The Quaternary Period (the last 2.6 million years) is characterized by frequent and abrupt climate swings and rapid environmental change. Studying these changes requires accurate, precise dating methods that can be applied effectively to environmental archives. Different methods or a combination of various dating techniques can be used depending on the archive, time range, and research question. Varve counting and dendrochronology allow for the construction of high-resolution chronologies. In contrast, radiometric methods (radiocarbon, cosmogenic in-situ, U-Th, and even Pb-210 for the Anthropocene), luminescence dating, and electron spin resonance dating provide independent anchors for chronologies that span longer timescales. We particularly welcome contributions that aim to (1) reduce, quantify, and express dating uncertainties in any dating method, including high-resolution radiocarbon approaches; (2) use established geochronological methods to answer new questions; (3) use new methods including recognizing and critically examine their limitations to address longstanding issues, or; (4) combine different chronometric techniques for improved results, including the analysis of chronological datasets with novel methods, e.g., Bayesian age-depth modeling; (5) we also welcome contributions integrating multiple chronological and provenance tools including U-Pb geochronology and apatite fission track thermochronology to constrain sediment provenance and source to sink dynamics. Applications may aim to understand long-term landscape evolution, quantify rates of geomorphological processes, or provide chronologies for records of climate change and anthropogenic effects on Earth's system.

Stable, radiogenic, and radioactive isotopes are fundamental tools for understanding Earth’s climate system. Isotopic measurements trace the chemical reactions, mass transfers, and biogeochemical cycles that link climate to other components of the Earth system, and they underpin many past climate reconstructions. Analytical advances, such as triple oxygen isotopes and compound-specific isotope analysis, are opening new avenues for scientific study, while established isotopic methods are steadily being applied to new archives and environmental settings. This session welcomes researchers developing and applying isotopic tools for past and present climate studies. We encourage contributions presenting new analytical methods, calibration and proxy advances, applications to new or underused archives, and modern studies that improve the interpretation of isotopic records. We also welcome studies that integrate isotopic data with geochemical, geomorphic, or climatological evidence, including multi-proxy archive studies, or with modelling approaches such as source mixing and isotope-enabled climate models.

Rocks deform, fracture, dissolve and melt over time, yet most of what we know about these processes comes from before-and-after snapshots. Three-dimensional and time-resolved (4D) X-ray imaging changes this by letting us follow the same sample as it evolves under stress, fluid flow, and changing temperature, at scales from pores to the whole specimen. This session brings together researchers who use laboratory microCT, synchrotron imaging and neutron tomography to observe these processes directly, and those who turn the resulting images into quantitative models.
We welcome contributions that use 3D and 4D imaging to study fracture and faulting, compaction and creep, multiphase and reactive flow, melt and bubble migration, and volcanic and magmatic processes. We equally encourage methodological advances: new experimental rigs, digital volume correlation, machine-learning segmentation, and workflows linking images to numerical simulations (FEM, DEM, lattice-Boltzmann) and theory.
By connecting rock physics, volcanology and materials science, the session aims to build a shared community around a common question: what do we learn when we can watch the process, not just its result?

What can thermochronology resolve today, and where can it take us next? Linking methodological advances with geological questions is central to expanding the capabilities and applications of thermochronology. This session brings the thermochronology community together to exchange approaches and findings across regions and disciplines.

We welcome contributions addressing (1) theoretical and experimental advances that introduce new thermochronometers or improve our understanding of conventional systems, including fission-track, (U-Th)/He, ⁴He/³He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, Raman, and trapped-charge methods; (2) approaches to data interpretation, thermal history and thermokinematic modelling that assess uncertainties and test geological scenarios; (3) integration of thermochronology with complementary evidence such as geomorphology, remote sensing or isotopic methods; and (4) geological applications constraining the timing, magnitude and rates of lithospheric and Earth-surface processes across spatial and temporal scales. Applications may range from tectonics and exhumation to landscape evolution and sedimentary histories, while also exploring weathering, hydrothermalism, and ore deposit formation and preservation. Both established uses and new directions have a place in this session. Across these themes, we encourage discussion of unexpected results and interpretative limitations alongside methodological advances and geological findings.

