Following the success of last year’s edition, we are delighted to bring this session back to EGU2027 to keep the community up to date about the most recent advances in inclusion studies!
Understanding the processes shaping our planet is the main goal of Geosciences. Fluid, melt and mineral inclusions offer an invaluable contribution, allowing to directly study unreachable portions of Earth’s interior. Besides constraining pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity conditions at the time of their formation, inclusions can provide innumerable geochemical information, shedding light on fluid and melt sources, chemistry, physical state, migration and interactions occurring from sedimentary and magmatic environments to orogenic belts, subduction zones and deep into Earth’s mantle. The recent development of high-resolution analytical techniques, such as Raman microspectroscopy, microthermometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction, microtomography, microfluorescence and mass spectroscopy have provided an unprecedented level of details from micro- to nano-scale, highlighting features never observed before and opening new scenarios in Earth’s dynamics.
Contributions from innovative studies on fluid, melt and mineral inclusions and their relationships with host mineral phases are welcome from any field of Geosciences, from magmatism, metamorphism and deep mantle dynamics to palaeoclimatology and sedimentary processes, and petroleum and ore deposits. Works presenting innovative and advanced tools to investigate natural samples, as well as experimental studies, are invited. Early career researchers are strongly encouraged to present their contributions.

Archaeometry, while a broad discipline, is an important area of geoscience research, often seeking to not only utilise existing methodologies, but also pioneer new methods or approaches which often have interdisciplinary applications. Recent advances in the field across many sub-disciplines such as pigment research, conservation, paleoclimate reconstructions, mineral magnetism and dating have resulted in high-impact publications, and new insights into our understanding of the past. The interdisciplinary nature of archaeometry often means those working on novel, or interesting applications of geoscience methods can miss the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge of others working at the forefront of methods development in the field.

This session aims to bring together researchers working on novel methods or applications of methods to discuss recent advances in provenance studies, conservation, paleoclimate reconstructions and dating. We particularly welcome contributions addressing geoscience applications in pigment and materials research.

We invite contributions where geoscience methods are used to answer archaeological questions, in particular new applications, innovative approaches and novel methods are especially welcome.

The session will provide a forum to bring together those working at the forefront of their field, bringing together those bridging archaeometry and geoscience to exchange ideas, compare approaches, identify common challenges and foster new opportunities for collaborations.

The clastic sediment archive records the transfer of material between lithological reservoirs, mediated by surface processes. Sedimentary provenance analysis aims to reconstruct these transfers across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, from sediment generation and routing in modern landscapes to paleogeographic reconstructions, the evolution of mountain belts, past climatic and erosional conditions, and the tectono-magmatic-metamorphic evolution of Earth through deep time.

However, the relationship between source rocks and resulting sediment is inherently complex. Weathering and erosion control the initial composition of sediment, while transport and depositional processes such as abrasion, mixing, hydraulic sorting, intermediate storage, and dissolution may further modify its composition. Disentangling these processes requires both an improved understanding of source-to-sediment relationships and increasingly sophisticated analytical and quantitative approaches.

This session brings together studies addressing both aspects of this challenge. We invite contributions investigating sediment generation, source-to-sediment relationships and deep-time reconstructions using observations from natural systems, experiments, and numerical models, as well as methodological advances in sedimentary provenance analysis. These may include petrographic and textural approaches; single-grain geochemistry, isotopic analysis, geo- and thermochronology; mineral inclusions and thermobarometry; fingerprinting and multi-proxy provenance approaches; and statistical, computational, and machine-learning methods for analysing increasingly large and complex datasets.

Stable, radiogenic, and radioactive isotopes are fundamental tools for understanding Earth’s climate system. Isotopic measurements trace the chemical reactions, mass transfers, and biogeochemical cycles that link climate to other components of the Earth system, and they underpin many past climate reconstructions. Analytical advances, such as triple oxygen isotopes and compound-specific isotope analysis, are opening new avenues for scientific study, while established isotopic methods are steadily being applied to new archives and environmental settings. This session welcomes researchers developing and applying isotopic tools for past and present climate studies. We encourage contributions presenting new analytical methods, calibration and proxy advances, applications to new or underused archives, and modern studies that improve the interpretation of isotopic records. We also welcome studies that integrate isotopic data with geochemical, geomorphic, or climatological evidence, including multi-proxy archive studies, or with modelling approaches such as source mixing and isotope-enabled climate models.

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error". Handling mistakes and setbacks is therefore a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for scientific publication if it confirms an accepted theory or reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community, as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

Thus, we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. In the spirit of open science and in an interdisciplinary setting, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors?

We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each other’s mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths on our work, give each other ideas for shared problems, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

For inspiration, see the collection of BUGS - ranging from clay bricks to atmospheric temperature extremes - at https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52496

Geochronological techniques such as cosmogenic nuclides, thermochronology, radiocarbon and luminescence dating continue to improve in accuracy, precision and temporal range. Developments in combining geochronological methods, data treatment and landscape evolution models have provided new insights into the timing, rates and magnitude of Earth surface processes. Integrating geochronological datasets from different techniques with tectonic, geomorphic, and landscape evolution models offers enormous potential for understanding how tectonics, climate, erosion, and sediment transport interact to shape landscapes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This session includes studies ranging from erosion rates, sediment provenance, burial and transport times, geomorphic response to active deformation, cooling histories and landscape dynamics. and technical developments and novel applications of Quaternary geochronometers. We invite studies that apply novel geochronological methods, combine geochronological and geochemical techniques with numerical modeling or landscape evolution analyses, and that highlight the latest developments and open questions in the application of geochronometers in geomorphology.

The rapid advancement in spectroscopic techniques at micro- and nanoscale offers new methods of investigation in the broad field of mineralogy and opens new frontiers in a wide range of geoscience studies. Spectroscopies are crucial for interpreting a complicated range of behaviour and are often the only means to explore microscopic and rare minerals and mineral inclusions, as well as materials behaviour in extreme conditions.
This session will explore advances in spectroscopic methods for investigating solid, melt, and fluid inclusions in minerals and any other geological materials.
The session will bring together both theoretical, experimental, and naturalist scientists, providing them with an opportunity to share ideas, discuss methods and learn from one another. Particular emphasis will be placed on correlative and in situ workflows, latest improvements, and the integration of spectroscopic data with other techniques. Studies addressing methodological developments, analytical challenges, cultural heritage, geological applications, and interpretations for crustal, magmatic, hydrothermal, metamorphic, deep Earth, and planetary processes are welcome.

Geochronology provides the temporal framework for the study of geologic processes, allowing us to quantify the timing, rates, and durations of the processes that shape our planet. Improvements on well-established techniques, in conjunction with new methodologies and capabilities, continue to provide greater levels of detail and complexity in geochronological investigations. Consequently, geochronological studies are blooming in a variety of fields and in many cases could revolutionize our understanding of fundamental natural processes.

With this session, we aim to provide a platform to discuss 1) advances in a broad spectrum of geochronological methods (sample preparation, analytical techniques, innovative data reduction strategies, and interpretational and modelling approaches) and 2) applications of such methods to a variety of problems covering a multitude of temporal and spatial scales across the broader Earth Sciences. We particularly encourage presentations of novel and unconventional applications or attempts to develop new geochronometers.

Crystal-scale observations of rock microstructures and textures provide a fundamental basis for understanding the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic and mineralised rocks. Petrography remains at the heart of petrological investigation: it provides the observations to develop new hypotheses and the context needed to interpret increasingly sophisticated textural, geochemical, and computational datasets. This session celebrates the value of detailed petrographic observations and highlights how traditional and modern datasets can be combined to reconstruct geological processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
We invite contributions applying textural and microstructural approaches to igneous, metamorphic, and mineralised systems, with particular emphasis on studies that place petrography and microstructural observations at the centre of geological interpretation. This may include contributions that combine traditional (e.g., optical microscopy, universal stage) and modern (e.g., EBSD, X-Ray-Tomography and -Ptychography, chemical mapping, XMapTools) methods, as well as submissions focused on advances in quantitative petrography, 3D and 4D imaging, and numerical models of microstructural and/or textural evolution.

