances in the production process, included, but not limited to, X-ray sensors, hyper spectral techniques, LIBS, electromagnetic, combined with machine learning, AI models and efficient mechatronic solutions, will pave the way to a green mining industry.

We welcome contributions from researchers working on applied or interdisciplinary studies associated with mining exploration, geophysics, geochemistry, metallurgy, selective mining.

Second part - Novel developments in understanding the petrogenesis of REE resources

As a result of the critical need for rare earth elements (REE) in new technologies, in particular green energy production, the number of geological studies focusing on their ore formation have recently increased. REE deposits form in a variety of igneous and sedimentary environments. However, depending on factors such as relative and absolute REE content, mineralogy of the REE-bearing phases, host rock properties etc., their economic value can vary significantly. In addition to economic geology, REE deposits are ideal laboratories for understanding the elemental and isotopic behaviour of these elements in different geological environments, as well as the petrogenesis of their host rocks (e.g., carbonatites, alkaline igneous rocks, laterites, phosphorites etc.).
In this session, we will discuss new developments in understanding the formation of already known and recently discovered REE deposits. Studies based on different methodologies including new mathematical modelling techniques, field mapping, experimental petrology, mineralogical observations, in-situ and whole rock elemental and isotopic characterization will be discussed.

We welcome submission of studies conducted on different geological environments with different techniques discussing the conditions leading to concentration (and possibly differentiation) of the REE.