The clastic sediment archive records the transfer of material between lithological reservoirs, mediated by surface processes. Sedimentary provenance analysis aims to reconstruct these transfers across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, from sediment generation and routing in modern landscapes to paleogeographic reconstructions, the evolution of mountain belts, past climatic and erosional conditions, and the tectono-magmatic-metamorphic evolution of Earth through deep time.

However, the relationship between source rocks and resulting sediment is inherently complex. Weathering and erosion control the initial composition of sediment, while transport and depositional processes such as abrasion, mixing, hydraulic sorting, intermediate storage, and dissolution may further modify its composition. Disentangling these processes requires both an improved understanding of source-to-sediment relationships and increasingly sophisticated analytical and quantitative approaches.

This session brings together studies addressing both aspects of this challenge. We invite contributions investigating sediment generation, source-to-sediment relationships and deep-time reconstructions using observations from natural systems, experiments, and numerical models, as well as methodological advances in sedimentary provenance analysis. These may include petrographic and textural approaches; single-grain geochemistry, isotopic analysis, geo- and thermochronology; mineral inclusions and thermobarometry; fingerprinting and multi-proxy provenance approaches; and statistical, computational, and machine-learning methods for analysing increasingly large and complex datasets.

Recent findings from the Paleozoic Caledonian (North European), Appalachian (North American), and Variscan (European–North African) belts highlight overlapping timelines for major magmatic and tectono-metamorphic events. This synchronization suggests these orogenies were interconnected, driven by the simultaneous subduction of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans during much of their evolution. However, reconstructing this complex orogenic collage remains difficult because subsequent tectonic and thermal events have overprinted primary structures, obscuring vital geochronological, structural, and geochemical data. Consequently, understanding the continuity between distinct terranes and oceanic sutures remains a major challenge. To address these questions, we invite contributions that advance our understanding of these large-scale geodynamic processes. We highly encourage multidisciplinary regional studies, detailed petrological and geochronological research, and integrative lithospheric- to mantle-scale models.

Global demand for critical metals is rising sharply, driven by the energy transition, electrification, and geopolitical pressure on supply chains, while historically high gold prices have made lower-grade and more geologically challenging precious-metal resources economically attractive to mine. Deformation plays a central role in this challenge: it can remobilise, concentrate, or trap metals at scales ranging from crystal defects to orogen-scale structures, controlling where these resources ultimately reside. This session explores how structural processes, from dislocation-scale metal siting in ore minerals to dilational sites hosting mineralised veins and intrusions, govern the distribution of precious and critical metals, and what this means for meeting future supply needs. We welcome contributions examining ore-forming processes genetically linked to deformation, resolving micro- to nano-scale controls on metal distribution and mobilisation, or establishing how crustal deformation governs ore distribution and what that implies for designing effective exploration strategies.

AI is rapidly transforming research in deep Earth geodynamics, shaping research strategy, driving new research pathways, and promoting new research directions. This session invites AI-driven contributions and Machine Learning applications from geodynamics and related disciplines focusing on the structure and evolution of the Earth's crust and upper mantle.

Subduction zones are complex, evolving systems in which the downgoing plate, plate interface, mantle wedge, overriding plate and surrounding mantle interact across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. These interactions govern plate motions and deformation, shape mountain belts and sedimentary basins, drive mantle flow and chemical recycling, and generate much of Earth’s seismicity and volcanism. Yet fundamental questions remain about how subduction initiates, how it is maintained, why its geometry and style vary, and how subduction zones reorganize or cease.

This session focuses on the dynamics of the complete subduction system, from the surface and plate boundary to the transition zone and lower mantle. We invite contributions addressing subduction initiation, propagation, maturation and termination; slab geometry, strength and deformation; plate-interface coupling, seismicity and slow slip; mantle-wedge and sub-slab flow; overriding-plate deformation and topographic response; trench migration and slab rollback; flat-slab and stagnant-slab behaviour; tearing, break-off and delamination; interactions with ridges, plateaus, seamounts and inherited lithospheric structure; and slab penetration into, or stagnation within, the deep mantle.

We also welcome studies examining how rheology, thermal structure, phase transitions, hydration and dehydration, fluids, melts and compositional heterogeneity influence subduction dynamics and their surface expression. Contributions may address present-day or ancient systems and may use geophysical, geological, geodetic, geochemical and petrological observations, laboratory experiments, analytical theory or numerical models.