Mineralogy is the cornerstone of many disciplines and is used to solve a wide range of questions in geoscience. This broad session offers the opportunity to explore the diversity of methods and approaches used to study minerals, and how minerals behave and evolve in their many contexts. Also, we will address issues that involve the use and development of techniques and the relevant ab initio simulations beyond current applications in metamorphic and magmatic petrology applied to the Earth and other planetary bodies.
We welcome contributions to all aspects of mineralogy, including environmental, soil science, metamorphic, plutonic, deep Earth, planetary, applied mineralogy, and so on. All approaches are welcome: analytical, experimental and theoretical.

Minerals are formed in great diversity under Earth surface conditions, as skeletons, microbialites, speleothems, or authigenic cements, and they preserve a wealth of geochemical, biological, mineralogical, and isotopic information, providing valuable archives of past environmental conditions. Interpretion of these archives requires fundamental understanding of fluid-rock interaction processes, but also insights from the geological record.

In this session we welcome oral and poster presentations from a wide range of research of topics, including process-oriented studies in modern systems, the ancient rock record, experiments, computer simulations, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. We intend to reach a wide community of researchers sharing the common goal of improving our understanding of the fundamental processes underlying mineral formation, which is essential to read our Earth’s geological archive.

Rocks deform, fracture, dissolve and melt over time, yet most of what we know about these processes comes from before-and-after snapshots. Three-dimensional and time-resolved (4D) X-ray imaging changes this by letting us follow the same sample as it evolves under stress, fluid flow, and changing temperature, at scales from pores to the whole specimen. This session brings together researchers who use laboratory microCT, synchrotron imaging and neutron tomography to observe these processes directly, and those who turn the resulting images into quantitative models.
We welcome contributions that use 3D and 4D imaging to study fracture and faulting, compaction and creep, multiphase and reactive flow, melt and bubble migration, and volcanic and magmatic processes. We equally encourage methodological advances: new experimental rigs, digital volume correlation, machine-learning segmentation, and workflows linking images to numerical simulations (FEM, DEM, lattice-Boltzmann) and theory.
By connecting rock physics, volcanology and materials science, the session aims to build a shared community around a common question: what do we learn when we can watch the process, not just its result?

X-ray and neutron imaging are transforming experimental geosciences by allowing processes occurring inside opaque Earth materials to be directly observed in three dimensions and through time. Beyond increasingly detailed 3D characterization, advances in synchrotron and neutron imaging now make it possible to follow dynamic geological processes in situ, under controlled and increasingly realistic thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical conditions.
This transition to 4D observation has opened a fundamentally different window on experiments. Many processes that are difficult or impossible to infer from conventional bulk measurements or before-and-after observations can now be observed as they occur: where deformation first localizes, how fractures nucleate and propagate, how fluids invade and redistribute through pore networks, and how dissolution, precipitation or phase transformations interact with transport and mechanics.
X-rays and neutrons offer particularly complementary information. Their different interaction mechanisms provide sensitivity to different phases and elements, opening opportunities for correlative, multimodal and increasingly simultaneous observations of complex geological systems.
This session aims to bring together the growing X-ray and neutron imaging communities in geosciences, from instrumentation and methodological developments to fundamental and applied discoveries. We welcome contributions on deformation and fracture, fluid flow and multiphase processes, reactive transport, mineral reactions, CO₂ storage and mineralisation, geothermal systems, volcanology, soils, ice and planetary materials, as well as new experimental, analytical and multimodal approaches.
By bringing together users of synchrotron and neutron facilities, Large-scale infrastructures or university benched scanners, we hope to encourage exchanges across techniques and applications and discuss the next generation of 4D experiments in geosciences.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

Chemical reactions between fluids and minerals continuously reshape porous and fractured rocks. Dissolution, precipitation, cementation, and mineral replacement alter pore geometry and connectivity, changing the pathways through which fluids and solutes reach reactive sites. The resulting feedbacks between reaction and transport can amplify or suppress heterogeneity and generate recognizable structures across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This can be illustrated by acidization wormholes, karst networks, reactive melt channels in magmatic rocks, and diagenetic features such as concretions, reaction fronts and precipitation and/or dissolution patterns.

The underlying challenge is common to all of them: how reactions in individual pores become expressed as large-scale patterns and as changes in porosity and permeability — a question shared across sedimentology, geochemistry, hydrology, petrophysics, and geophysics. It matters wherever reactive flow must be predicted or engineered: carbon storage and mineralization, hydrogen production, geothermal energy, hydrocarbon recovery, nuclear waste repositories, and contaminant transport and remediation.

This field covers approaches, methodologies, and scales of a wide variety. X-ray imaging, microfluidics, and other in situ methods now resolve local mineral reactions as the geometry of the medium evolves. Computational advances bridge pores, fractures, laboratory samples, and field systems. Rock record study shows how these processes accumulate and interact over geological time, on timescales no experiment can reach.

Thereby, we invite contributions on reactive transport and diagenesis from experiments, field observations, theory, and computation. Studies may address dissolution, precipitation, cementation, mineral replacement, authigenesis, water-rock interaction, or biogeochemical transformations. They should investigate the consequences of these processes on porosity, permeability, flow localization, and pattern formation. Work at any scale is welcome; from single pores and table-top experiments to hydrogeological systems and sedimentary basins.

Before geomaterials become “hard” rocks, they commonly pass through stages in which they behave as soft-matter systems, such as complex fluids, gels, colloids, liquid crystals, and foams. During these stages, they can be regarded as geological soft matter, which commonly occurs during lithification, crystallization and deformation. The initiation of such soft-matter behaviour is highly sensitive to the surrounding physicochemical environment, leading to the formation of striking patterns and complex structures. Understanding how these structures form and evolve remains a major challenge in the Earth sciences. Examples include soft-sediment deformation structures such as load casts and flame structures; mineral dendrites; concretions and chemical banding; crack patterns such as septaria, mud cracks and lava polygons; and dissolution–precipitation forms such as travertine dams, scallops and stalactites. Other examples include patterns associated with microbial mats, such as stromatolitic structures, together with botryoidal and spherulitic textures, as well as hydro-geomorphological patterns such as channel networks and dunes, and vegetation patterns.

The physics underlying these patterns, which evolve progressively during the soft-matter stage, commonly involves complex non-equilibrium processes governed by self-organization and self-assembly. These processes allow complex spatiotemporal patterns to emerge from simple rules, while making the underlying physicochemical mechanisms difficult to infer from the pattern alone. Exploring such physical laws and establishing a geological soft-matter paradigm would not only provide an excellent opportunity to study pattern formation itself, but also help develop analogues for understanding geological processes in Earth’s history and potentially on other planets.

In this session, we discuss the potential application of the soft-matter paradigm to geological evolution research. We invite contributions that aim to deepen our understanding of complex patterns across scales in natural and experimental systems, investigating the physicochemical processes that generate them, through field observations, experimental work, theoretical modelling, and computational simulations. Contributions involving advanced quantification, conceptual advances, quantitative model development and modelling are warmly welcome.

Fluids play a fundamental role in Earth’s dynamic systems. Magmatism and metamorphism require the presence of fluids. As fluids are carriers of materials through the different levels of our planet, their global cycles efficiently transfer elements from the surface to the deep interior through subduction zones. Volatiles and other incompatible elements significantly contribute to the well-being and sustainability of life. While major uncertainties remain, advances in multi-disciplinary approaches continue to reveal how fluids exert a profound influence on planetary-scale processes.
This session brings together scientists investigating fluids and melts, focusing on the full spectrum of volatile and elemental cycles, and how they interact with the surrounding rocks at all scales. We welcome contributions from petrology, geochemistry, and related disciplines, drawing on natural samples, experiments, and modelling. Topics of interest include:
i) role of fluids in magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic processes;
ii) deep volatile cycles of H₂O, CO₂, halogens and sulfur;
iii ) COHNS fluids and silicate melts role in volatile mobilization and transfer during subduction;
iv) physical and chemical properties of volatiles in melts and fluids;
v) volatile storage and release in the lithospheric mantle;
vi) petrological studies of fluid-rock interactions.

Metamorphic rocks record the thermal and chemical evolution of the crust across Earth's history, from Archean cratons to Cenozoic orogens. This session welcomes studies of metamorphic processes at any point along that record at all time scales and spatial extends, whether focused on a single sample, a single orogen or a specific time period, as well as contributions comparing metamorphic style across time. Together, these studies build a broader picture of how metamorphic and orogenic processes have operated throughout Earth's history.
We invite contributions using metamorphic petrology, thermodynamic modelling, petrochronology and geochronology, structural and microstructural analysis, or geochemistry. We welcome interdisciplinary approaches, combining multiple tools to better understand metamorphic processes. Combined, these approaches allow the pressure-temperature-time evolution of metamorphic terranes and their deformation history to be reconstructed.

Geological materials exhibit complex mechanical behaviour across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. When polycrystalline aggregates such as glacier ice, mantle rocks, or crustal shear zones deform, their large-scale dynamics are fundamentally influenced by evolving microstructures. Processes such as crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) development, grain-size evolution, dynamic recrystallisation, damage accumulation, phase mixing, and strain localization can strongly modify rheology, anisotropy, and deformation patterns.
Despite studying very different materials, researchers in geodynamics, tectonics, rock mechanics, and cryosphere science increasingly face the same challenge: understanding how evolving microstructure influences bulk rheology and deformation across scales, and how these effects can be represented in constitutive laws and numerical models.
This session aims to bring together researchers investigating these questions across disciplines and materials. We welcome contributions addressing the links between microstructure, rheology, and deformation, including but not limited to:
Deformation and flow across scales
Evolution of microstructure, CPO, and the anisotropy of physical properties
Rheology and constitutive laws
Strain localization, weakening and damage
Experimental, numerical, and observational constraints
Contributions from researchers at all career stages are welcome, and we especially encourage submissions led by early career scientists.
We particularly encourage contributions that bridge scales, combine multiple approaches, or foster exchange between traditionally separate research communities. We hope this session will provide a forum where ideas, methods, and modelling approaches can be exchanged across communities that do not often interact, despite facing remarkably similar questions about deformation and rheology.

Deformation and chemical transformation in metamorphic rocks are often strongly coupled. Microstructural evidence from natural and experimentally deformed rocks, together with numerical models, demonstrates that mechanical stresses can influence diffusion pathways, reaction kinetics, strain energy, and phase stability at the grain scale, while chemical processes can in turn generate or redistribute stresses. This feedback between mechanics and chemistry operates across scales, from intracrystalline deformation to stress gradients across rock volumes, to the rheological evolution of the lithosphere as a whole. This session aims to bring together researchers from different backgrounds in order to fill the gap from nanoscale observations to large-scale geodynamic processes.
We welcome multidisciplinary contributions that address open questions on how chemical and mechanical processes interact at the nano- and microscale, how these interactions are best captured in numerical models, and how they influence the interpretation of the rock record and larger-scale geodynamic processes. These comprise contributions focusing on the coupling of mechanical and chemical processes in Earth materials, spanning from microstructural and analytical studies (e.g., EBSD, EPMA, Raman spectroscopy, TEM), to experimental studies (e.g., deformation experiments across scales), to numerical and thermodynamic modelling. We particularly encourage studies that seek to bridge processes at multiple scales, including the development and evolution of shear zones, the mechanisms governing seismicity, and the rheological behavior of the lithosphere.

Economic ore deposits are the result of complex, multi-stage geological processes that operate from the scale of mantle and crustal source regions to the scale of individual mineral grains, structures, and ore shoots. Building an ore deposit requires a fertile source, efficient metal mobilization, focused transport through melts or fluids, effective depositional traps, post-ore preservation or upgrading, and, ultimately, a detectable geological footprint. Understanding this complete pathway is essential for both advancing ore deposit science and improving exploration strategies for raw materials.
This session invites contributions that investigate any stage of the mineral system pathway, from metal source to final economic concentration. We welcome studies on metal fertility in mantle, magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary, and crustal reservoirs; the generation and evolution of ore-forming melts, fluids, brines, or hydrocarbons; and the physical and chemical mechanisms that transport and focus metals. Contributions addressing the triggers of ore deposition, including cooling, boiling, fluid mixing, phase separation, wall-rock reaction, redox change, pressure fluctuations, deformation, and permeability evolution, are especially encouraged.
The session also emphasizes the later history of ore deposits, including remobilization, metamorphic modification, deformation, weathering, supergene enrichment, burial, erosion, and long-term preservation. These processes can enhance, obscure, or destroy economic mineralization and strongly influence the modern expression of ore systems. Studies that connect primary ore-forming mechanisms with present-day exploration footprints are therefore highly relevant.
We encourage multidisciplinary and cross-commodity contributions that integrate field geology, structural geology, petrology, geochemistry, isotope studies, thermodynamic and numerical modelling, experimental work, geophysics, remote sensing, data science, and mineral prospectivity analysis. The session welcomes research on a broad range of deposit types, such as porphyry, skarn, epithermal systems, VMS, sediment-hosted base-metal, magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE and beyond.
By bringing together studies from different commodities, tectonic environments, and methodological approaches, this session aims to develop an integrated understanding of how economic ore deposits are built, modified, and preserved.

Metal ore deposits, such as porphyry Cu–Au systems, orogenic Au deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, and alkaline and carbonatite REE–HFSE systems, form through complex processes involving the transport of metals from source regions, followed by their concentration and deposition in the crust. Understanding ore-forming processes and their associated dynamics is crucial for assessing economic potential and guiding exploration strategies. Across these diverse systems, fluid–rock interactions play a fundamental role in ore formation. They control the formation of ore minerals and the mobilization of metals from source zones to depositional sites, and they leave diagnostic records that help decipher how metals are transported and concentrated.

At nano- and microscales, physical patterns in ore deposits, including dendritic structures, banding, fractures, mineral replacement textures, growth patterns and deformation features, provide fundamental records of fluid–rock interaction processes. At meso- to macroscales, these interactions manifest as hydrothermal alteration zones characterized by systematic mineral replacement, overgrowth and mineral zoning. The spatial and temporal organization of these patterns records the physicochemical evolution of ore-forming environments. Concurrently, the chemical reactions that drive ore formation control mineral dissolution and precipitation, as well as the redistribution of ore-forming components. These processes are recorded petrologically as elemental transfer and exchange during fluid–rock interactions, which collectively contribute to the formation of ore deposits.

Such observations provide key constraints for thermodynamic and kinetic simulations of fluid–rock interaction processes, thereby deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, recent advances in machine-learning techniques have significantly enhanced geochemical quantification and helped uncover hidden physicochemical relationships during the spatiotemporal evolution of ore minerals and deposits.

In this session, we invite multidisciplinary contributions that investigate ore deposits and their associated formation dynamics using fieldwork, microstructural and petrographic analyses, geochemistry, machine-learning techniques, and thermodynamic and numerical modelling. Case studies of economic ore deposits are also warmly welcomed.

Time is a fundamental dimension of ore deposit formation. Economic mineral systems are built through a sequence of events involving source activation, magma or fluid generation, metal mobilization, transport, deposition, overprinting, upgrading, preservation, and exposure. Determining when these processes occurred, how long they lasted, and how they relate to tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary, and climatic events is essential for understanding why some systems become economic while others remain barren.
This session focuses on the geochronology and temporal evolution of ore-forming systems. We invite contributions that use radiometric dating, isotope geochemistry, petrochronology, mineral chemistry, diffusion modelling, geochronological method development, and integrated field relationships to constrain the timing, duration, tempo, and recurrence of mineralization. Contributions may address both direct dating of ore and alteration minerals and indirect constraints from associated magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, basin evolution, hydrothermal alteration, weathering, or supergene enrichment.
A key aim of the session is to link absolute ages with geological processes. We particularly encourage studies that investigate the duration of hydrothermal systems, pulsed versus continuous mineralization, time gaps between magmatism and ore formation, rates of metal accumulation, temporal links between tectonics and fluid flow, and the timing of remobilization or upgrading events. Studies comparing fertile and barren systems, or integrating geochronology with exploration models, are especially welcome.
By bringing together specialists in ore geology, geochronology, isotope geochemistry, structural geology, petrology, and exploration, this session aims to improve our understanding of how timing controls the construction, modification, preservation, and discovery of economic ore deposits.

Global demand for critical metals is rising sharply, driven by the energy transition, electrification, and geopolitical pressure on supply chains, while historically high gold prices have made lower-grade and more geologically challenging precious-metal resources economically attractive to mine. Deformation plays a central role in this challenge: it can remobilise, concentrate, or trap metals at scales ranging from crystal defects to orogen-scale structures, controlling where these resources ultimately reside. This session explores how structural processes, from dislocation-scale metal siting in ore minerals to dilational sites hosting mineralised veins and intrusions, govern the distribution of precious and critical metals, and what this means for meeting future supply needs. We welcome contributions examining ore-forming processes genetically linked to deformation, resolving micro- to nano-scale controls on metal distribution and mobilisation, or establishing how crustal deformation governs ore distribution and what that implies for designing effective exploration strategies.