The Caribbean supra-subduction system has undergone continuous evolution and repeated reorganizations since the Late Mesozoic, while remaining intensely active today. Subduction, arc and back-arc dynamics interact with major strike-slip systems, collision zones and distributed deformation, together shaping a broad, complex and evolving plate-boundary region. The geological record and present-day activity of this system provide complementary constraints on how plate boundaries initiate, evolve, interact, merge and disappear, and on the processes controlling their localization and reorganization.
Increasingly refined geological, geochemical, geochronological, geophysical and geodetic observations constrain this evolution from Mesozoic plate configurations to present-day fault kinematics and deformation. Geochronological, geochemical and isotopic records provide temporal and petrogenetic constraints on magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, crust–mantle interactions and changes in geodynamic regime through time. Together, these observations reveal interactions between crustal deformation, inherited structures, subduction dynamics, mantle flow and magmatism, providing an opportunity to investigate how these processes interact across crustal and mantle depths and how past evolution influences present-day deformation.
We welcome contributions addressing the structure, kinematics, dynamics and evolution of the Caribbean tectonic system, including plate reconstructions and boundary reorganization, active faulting and deformation partitioning, subduction and back-arc processes, mantle dynamics, seismicity, magmatism and arc evolution, fluid-rock interactions, and vertical motions. We encourage contributions integrating geological, geochemical, geochronological, geophysical, geodetic and modelling approaches, particularly those using the Caribbean to address broader questions about the dynamics and evolution of plate boundaries and supra-subduction systems.

Mid-ocean ridges, transform faults, and fracture zones provide natural laboratories to study the formation and evolution of oceanic lithosphere. Advances in deep-sea exploration, geophysical imaging, analytical techniques, and numerical modelling have improved our understanding of these systems. At the same time, observations from modern oceanic lithosphere provide constraints on the processes recorded in ancient oceanic and ophiolitic sequences.

The relative roles and interactions of magmatism, tectonic deformation, and hydrothermal circulation remain poorly constrained. Recent advances reveal significant complexity of transform faults and fracture zones, with increasing evidence for magmatism and hydrothermal circulation within and beyond the transform domain. Their role in fluid transport, heat transfer, and chemical exchange between the lithosphere and the ocean remains an open question.

This session brings together multidisciplinary studies of oceanic lithosphere along and beyond mid-ocean ridges, including transform faults, fracture zones, and off-axis regions. We welcome geological, geophysical, geochemical, petrological, and modelling studies, particularly those integrating complementary datasets or approaches. Contributions based on high-resolution deep-sea observations, ocean drilling, and geodynamic modelling are encouraged. The session also welcomes studies addressing ancient oceanic lithosphere and Proterozoic or Archean analogues.

Cratons preserve some of Earth’s oldest continental crust and provide fundamental insights into the formation, stabilization, and dynamics of the early continents. Their emergence established long-lived, stable environments that may have influenced the development and persistence of early life. While many cratons survived since Archean, advances in seismic imaging, integrated with geochemical and geological observations suggests that some of them are modified or even destroyed in the recent past. While the mechanisms of destruction and modification remain debated, their destabilisation of the cratonic lithosphere may have disrupted deep lithospheric reservoirs, facilitating the release of volatiles into the atmosphere and establishing an important link between Earth’s deep interior, lithosphere, and atmosphere. This connection further emphasizes the economical significance of cratons, as the primary repository of diamonds and critical minerals essential for modern technologies, making their study central to the energy transition. For this session, we invite multidisciplinary contributions including but not limited to geodynamics, geochemistry, geology, seismology, and biogeodynamics. The focus is on investigating craton dynamics and its critical role in shaping Earth’s processes, from early planetary development to modern geological history.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

Classic rheological models predicting a depth that separates brittle deformation in the upper crust from a region below in which deformation is dominated by ductile processes have long been outdated. In fact, the deformation behaviour of Earth’s lithosphere is more complex and brittle and ductile processes may interact throughout the lithosphere. In the rock record, brittle deformation may be expressed as features ranging from micro-fracturing of mineral grains up to large-scale faults with or without evidence of seismic ruptures (e.g. pseudotachylytes). On the other hand, ductile deformation is typically expressed as shear zones ranging from millimeter to kilometer scales. Factors known to determine whether strain is accommodated by brittle and/or ductile processes include, but are not limited to: material properties (e.g., grain size, composition), strain rate, strain incompatibilities, pressure-temperature conditions, the availability of fluids, and rock modification by metamorphic reactions.
The multitude of possible factors determining the deformation style in the lithosphere make a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere challenging. In this session we aim to tackle the complex topic of lithospheric deformation by combining observations from natural rocks with those from experimental and numerical studies.