The current energy, climate, and geopolitical crises underscore the urgent need to develop carbon-free natural resources, with natural hydrogen as one of the most promising candidates. However, fundamental knowledge gaps persist regarding the complex, interconnected geological, geochemical, and microbiological processes that govern its generation, migration, accumulation, preservation, and seepage. This session aims to improve our understanding of the natural hydrogen cycle through the integrated interpretation of multi-scale (from laboratory to field scale) and multi-disciplinary observations. Contributions should present novel or established methods to: 1) reliably distinguish geological from non-geological (microbial and artificial) hydrogen sources; 2) link surface geochemical, microbiological and/or geophysical signatures to subsurface processes and migration pathways; 3) quantify the hydrogen generation and consumption/degradation rates to assess its potential as a sustainable energy resource; and 4) Improve current models of the natural hydrogen cycle. We invite contributions from researchers applying surface geochemical, microbiological, subsurface geophysical exploration techniques, as well as integrated multi-disciplinary approaches including modelling to reduce ambiguities in data interpretation and improve predictive capabilities for natural hydrogen systems.

Natural hydrogen generated mainly by water–rock interactions, particularly oxydo-reduction of Fe-bearing rocks, is increasingly investigated as both a fundamental geological process and a potential subsurface resource. While geological H₂ generation has been observed, major uncertainties remain regarding production rates, pathways, geochemical and biological sinks, and accumulation in the subsurface.
Addressing these questions requires moving towards an integrated understanding of the natural hydrogen system, from source to accumulation. Bridging fundamental research and exploration is essential: process-based knowledge provides the framework for interpreting subsurface observations, while exploration datasets offer unique opportunities to test hypotheses at the scale of natural systems.
This session invites multidisciplinary contributions addressing the different components of natural hydrogen systems: water sources, circulation and access to reactive rocks; geometry and dynamics of ultramafic source regions; serpentinization mechanisms, reaction kinetics and H₂ generation; structural controls and migration pathways; geochemical and biological sinks; gas–water–rock interactions and gas mixtures; reservoir properties, trapping and sealing mechanisms; and H₂ accumulation and preservation.
We particularly welcome studies integrating geology, structural geology, petrology, geochemistry, microbiology, laboratory experiments, numerical and reactive-transport modelling, and geophysical imaging, including seismic, electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic and multiphysics approaches.
A central objective is to connect processes with observable signatures: What transforms an H₂-generating geological environment into a functioning natural hydrogen system? Which observations can constrain its source, activity, migration pathways and potential accumulation? By connecting fundamental understanding with subsurface observations, this session aims to advance both the science and exploration of natural hydrogen.

The Earth system evolves through the interplay of processes operating over vastly different temporal and spatial scales. Short-lived perturbations such as earthquakes, mineral phase transformations, and changes in plate kinematics trigger cascades of coupled physical and chemical processes whose effects propagate far beyond the initiating event, ultimately shaping long-term geological evolution. Convergent plate boundaries provide exceptional natural laboratories because they encompass an unparalleled diversity of coupled processes, including subduction, fluid and chemical fluxes, magmatism, deformation, mountain building, and erosion. Together, high-resolution geological and geophysical observations and advances in experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate how transient and episodic processes interact across scales to shape the evolution of convergent plate boundaries.

This session welcomes contributions from geodynamics, tectonics, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, seismology, magmatic systems, sedimentology, and related disciplines. We particularly encourage interdisciplinary studies that integrate observations, experiments, and modelling to identify the mechanisms through which transient processes couple across scales, thereby linking short-lived, instrumentally observable perturbations to long-term dynamic evolution.

The lithospheric mantle varies markedly in thickness, composition, thermal structure and redox state. These differences reflect its initial formation conditions and subsequent modification by partial melting, metasomatism and tectonic reworking. The resulting chemical and physical heterogeneities can persist over geological time, recording past tectonic processes while influencing subsequent mantle melting and magma generation.
The architecture and composition of the lithospheric mantle control the generation, transport and evolution of mantle-derived magmas, as well as the mobilisation of volatiles and ore-forming elements that contribute to the metallogenic productivity of the crust. At convergent margins, a diverse range of fluids and melts released from the mantle wedge can generate significant chemical and redox heterogeneity in the overlying sub-arc lithosphere. These heterogeneities may persist through later tectonic events and influence arc magmatic activity. At divergent margins and in intraplate settings, lithospheric heating and thinning, asthenosphere–lithosphere interaction and inherited metasomatic domains can generate contrasting magma compositions and volatile fluxes. Comparisons among these tectonic settings provide an opportunity to determine how geodynamic environments, lithospheric architecture and mantle inheritance influence partial melting and the chemical/mass transfer from the mantle towards the surface.
Key questions include how: (i) the lithospheric mantle forms and evolves through geological time; (ii) compositional, metasomatic and redox heterogeneity is generated and preserved; and (iii) this inherited structure influences subsequent mantle melting, magma chemistry, volatile transfer and associated mineralisation.
This session brings together contributions from mantle petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry; experimental petrology and thermodynamic modelling; and geophysical and geodynamic studies that constrain lithospheric architecture and mantle processes. By integrating these approaches, we aim to better understand how the formation, architecture and modification of the lithospheric mantle control magmatism, volatile cycling and metallogeny through geological time.

Trans-lithospheric plumbing systems provide a framework for understanding how melts are generated, transported, modified and stored across the mantle-crust continuum, linking deep magmatic processes to their volcanic and plutonic expressions. The architecture and evolution of these systems control how mantle-derived melts interact with the lithosphere, undergo differentiation and mixing, and ultimately feed crustal reservoirs and volcanic systems, including their metal endowment. Investigating their deep roots and connectivity is therefore essential for reconstructing the spatial and temporal evolution of magmatism and for understanding the relationships between igneous processes in the mantle and the crust, as well as the interaction of volcanic systems with the atmosphere.
This session thus invites contributions addressing the architecture, dynamics and evolution of trans-lithospheric active or fossil plumbing systems from mantle melting to magma transport, crustal storage, differentiation and eruption. We particularly welcome multidisciplinary studies integrating geophysical, geochemical, petrological, structural or numerical modelling perspectives that investigate the connections between deep and shallow magmatic processes and provide new perspectives on the volcano-plutonic link and associated volcano hazards.

Subduction zones are complex, evolving systems in which the downgoing plate, plate interface, mantle wedge, overriding plate and surrounding mantle interact across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. These interactions govern plate motions and deformation, shape mountain belts and sedimentary basins, drive mantle flow and chemical recycling, and generate much of Earth’s seismicity and volcanism. Yet fundamental questions remain about how subduction initiates, how it is maintained, why its geometry and style vary, and how subduction zones reorganize or cease.

This session focuses on the dynamics of the complete subduction system, from the surface and plate boundary to the transition zone and lower mantle. We invite contributions addressing subduction initiation, propagation, maturation and termination; slab geometry, strength and deformation; plate-interface coupling, seismicity and slow slip; mantle-wedge and sub-slab flow; overriding-plate deformation and topographic response; trench migration and slab rollback; flat-slab and stagnant-slab behaviour; tearing, break-off and delamination; interactions with ridges, plateaus, seamounts and inherited lithospheric structure; and slab penetration into, or stagnation within, the deep mantle.

We also welcome studies examining how rheology, thermal structure, phase transitions, hydration and dehydration, fluids, melts and compositional heterogeneity influence subduction dynamics and their surface expression. Contributions may address present-day or ancient systems and may use geophysical, geological, geodetic, geochemical and petrological observations, laboratory experiments, analytical theory or numerical models.

The subduction plate interface is Earth's most dynamic plate boundary. It hosts the planet's largest earthquakes and tsunamis, drives global crustal recycling, and governs global volatile budgets through CO2 and H2O fluxes between the surface and deep mantle. Deciphering its physical, mechanical, and chemical processes is essential for mitigating geohazards and understanding Earth's geological evolution.
A decade after the conclusion of a multi-disciplinary initiative, namely the European ITN ZIP (Zooming In between Plates), the subduction community has experienced ten years of rapid observational, technological and methodological advances. High-density geodetic and seismic networks, advanced marine geophysics, high-pressure rock deformation experiments, high-precision isotopic geochronology, 3D and 4D seismo-thermo-mechanical numerical models, as well as seismotectonic analogue models have fundamentally reshaped how we view the boundary between converging plates.
Despite past advancements, several key questions remain: how do transient rheologies interact to control megathrust earthquake nucleation, rupture propagation, and post-seismic relaxation? What governs the multi-scale spatial and temporal transitions from creep to seismic slip? How does mechanical mixing and stacking of tectonic slivers within the subduction channel alter mass and fluid fluxes from the shallow seismogenic zone down to the sub-arc mantle wedge?
Marking 10 years since the conclusion of the ZIP network, this session aims to review a decade of progress, to assess open questions, and to identify new directions in subduction interface research. We invite contributions from a broad, international pool of geoscientists from various disciplines.

The Caribbean supra-subduction system has undergone continuous evolution and repeated reorganizations since the Late Mesozoic, while remaining intensely active today. Subduction, arc and back-arc dynamics interact with major strike-slip systems, collision zones and distributed deformation, together shaping a broad, complex and evolving plate-boundary region. The geological record and present-day activity of this system provide complementary constraints on how plate boundaries initiate, evolve, interact, merge and disappear, and on the processes controlling their localization and reorganization.
Increasingly refined geological, geochemical, geochronological, geophysical and geodetic observations constrain this evolution from Mesozoic plate configurations to present-day fault kinematics and deformation. Geochronological, geochemical and isotopic records provide temporal and petrogenetic constraints on magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, crust–mantle interactions and changes in geodynamic regime through time. Together, these observations reveal interactions between crustal deformation, inherited structures, subduction dynamics, mantle flow and magmatism, providing an opportunity to investigate how these processes interact across crustal and mantle depths and how past evolution influences present-day deformation.
We welcome contributions addressing the structure, kinematics, dynamics and evolution of the Caribbean tectonic system, including plate reconstructions and boundary reorganization, active faulting and deformation partitioning, subduction and back-arc processes, mantle dynamics, seismicity, magmatism and arc evolution, fluid-rock interactions, and vertical motions. We encourage contributions integrating geological, geochemical, geochronological, geophysical, geodetic and modelling approaches, particularly those using the Caribbean to address broader questions about the dynamics and evolution of plate boundaries and supra-subduction systems.

Rifting is a complex process that spans from the inception of lithospheric extension through continental rupture and the onset of oceanic spreading, or alternatively to the formation of a failed rift. This session aims to combine new data, concepts and techniques elucidating the structure and dynamics of rifts and rifted margins, and to investigate how continental extension evolves into, or fails to evolve into, a new plate boundary and oceanic spreading system.

We invite submissions addressing the time-dependent evolution and interactions of processes including faults and ductile shear zones development, tectonic and sedimentary history, magma migration, storage and volcanism, lithospheric necking and rift strength loss, influence of lithospheric inheritance, rift kinematics and plate motion, mantle flow and dynamic topography, as well as continental break-up and the transition to oceanic seafloor spreading.

We welcome multidisciplinary and innovative approaches using field geology, geochronology, geochemistry, petrology, seismology, geodesy, marine geophysics, plate reconstruction, or numerical or analogue modelling.

Emphasis will be given to presentations that bridge spatial and temporal scales and integrate insights from active rifts, passive margins, nascent oceanic domains, and failed rift arms.

Mid-ocean ridges, transform faults, and fracture zones provide natural laboratories to study the formation and evolution of oceanic lithosphere. Advances in deep-sea exploration, geophysical imaging, analytical techniques, and numerical modelling have improved our understanding of these systems. At the same time, observations from modern oceanic lithosphere provide constraints on the processes recorded in ancient oceanic and ophiolitic sequences.

The relative roles and interactions of magmatism, tectonic deformation, and hydrothermal circulation remain poorly constrained. Recent advances reveal significant complexity of transform faults and fracture zones, with increasing evidence for magmatism and hydrothermal circulation within and beyond the transform domain. Their role in fluid transport, heat transfer, and chemical exchange between the lithosphere and the ocean remains an open question.

This session brings together multidisciplinary studies of oceanic lithosphere along and beyond mid-ocean ridges, including transform faults, fracture zones, and off-axis regions. We welcome geological, geophysical, geochemical, petrological, and modelling studies, particularly those integrating complementary datasets or approaches. Contributions based on high-resolution deep-sea observations, ocean drilling, and geodynamic modelling are encouraged. The session also welcomes studies addressing ancient oceanic lithosphere and Proterozoic or Archean analogues.

Cratons preserve some of Earth’s oldest continental crust and provide fundamental insights into the formation, stabilization, and dynamics of the early continents. Their emergence established long-lived, stable environments that may have influenced the development and persistence of early life. While many cratons survived since Archean, advances in seismic imaging, integrated with geochemical and geological observations suggests that some of them are modified or even destroyed in the recent past. While the mechanisms of destruction and modification remain debated, their destabilisation of the cratonic lithosphere may have disrupted deep lithospheric reservoirs, facilitating the release of volatiles into the atmosphere and establishing an important link between Earth’s deep interior, lithosphere, and atmosphere. This connection further emphasizes the economical significance of cratons, as the primary repository of diamonds and critical minerals essential for modern technologies, making their study central to the energy transition. For this session, we invite multidisciplinary contributions including but not limited to geodynamics, geochemistry, geology, seismology, and biogeodynamics. The focus is on investigating craton dynamics and its critical role in shaping Earth’s processes, from early planetary development to modern geological history.

Classic rheological models predicting a depth that separates brittle deformation in the upper crust from a region below in which deformation is dominated by ductile processes have long been outdated. In fact, the deformation behaviour of Earth’s lithosphere is more complex and brittle and ductile processes may interact throughout the lithosphere. In the rock record, brittle deformation may be expressed as features ranging from micro-fracturing of mineral grains up to large-scale faults with or without evidence of seismic ruptures (e.g. pseudotachylytes). On the other hand, ductile deformation is typically expressed as shear zones ranging from millimeter to kilometer scales. Factors known to determine whether strain is accommodated by brittle and/or ductile processes include, but are not limited to: material properties (e.g., grain size, composition), strain rate, strain incompatibilities, pressure-temperature conditions, the availability of fluids, and rock modification by metamorphic reactions.
The multitude of possible factors determining the deformation style in the lithosphere make a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere challenging. In this session we aim to tackle the complex topic of lithospheric deformation by combining observations from natural rocks with those from experimental and numerical studies.

Continental crust preserves complex and often overprinted histories of deformation, magmatism, metamorphism, burial and exhumation. These histories are encoded in rock fabrics at scales ranging from mineral lattices to orogenic belts, yet the ways in which rock fabrics record different deformation processes or stages is rarely straightforward.
This session explores how structural, mineral, and magnetic fabrics can be integrated to reconstruct deformation kinematics and tectonic histories. We invite studies of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks from active and ancient orogens, using approaches including field-based structural analysis, crystallographic and microstructural fabric characterization, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and remanence, paleomagnetism, petrology, geochronology, seismic anisotropy, and analogue or numerical modelling. We particularly welcome contributions that combine or integrate independent proxies and methods; connecting mineral-scale and outcrop-scale observations to crustal-scale processes; or confront ambiguities caused by strain partitioning, magmatic versus tectonic fabrics, metamorphic overprinting and structural reactivation.