How does continental crust deform, evolve, and reorganise during orogenesis? The Variscan Mountain Belt provides an exceptional natural laboratory to address this question across space and time scales. This session brings together field-based, analytical, experimental, and modelling approaches—from microstructures to crustal and orogen-scale processes— to build an integrated view of crustal dynamics during orogen formation. Contributions exploring the Variscan Belt and its analogues that bring together a multidisciplinary approach are particularly welcome.
We welcome contributions addressing structural and kinematic processes, from grain-scale microstructures to orogen-scale shear zones; petrological and geochemical characterisation; geochronology, thermochronology, and petrochronology; integrated P–T–t–D reconstructions; and analogue and numerical modelling. Particular emphasis is placed on studies that connect observations across scales and demonstrate how processes operating at the mineral and rock scale can be linked to crustal- and orogen-scale dynamics. This includes differentiation processes during melting, and preservation of structures across successive orogenic events. Comparative studies of other Variscan-age and peri-Gondwanan orogens are also encouraged, as well as contributions that explore how insights from the Variscan record can inform our understanding of more recent orogenic systems.
By bringing together complementary approaches, this session aims to promote discussion on how we can bridge scales and integrate geological observations with modelling to better understand the dynamics and evolution of continental crust through space and time.
The session will feature a keynote presentation by Dr Petra Maierová, specialist in numerical modelling of tectonic processes, from the Centre for Lithospheric Research, Czech Geological Survey.

Partial melting of Earth’s crust and mantle occurs in a wide range of settings, e.g., within plate, and at divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. Although some of the factors triggering partial melting and the mechanisms allowing the ascent of magma through the crust have been well studied in the past decades, the role of structural inheritance in triggering partial melting and creating preferential pathways for magma to rise through the crust and to the surface remains poorly understood.
Recent improvements and the development of new techniques in exploration geophysics, geochronology, numerical modelling, and the temporal and spatial resolution of data, make it now possible to better detect potential relationships both at regional and local scale. Examples of inheritance–magmatism interplay include but are not limited to fault-controlled mantle exhumation, partial melting at eroded anticlines, magmatic intrusions along fold axial cleavage, faults and shear zones, preexisting orogens controlling the formation of transform faults, triple junctions, radiating dyke swarms, Large Igneous Provinces, and core complexes.
These relationships may have profound implications for, e.g., the identification of natural resources, nature and origin of magma-rich/poor rifted margins, formation of seaward-dipping reflectors, morphology and seismicity of rifts and orogens, localization of transform faulting, formation of microcontinents, development of cratonic lithosphere, composition of anomalously thick crust (e.g., Iceland, Rio Grande–Walvis, Mozambique–Madagascar, Laxmi–Laccadive–Chagos, and South Tasman ridges), and plate and planetary tectonics (e.g., the supercontinent cycle).
We welcome contributions across the geosciences focusing on the interaction between structural inheritance and magmatism. Interdisciplinary studies combining various approaches, e.g., fieldwork, subsurface exploration, laboratory analysis, and/or modelling and fields, e.g., exploration for natural resources, geochemistry, geochronology, geodynamics, geophysics, mineralogy, petrology, seismic reflection, seismology, and structural geology, are particularly encouraged. The session aims at gathering scientists from various fields and with varied backgrounds to enhance discussion and multidisciplinary collaborations and identify potentially important causal relationships such as factors controlling partial melting, including the type and amount of magmatism.

Understanding the properties and history of the core of Earth-like planets is essential to constructing a global planetary structure and evolution model and has implications for the planet's thermal, compositional, and orbital evolution. Unraveling planetary cores' structures, dynamics, and history, however, requires a synergy between many fields of expertise, such as mineral physics, geochemistry, seismology, geodynamics, gravimetry, geomagnetism, or remote sensing. This session welcomes contributions from all the aforementioned disciplines following theoretical, numerical, observational, or experimental approaches and aims to serve as a catalyst for multidisciplinary studies of Earth and Earth-like planetary cores.