Partial melting of Earth’s crust and mantle occurs in a wide range of settings, e.g., within plate, and at divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. Although some of the factors triggering partial melting and the mechanisms allowing the ascent of magma through the crust have been well studied in the past decades, the role of structural inheritance in triggering partial melting and creating preferential pathways for magma to rise through the crust and to the surface remains poorly understood.
Recent improvements and the development of new techniques in exploration geophysics, geochronology, numerical modelling, and the temporal and spatial resolution of data, make it now possible to better detect potential relationships both at regional and local scale. Examples of inheritance–magmatism interplay include but are not limited to fault-controlled mantle exhumation, partial melting at eroded anticlines, magmatic intrusions along fold axial cleavage, faults and shear zones, preexisting orogens controlling the formation of transform faults, triple junctions, radiating dyke swarms, Large Igneous Provinces, and core complexes.
These relationships may have profound implications for, e.g., the identification of natural resources, nature and origin of magma-rich/poor rifted margins, formation of seaward-dipping reflectors, morphology and seismicity of rifts and orogens, localization of transform faulting, formation of microcontinents, development of cratonic lithosphere, composition of anomalously thick crust (e.g., Iceland, Rio Grande–Walvis, Mozambique–Madagascar, Laxmi–Laccadive–Chagos, and South Tasman ridges), and plate and planetary tectonics (e.g., the supercontinent cycle).
We welcome contributions across the geosciences focusing on the interaction between structural inheritance and magmatism. Interdisciplinary studies combining various approaches, e.g., fieldwork, subsurface exploration, laboratory analysis, and/or modelling and fields, e.g., exploration for natural resources, geochemistry, geochronology, geodynamics, geophysics, mineralogy, petrology, seismic reflection, seismology, and structural geology, are particularly encouraged. The session aims at gathering scientists from various fields and with varied backgrounds to enhance discussion and multidisciplinary collaborations and identify potentially important causal relationships such as factors controlling partial melting, including the type and amount of magmatism.

Scientific drilling, both marine and continental, provides a unique window into Earth’s interior, surface processes, paleoclimates, natural hazards and the distribution of subsurface microbial life. Past and current scientific drilling programs of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), the International Ocean Drilling Programme (IODP3) and the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) continue to drive major advances in interdisciplinary fields of socio-economic importance, including climate and ecosystem evolution, palaeoceanography, the deep biosphere, sustainable georesources, crustal and tectonic processes, as well as geodynamics and geohazards. This session invites contributions that present or review recent scientific results from deep Earth sampling and monitoring through drilling projects. Furthermore, we welcome submissions outlining visions for future drilling projects, as well as new research emerging from scientific drilling legacy data.

The Earth's mantle is a chemically heterogeneous system whose compositional variability both records and drives the planet's evolution. From depleted and enriched domains produced by melt extraction to recycled crustal materials introduced by subduction, mantle heterogeneities serve simultaneously as tracers of deep processes and as active agents controlling melting, buoyancy, and rheology. A central question remains: how do these heterogeneities evolve from their generation in the deep mantle to the geochemical, physical, and tectonic signatures observed in volcanic rocks and at the surface?

Addressing this question requires integrating petrological and geochemical observations of mantle rocks and melts with geophysical imaging, experimental constraints, and geodynamic modelling. We welcome studies that connect deep and shallow observations across spatial and temporal scales, from metasomatic overprints in lithospheric peridotites to the volatile and isotopic signatures of volcanic products. Contributions combining petrological and geochemical constraints with geophysical observations and geodynamic models, as well as those addressing feedbacks between mantle composition, mantle flow, melting, and lithospheric deformation, are particularly encouraged.

The session focuses on innovative research, observational and field studies, experimental and theoretical advances aimed at understanding the generation, preservation, modification and transport of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle and their consequences for mantle dynamics, magmatism and lithospheric evolution. We welcome contributions from a broad range of disciplines, including mantle petrology and geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, experimental petrology, mineral physics, seismology and tomography, volcanology, geodynamics, thermodynamic modelling and numerical simulations. The session also specifically welcomes contributions from Early Career Scientists.

Earth’s mantle is compositionally heterogeneous, recording planetary differentiation, core formation, and exchange among deep and surface reservoirs. Understanding its present structure and long-term evolution requires integrating geochemical observations with geophysical constraints. This session welcomes contributions from geochemistry, petrology, mineralogy, geophysics, and geodynamic modelling to investigate mantle composition, heterogeneity, and evolution. Topics include the formation, preservation, and recycling of mantle and crustal reservoirs, evidence for core - mantle interaction, early differentiation, mantle melting as well as links between mantle dynamics and surface processes. We particularly encourage the introduction of new analytical approaches, innovative use of geochemical and geophysical databases, numerical modelling, data-driven methods, and interdisciplinary studies. The session seeks to foster interdisciplinary discussion of how chemical, isotopic, petrological, and geophysical evidence can be jointly used to develop more robust models for the present-day mantle and its evolution through Earth's history.

Minerals, melts, and fluids play critical roles in geological processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Together, they govern the storage and transport of heat and mass and affect planetary evolution, especially on Earth. The stability of these materials is controlled, in part, by pressure and temperature. At the same time, these intensive parameters influence the physical and chemical behaviour of these materials, such as density, rheology, reactivity, and transport properties.

Seemingly, these physicochemical properties influence how minerals, melts, and fluids interact with one another and thus their roles in various geological processes. For instance, such interactions drive metamorphism, magmatism, hydrothermal circulation, and the formation of valuable mineral deposits in the crust. They also influence the mechanical behaviour of rocks, affecting deformation, faulting, and earthquake generation. At deep Earth, mineral-melt-fluid interactions regulate element mobility, mantle metasomatism, volatile recycling, and chemical differentiation. The migration of such fluids and melts can link deep planetary interiors to shallower regions. Nevertheless, their stagnation or pooling can concentrate heat and influence the chemical reactions. Understanding the behaviour and interactions of minerals, melts, and fluids under high-pressure-temperature conditions is therefore paramount for constraining geologic processes from the atomic to planetary scale.

This session invites contributions which examine the behaviour and interactions of minerals, melts, and fluids across a wide range of conditions relevant to planetary interiors and the implications for geological processes. We welcome a broad range of studies, including those from experiments, computational simulations and modelling, and analyses of natural samples.

Understanding the properties and history of the core of Earth-like planets is essential to constructing a global planetary structure and evolution model and has implications for the planet's thermal, compositional, and orbital evolution. Unraveling planetary cores' structures, dynamics, and history, however, requires a synergy between many fields of expertise, such as mineral physics, geochemistry, seismology, geodynamics, gravimetry, geomagnetism, or remote sensing. This session welcomes contributions from all the aforementioned disciplines following theoretical, numerical, observational, or experimental approaches and aims to serve as a catalyst for multidisciplinary studies of Earth and Earth-like planetary cores.

The origin and evolution of the continental lithosphere is closely linked to changes in mantle dynamics through time, from its formation through melt depletion to multistage reworking and reorganization related to interaction with melts formed both beneath and within it. Understanding this history is critical to constraining terrestrial dynamics, element cycles and metallogeny. We welcome contributions dealing with: (1) Reconstructions of the structure and composition of the lithospheric mantle, and the influence of plumes and subduction zones on root construction; (2) Interactions of plume- and subduction-derived melts and fluids with the continental lithosphere, and the nature and development of metasomatic agents; (3) Source rocks, formation conditions (P-T-fO2) and evolution of mantle melts originating below or in the mantle lithosphere; (4) Deep source regions, melting processes and phase transformation in mantle plumes and their fluids; (5) Modes of melt migration and ascent, as constrained from numerical modelling and microstructures of natural mantle samples; (6) Role of mantle melts and fluids in the generation of hybrid and acid magmas. These topics can be illuminated using the geochemistry and fabric of mantle xenoliths and orogenic peridotites, mantle-derived melts and experimental simulations

On Earth, plate tectonics is closely coupled to mantle upwellings and downwellings which help drive the dynamic system. In this session, we explore the complex interactions between mantle plumes and plate tectonics, including how mantle plumes may interact with tectonic processes across a range of settings, from continental rifts and mid-ocean ridges to subduction zones, and are themselves modified by tectonics. Such interactions may include, but are not limited to, plume-induced lithospheric thinning and continental rifting (and associated excess melting), the deflection of rising conduits by subducting slabs and cratonic roots, and the geochemical exchange between plume melts and the lithosphere they traverse. In systems such as Iceland and Afar, there are observed interactions between rifting and mantle plume upwelling, yet the extent to which these processes influence one another remains unclear. Similarly, the nature of the relationship between subducting slabs and plumes, where they interact, is complex and may be fundamental to understanding some of the small- and large-scale patterns of convection, LIP emplacement, and hotspot systems. Together these gaps highlight how plumes both modify, and are modified by, plate tectonics.

We invite contributions from across geosciences including, but not limited to, numerical and analogue modelling, geochemistry, petrology, geophysics, volcanology, seismology, planetary science and tectonics. We especially encourage cross-disciplinary studies spanning different spatio-temporal scales and approaches which will foster conversations on emerging questions and future directions in the study of plume-tectonic interactions, particularly among early career researchers.