Dynamical processes shape the Earth and other rocky planets throughout their history; their present state is a result of this long-term evolution. Early on, processes and lifetimes of magma oceans establish the initial conditions for their long-term development; subsequently their long-term evolution is shaped by the dynamics of the mantle-lithosphere system, compositional differentiation or mixing, possible core-mantle reactions, interaction with their fluid envelopes through outgassing and regassing, etc.. These processes can be interrogated through observations of the rock record, geochemistry, seismology, gravity, magnetism and planetary remote sensing all linked through geodynamical modelling constrained by physical properties of relevant phases.

This session aims to provide a holistic view of the dynamics, tectonics, structure, composition and evolution of Earth and rocky planetary bodies (including exoplanets) on temporal scales ranging from the present day to billions of years, and on spatial scales ranging from microscopic to global, by bringing together constraints from geodynamics, seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, planetary science and astronomy.

The origin and evolution of the continental lithosphere is closely linked to changes in mantle dynamics through time, from its formation through melt depletion to multistage reworking and reorganization related to interaction with melts formed both beneath and within it. Understanding this history is critical to constraining terrestrial dynamics, element cycles and metallogeny. We welcome contributions dealing with: (1) Reconstructions of the structure and composition of the lithospheric mantle, and the influence of plumes and subduction zones on root construction; (2) Interactions of plume- and subduction-derived melts and fluids with the continental lithosphere, and the nature and development of metasomatic agents; (3) Source rocks, formation conditions (P-T-fO2) and evolution of mantle melts originating below or in the mantle lithosphere; (4) Deep source regions, melting processes and phase transformation in mantle plumes and their fluids; (5) Modes of melt migration and ascent, as constrained from numerical modelling and microstructures of natural mantle samples; (6) Role of mantle melts and fluids in the generation of hybrid and acid magmas. These topics can be illuminated using the geochemistry and fabric of mantle xenoliths and orogenic peridotites, mantle-derived melts and experimental simulations

On Earth, plate tectonics is closely coupled to mantle upwellings and downwellings which help drive the dynamic system. In this session, we explore the complex interactions between mantle plumes and plate tectonics, including how mantle plumes may interact with tectonic processes across a range of settings, from continental rifts and mid-ocean ridges to subduction zones, and are themselves modified by tectonics. Such interactions may include, but are not limited to, plume-induced lithospheric thinning and continental rifting (and associated excess melting), the deflection of rising conduits by subducting slabs and cratonic roots, and the geochemical exchange between plume melts and the lithosphere they traverse. In systems such as Iceland and Afar, there are observed interactions between rifting and mantle plume upwelling, yet the extent to which these processes influence one another remains unclear. Similarly, the nature of the relationship between subducting slabs and plumes, where they interact, is complex and may be fundamental to understanding some of the small- and large-scale patterns of convection, LIP emplacement, and hotspot systems. Together these gaps highlight how plumes both modify, and are modified by, plate tectonics.

We invite contributions from across geosciences including, but not limited to, numerical and analogue modelling, geochemistry, petrology, geophysics, volcanology, seismology, planetary science and tectonics. We especially encourage cross-disciplinary studies spanning different spatio-temporal scales and approaches which will foster conversations on emerging questions and future directions in the study of plume-tectonic interactions, particularly among early career researchers.

Over 4.5 billion years of dynamic evolution has shaped the Earth’s surface and interior, from core formation, magma ocean crystallisation, and mantle plumes, to crustal formation and recycling processes. These processes are recorded in volcanic rocks spanning a temporal range reaching back to the Archean, shaping our ongoing understanding of Earth's mantle chemistry and structure. In this endeavour of understanding deep Earth processes and how they shape planetary physiochemical evolution, integrating multiple fields of study is essential.

This session aims to provide a comprehensive dialogue on the processes that shaped Earth’s chemically heterogeneous mantle that is recorded in mantle-derived rocks. This includes research on Hadean to modern geodynamic processes such as magma ocean differentiation, core-mantle exchange, subduction, plume and oceanic volcanism by use of novel and standard geochemical methods. This may further include interdisciplinary studies from geodynamics and seismology with implications for the chemical composition of Earth’s mantle and mantle-derived rocks.

The mantles of Earth and other rocky planetary bodies may have been partly or fully molten early in their histories because of the energy of accretion, decay of short-lived radioisotopes, core differentiation, and giant impacts. These “magma oceans” played a fundamental role in early planetary evolution. Exchange between magma oceans and the atmosphere and core may have established the distribution of elements among major planetary reservoirs, while the evolution of magma oceans as they crystallized determined the initial thermal and chemical structure of planetary mantles. Understanding the magma ocean stage is therefore essential for reconstructing the initial conditions for the evolution of rocky planets and the formation of habitable environments. Furthermore, this early stage can be constrained by detecting its subtle fingerprints preserved in the geological records of Earth and other terrestrial planetary bodies and through astronomical observations of atmospheres of exoplanets with present-day magma oceans. Magma oceans have been an active topic of research as rapid developments in laboratory, computational, numerical, and observational capabilities push the boundaries of research closer to the conditions of this extreme stage of planetary evolution.
This session welcomes contributions on all aspects of magma oceans; relevant topics include magma ocean formation, the fluid dynamics and geochemistry/petrology of magma ocean evolution and crystallization, exchange between a magma ocean and other planetary reservoirs including degassing and core-mantle equilibration, and characterization of magma oceans based on evidence retained in the geological and magmatic records of planetary bodies. This session emphasizes exchange across disciplines and scales by inviting research employing a broad spectrum of experimental, observational, analytical, computational, and numerical approaches, such as laboratory experiments (e.g., diamond anvil cell, shock compression, tank fluid dynamics); geochemical and isotopic analyses of minerals and rocks; scaling and stability analyses; ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations; and modeling (e.g., multiphase flow, smooth particle hydrodynamics, atmospheric chemistry). Contributions combining different techniques, comparing different planets, and making links between the magma ocean stage and observables in the planetary record are particularly encouraged.

Carbon and sulfur, despite their low bulk-planet abundance, are crucial to life as we know it, to mantle melting and volcanism, and to the climate (in-)stability of the Earth and beyond. Yet whilst every planet follows the same laws of chemistry, the specific roles of carbon and sulfur can play out to vastly different conclusions, as with Venus and the Earth. Clues to carbon and sulfur’s behaviour among the exoplanet population can be remotely accessed by observing their atmospheres. This session will explore the importance of these elements now and in deep time, across Earth, the Solar System, and exoplanets. We welcome new work from any discipline on carbon and/or sulfur in a range of contexts, from planet formation, mantle dynamics, and tectonics, to atmospheric chemistry and geobiology, progressing towards a cosmic picture of planetary evolution shaped by carbon and sulfur.

Thermal remote sensing is an increasingly established technique employing passive sensors to deriveEarth’s surface properties from the radiation emitted in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) domain. Its main focus is the thermal state of an object or surface, together with the associated surface temperature and emissivity. These properties are relevant across geological, environmental, climatic, agricultural, biological, and engineering applications.

Recent technological advances have driven the development of TIR remote sensing: satellite sensors and data infrastructure systems can now acquire and manage large volumes of high-fidelity TIR data at a wide range of spatial and temporal resolutions. Besides airborne and ground-based systems, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are increasingly used as versatile platforms that combine high spatial resolution with flexible temporal revisit. Together with a growing catalogue of current and upcoming missions, this makes it a timely moment to take stock of where the field stands.

This session addresses established and emerging research directions in TIR remote sensing and discusses the community's upcoming challenges. We welcome contributions on new frontiers, case studies, and data-integration analysis related to:

• Geosciences: volcanoes, hydrothermal systems, geothermal potential, mineral exploration, rare earths, cryosphere.

• Climate, Urban Systems, and Ecosystems: urban heat islands, global warming impacts, ecosystem stress, forest health, fire risk assessment, water management.

• Agriculture and Precision Farming: crop stress monitoring, irrigation management, soil analysis and pest/disease monitoring.

• Technological and Methodological Innovations: new sensors for satellite, airborne, UAS and in-situ platforms, multi-platform and/or multi-sensor data integration, Cal/Val activities.

• Data Processing and Infrastructure: approaches for managing and processing large TIR datasets, data fusion techniques, advanced algorithms for atmospheric correction and temperature and emissivity separation.

Multi-disciplinary studies and contributions from Early Career Scientists are especially welcome.

Invited Speaker: Sabine Chabrillat, Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ).