The Earth’s magnetic field is produced by dynamo action in the liquid iron core, which has profound influence on our habitable planet. One of the most striking manifestations of the geodynamo are complete reversals of the dipole. Numerical simulations indicate that the lower mantle has a manifold impact on the dynamo whereby the absolute value and pattern of the heat flux through the core-mantle boundary affects the field strength, field geometry and reversal rate. However, neither the structure and the long-term evolution of the lower mantle and the core, nor the coupling between the two, are well understood. Moreover, field strength and reversal rate likely influence the survival and evolution of magnetoreceptive organisms, especially magnetotatic bacteria. We invite contributions that aim at understanding the long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field and Earth's core dynamics, deep mantle dynamics and its influence on the geodynamo. This interdisciplinary session aims to bring together paleomagnetists, seismologists, dynamo modellers, mantle dynamicists, mineral physicists, and biologists.

The Archean Eon records the formation of Earth’s earliest continental crust, the establishment of fundamental geodynamic processes, and the emergence of life. Yet the timing and nature of Archean tectonics and the conditions of crustal metamorphism, remain poorly constrained. Although the ancient rock record is fragmentary, Archean cratons preserve evidence from mineral to regional scales, offering a rare window into these processes. We seek studies that provide new constraints on Archean crustal growth and stabilization, metamorphic processes, and the evolution of the lithosphere.
We invite contributions investigating the metamorphic and tectonic evolution of Archean terranes through petrology, in situ petrochronology, thermodynamic modelling, geochronology, geochemistry, geophysics and geodynamic modelling. We particularly welcome studies integrating multiple approaches at different scales. Together, these perspectives can help unravel the processes that shaped the early Earth.

The Solar System encompasses planetary bodies with substantially different compositions, structures, and evolutionary histories. The discovery of more than 6000 exoplanets has further expanded this diversity. Understanding the physical and chemical response of planetary materials is therefore essential for reconstructing planetary formation and long-term evolution and, ultimately, assessing the conditions that shape planetary habitability.
Planetary materials experience conditions ranging from the cold surfaces to hot magma oceans and the extreme pressures of super-Earth interiors. No single approach spans this full range. We therefore invite work that brings experiments, calculations, natural sample analysis, and planetary observations into dialogue.
This session aims to connect material-scale processes and properties with planetary-scale questions, including the origin of compositional diversity, planetary differentiation, and subsequent thermal and chemical evolution. We welcome studies on crystallization and melting; magma degassing and volatile storage; chemical partitioning; and structural and transport properties of planetary materials. Contributions may span terrestrial planets and icy moons in the Solar System, as well as exoplanets such as super-Earths and large water-rich worlds.

Deep Earth hydrogen plays an important role in the structural evolution of our planet. This session focuses on the origin, speciation, and abundance of hydrogen in the Earth's deep interior, and its profound physical and chemical impacts on host minerals. We invite contributions exploring how deep hydrogen influences mineral phase transitions, rheology, electrical conductivity, and elastic wave velocities. Particular attention will be given to the role of hydrogen in shaping key deep Earth structures and interfaces, including the mantle transition zone, core–mantle boundary, and related discontinuities. We welcome interdisciplinary studies integrating high-pressure and high-temperature experiments, first-principles calculations, geophysical observations, and geochemical tracers. By bringing together diverse perspectives, this session aims to advance our understanding of deep hydrogen cycling, its incorporation mechanisms, and broader geodynamic and geophysical consequences.

Carbon and sulfur, despite their low bulk-planet abundance, are crucial to life as we know it, to mantle melting and volcanism, and to the climate (in-)stability of the Earth and beyond. Yet whilst every planet follows the same laws of chemistry, the specific roles of carbon and sulfur can play out to vastly different conclusions, as with Venus and the Earth. Clues to carbon and sulfur’s behaviour among the exoplanet population can be remotely accessed by observing their atmospheres. This session will explore the importance of these elements now and in deep time, across Earth, the Solar System, and exoplanets. We welcome new work from any discipline on carbon and/or sulfur in a range of contexts, from planet formation, mantle dynamics, and tectonics, to atmospheric chemistry and geobiology, progressing towards a cosmic picture of planetary evolution shaped by carbon and sulfur.

The mantles of Earth and other rocky planetary bodies may have been partly or fully molten early in their histories because of the energy of accretion, decay of short-lived radioisotopes, core differentiation, and giant impacts. These “magma oceans” played a fundamental role in early planetary evolution. Exchange between magma oceans and the atmosphere and core may have established the distribution of elements among major planetary reservoirs, while the evolution of magma oceans as they crystallized determined the initial thermal and chemical structure of planetary mantles. Understanding the magma ocean stage is therefore essential for reconstructing the initial conditions for the evolution of rocky planets and the formation of habitable environments. Furthermore, this early stage can be constrained by detecting its subtle fingerprints preserved in the geological records of Earth and other terrestrial planetary bodies and through astronomical observations of atmospheres of exoplanets with present-day magma oceans. Magma oceans have been an active topic of research as rapid developments in laboratory, computational, numerical, and observational capabilities push the boundaries of research closer to the conditions of this extreme stage of planetary evolution.
This session welcomes contributions on all aspects of magma oceans; relevant topics include magma ocean formation, the fluid dynamics and geochemistry/petrology of magma ocean evolution and crystallization, exchange between a magma ocean and other planetary reservoirs including degassing and core-mantle equilibration, and characterization of magma oceans based on evidence retained in the geological and magmatic records of planetary bodies. This session emphasizes exchange across disciplines and scales by inviting research employing a broad spectrum of experimental, observational, analytical, computational, and numerical approaches, such as laboratory experiments (e.g., diamond anvil cell, shock compression, tank fluid dynamics); geochemical and isotopic analyses of minerals and rocks; scaling and stability analyses; ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations; and modeling (e.g., multiphase flow, smooth particle hydrodynamics, atmospheric chemistry). Contributions combining different techniques, comparing different planets, and making links between the magma ocean stage and observables in the planetary record are particularly encouraged.

Dynamical processes shape the Earth and other rocky planets throughout their history; their present state is a result of this long-term evolution. Early on, processes and lifetimes of magma oceans establish the initial conditions for their long-term development; subsequently their long-term evolution is shaped by the dynamics of the mantle-lithosphere system, compositional differentiation or mixing, possible core-mantle reactions, interaction with their fluid envelopes through outgassing and regassing, etc.. These processes can be interrogated through observations of the rock record, geochemistry, seismology, gravity, magnetism and planetary remote sensing all linked through geodynamical modelling constrained by physical properties of relevant phases.

This session aims to provide a holistic view of the dynamics, tectonics, structure, composition and evolution of Earth and rocky planetary bodies (including exoplanets) on temporal scales ranging from the present day to billions of years, and on spatial scales ranging from microscopic to global, by bringing together constraints from geodynamics, seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, planetary science and astronomy.

Over 4.5 billion years of dynamic evolution has shaped the Earth’s surface and interior, from core formation, magma ocean crystallisation, and mantle plumes, to crustal formation and recycling processes. These processes are recorded in volcanic rocks spanning a temporal range reaching back to the Archean, shaping our ongoing understanding of Earth's mantle chemistry and structure. In this endeavour of understanding deep Earth processes and how they shape planetary physiochemical evolution, integrating multiple fields of study is essential.

This session aims to provide a comprehensive dialogue on the processes that shaped Earth’s chemically heterogeneous mantle that is recorded in mantle-derived rocks. This includes research on Hadean to modern geodynamic processes such as magma ocean differentiation, core-mantle exchange, subduction, plume and oceanic volcanism by use of novel and standard geochemical methods. This may further include interdisciplinary studies from geodynamics and seismology with implications for the chemical composition of Earth’s mantle and mantle-derived rocks.

Among planetary bodies, Earth presents the strongest set of constraints, making it a particularly valuable reference for understanding planetary systems and their evolution. This session focuses on innovative research that bridges planetary sciences and Earth system studies. We invite contributions that present techniques and methodologies developed for planetary sciences applications that can be applied to advance our understanding of Earth's systems. Additionally, we encourage submissions in comparative planetary sciences that analyse multiple celestial bodies, including Earth, to gain broader insights into planetary processes.