The dynamics of magmatic systems are driven by complex processes that span from deep mantle melt generation to volcanic eruptions at the surface. These processes include: melt generation in the upper mantle and lower crust, magma transport, differentiation and emplacement in the crust, complex melt-rock interactions, genesis of energy and mineral resources, and volcanic extrusions with related hazards. Such fluid-mechanical and thermo-chemical processes operate across sub-millimetre to kilometre scales and timescales ranging from seconds to millions of years , and involve multiple phases, such as liquid melt, solid crystals, volatile and metal-bearing fluids, and pyroclasts. Understanding these processes requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining observations, experiments, and computational methods including forward and inverse modelling and machine learning.

Despite the crucial role of computational methods in integrating and interpreting data from various sources, there has been limited development of a dedicated community across volcanic, petrology, and magmatic studies. For the fourth consecutive year, this session aims to address this gap by focusing on computational approaches to understanding volcanic and magmatic systems. We seek to bring together researchers working on forward and inverse modelling, machine learning, and other computational methods to foster a thriving and collaborative community that complements well-established observational and experimental lines of work.

We encourage contributions that explore the theory, development, application, and validation of computational approaches for integrating and interpreting experimental and observational data to improve our understanding of volcanic and magmatic processes. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Multiphase flow dynamics
- Thermodynamics and phase equilibria
- Magma transport and storage
- Chemical and rheological melt-rock interactions
- Crystallization, immiscibility, and degassing processes
- Energy and mineral resource genesis
- Magma-hydrothermal interactions
- Eruption dynamics and hazards

This session aims to provide a platform for in-depth technical discussions that are challenging to facilitate in broader multidisciplinary sessions, ultimately fostering a stronger computational community within volcanic and magmatic studies.

In recent years, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image processing, smart sensors, and intelligent inversion, have garnered significant attention from researchers in the geosciences community. These technologies offer the promise of transitioning geosciences from qualitative to quantitative analysis, unlocking new insights and capabilities previously thought unattainable.
One of the key reasons for the growing popularity of AI in geosciences is its unparalleled ability to efficiently analyze vast datasets within remarkably short timeframes. This capability empowers scientists and researchers to tackle some of the most intricate and challenging issues in fields like Geophysics, Seismology, Hydrology, Planetary Science, Remote Sensing, and Disaster Risk Reduction.
As we stand on the cusp of a new era in geosciences, the integration of artificial intelligence promises to deliver more accurate estimations, efficient predictions, and innovative solutions. By leveraging algorithms and machine learning, AI empowers geoscientists to uncover intricate patterns and relationships within complex data sources, ultimately advancing our understanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. In essence, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable tool in the pursuit of quantitative precision and deeper insights in the fascinating world of geosciences.
For this reason, aim of this session is to explore new advances and approaches of AI in Geosciences.

Time series are a common type of data generated by observational and modelling efforts across Earth, environmental and space sciences. Long-term observations are particularly important for understanding gradual changes and assessing risks, yet are often difficult to sustain and fund. Their characteristics can vary substantially, from short to long records, linear to nonlinear dynamics, univariate to multivariate data, and single- to multi-scale variability. These differences call for both tailored methodologies and general approaches.

A key challenge is distinguishing random fluctuations from long-term changes in order to better understand processes within and across Earth system components. This requires knowledge of temporal variability and, often, sufficiently long observations. For example, reliable sea-level trends may require several decades of continuous measurements because of decadal variability. Likewise, the stochastic variability of geophysical time series can exhibit power-law scaling, requiring long records for robust statistical assessment.

Time series analysis encompasses a broad range of tasks, including:
- characterizing nonlinear variability in the time and/or frequency domain;
- quantifying complexity, predictability and scaling properties;
- identifying statistical interdependencies within and between time series;
- distinguishing co-variability from causal relationships;
- reducing dimensionality and identifying meaningful modes of variability; and
- developing stochastic and deterministic statistical or dynamical models.

This session invites contributions on the development and application of modern methods for analysing observational and model time series across the EGU community, including geophysical, geodynamic, oceanographic, geodetic and climate observations from terrestrial observatories and remote sensing. Contributions addressing advances in sensors, instrumentation, monitoring, analysis and interpretation, as well as comparisons of different approaches, are welcome. Studies using novel methods, including AI, for the analysis of long time series are particularly encouraged. We aim to foster interdisciplinary exchange and cross-fertilization between different EGU divisions.