This session aims to bring together scientists from a range of disciplines, including geophysics, and igneous and metamorphic petrology, to develop an understanding of the physical processes involved in the emplacement of magma bodies in the crust. The mechanisms by which space is made are very poorly understood, with models ranging from those invoking ductile flow of the country rock (e.g. diapiric emplacement) to those involving brittle behaviour (e.g. stacking of sheets). A critical dimension to the problem concerns the nature of the environment into which the magma is emplaced. This may range from coherent, cool, continental crust to a pre-existing trans-crustal mush column, with thermally matured or evolving crustal conditions. The contrasting host rock rheologies of these two end-members can result in very different emplacement mechanisms, showing that understanding magma emplacement requires not only examining the intrusions themselves, but also their mechanical, in addition to thermal and chemical, interactions with the surrounding crust.

We welcome contributions from field studies, theoretical/numerical models, phase petrological, microstructural and palaeomagnetic observation, and experimental research, that capture essential features of the deformational, chemical and thermal evolution as magmas are emplaced.

Understanding how magma is generated, stored, transferred, mobilised, and ultimately transported toward the surface is central to deciphering volcanic behaviour and thus to improve the assessment of volcanic hazard. The trans-crustal evolution of magmas, and the associated variation in their rheological properties, exert a fundamental influence on magma remobilisation and on the timing, magnitude, and style of volcanic activity. Reconstructing how magma properties evolve through time is therefore essential for understanding the processes that regulate volcanic activity and for interpreting monitoring signals recorded at the surface.

In this framework, the petrological and geochemical record preserved in crystals, melts, and volcanic products provides a unique window into trans-crustal magmatic processes, revealing the physical and chemical evolution of magmatic systems from long-term storage to the final stages preceding eruption. These observations can be combined with field observations, experiments, numerical models, geophysical and monitoring data to constrain where, when, and how magmatic systems become eruptible.

This session aims to bring together studies investigating the pathways from magma generation and storage to mobilisation, ascent, and eruption. We particularly encourage petrological, volcanological, geochemical and geophysical contributions that constrain the architecture of magma plumbing systems, the processes and timescales of magma evolution and migration, their link with eruptive activity, and explore how petrological and geochemical observations can improve our understanding of pre- and syn-eruptive dynamics. Relevant approaches include field observations, mineral and melt chemistry, diffusion chronometry, thermobarometry, melt and fluid inclusions, isotope and trace-element geochemistry, experimental petrology, thermodynamic and kinetic modelling, numerical simulations, and textural and rheological investigations. Contributions integrating petrological information with geophysical, geodetic, or monitoring datasets are particularly encouraged. We also welcome emerging approaches, including automated mineral and textural analysis, machine learning, data-driven modelling, and high-resolution analytical techniques.

In 2009, a consortium of Icelandic geothermal companies known as the Iceland Deep Drilling Project drilled a well (IDDP-1) into Landsvirkjun’s (National Power Company of Iceland) geothermal field within Krafla Caldera. After 2000 m of drilling they encountered magma, as evidenced by quenched rhyolitic glass. This opened the opportunity to access shallow magma at a known location on an actively utilized geothermal field. The Krafla Magma Testbed is the endeavour to establish a magma observation and experimentation platform at depth. This platform will allow us to learn about magmatic process in-situ, how they interact with the host rock and surrounding hydrothermal system, and how they react to perturbations, either as part of energy extraction or even perhaps as part of a hazard mitigation programme. In preparation for accessing near-surface magma there remains a lot of previous and ongoing research that needs to be brought together, as well as research and development challenges that remain to be solved. This session invites contributions related to the Krafla Magma Testbed, and could consist of details of the science plan, previous and ongoing work in understanding the Krafla caldera and geothermal field, as well as work from other volcanic systems that has relevance to near-surface magmatic processes, magma drilling, near-magma subsurface conditions (e.g. temperature gradients, fluid flow and geochemistry, geomechanics and rheology, magma-hydrothermal interaction), subsurface magma modelling, detection and monitoring of near-surface magma bodies, instrumentation of high-temperature wells, deep geothermal energy, volcano monitoring, etc. This list is not exhaustive but gives an indication of the kinds of topics being sought to stimulate exchange and discussions regarding the existing scientific knowledge about this environment, the outstanding scientific needs to access it and the unique opportunities that accessing it could bring to science.

Magma composition, eruptive frequency, and tectonic context are highly variable features of volcanoes. Within such contexts, volcanic volatiles play a key role in magma transport, and impact on the style and timing of volcanic eruptions. Gas chemical and isotopic compositions may change over time, reflecting variations in the magmatic feeding systems of volcanoes. As the magma rises from depth, the decreasing pressure allows volatile species to partition into the gas phase. Bubbles form, grow, and coalesce, and gases start to flow through the vesciculated magma. Eventually, fluid and gases reach the surface and are released into the atmosphere through soil degassing, fumarolic vents, or bubbling through a water surface, forming large plumes or explosive eruption columns.

Volcanic emissions can also have significant impacts on the terrestrial environment, atmospheric composition, climate, and human health at various temporal and spatial scales. For instance, sulfur dioxide emissions can cause acid rain and influence aerosol formation, and if an eruption column reaches the stratosphere, it causes global dimming and a lowering of the Earth’s surface temperatures that may last for years. Similarly, halogens can dramatically affect proximal ecosystems, influence the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, and alter the stratospheric ozone layer.

Understanding the physicochemical processes underlying volcanic eruptions has improved tremendously through major advances in computational and analytical capabilities, instrumentation and monitoring networks, thereby improving the ability to reduce volcanic hazards. This session focuses on all aspects of volcanic volatile degassing in the Earth’s system through case studies and theoretical and multidisciplinary approaches. We invite contributions discussing how novel measurement techniques, field measurements, direct and remote ground and space-based observations, and modeling studies of volcanic degassing can provide new insights into volcanic and atmospheric processes at local and global scales.
Finally, but significantly, we strongly encourage critical contributions that offer alternative explanations and viewpoints, willingness to consider new ideas supported by evidence, and with the potential to improve the ability to forecast eruptions.

Glaciers and volcanoes interact in several ways. Volcanic and geothermal activity can alter the dynamics or mass balance of glaciers, and glaciers can influence the frequency and mechanisms of volcanic eruptions, resulting in the construction of distinct glaciovolcanic landforms. However, because of the remoteness of many glaciovolcanic environments, these interactions remain understudied.

In these complex settings, hazards associated with glacier-volcano interaction can vary from lava flows to volcanic ash fall, lahars, landslides, pyroclastic density currents, or glacial outburst floods. These can happen consecutively or simultaneously and have devastating impacts on society, as well as affect glaciers, rivers and the atmosphere. As glaciological and volcanological processes generate concurring signals, the challenge is to study, understand and ultimately discriminate these potentially coexisting signals. We wish to fully include geophysical observations of current and recent events with geological observations and interpretations of deposits of past events. Glaciovolcanoes also often preserve a unique record of the glacial or non-glacial eruptive environment that is capable of significantly advancing our knowledge of how Earth's climate system evolves.

We invite contributions focused on ice-covered volcanoes from anywhere on Earth and other planets that:
• improve the understanding of signals generated by ice-covered volcanoes;
• analyse glaciovolcanic eruptions, deposits or landforms;
• deal with the mitigation of hazards associated with ice-covered volcanoes;
• study the volcanic impacts on glaciers and vice versa;
• address climate and environmental change through glaciovolcanic studies.
Research on recent glaciovolcanic activity is especially welcomed. This includes geological observations e.g. of deposits in the field or remote-sensing data, together with experimental and modelling approaches. We aim to bring together scientists from volcanology, glaciology, seismology, geodesy, hydrology, geomorphology and atmospheric science to enable a broad discussion and interaction.

The session deals with the documentation and modelling of the tectonic, deformation and geodetic features of any type of volcanic area, on Earth and in the Solar System. The focus is on advancing our understanding on any type of deformation of active and non-active volcanoes, on the associated behaviours, and the implications for hazards. We welcome contributions based on results from fieldwork, remote-sensing studies, geodetic and geophysical measurements, analytical, analogue and numerical simulations, and laboratory studies of volcanic rocks.
Studies may be focused at the regional scale, investigating the tectonic setting responsible for and controlling volcanic activity, both along divergent and convergent plate boundaries, as well in intraplate settings. At a more local scale, all types of surface deformation in volcanic areas are of interest, such as elastic inflation and deflation, or anelastic processes, including caldera and flank collapses. Deeper, sub-volcanic deformation studies, concerning the emplacement of intrusions, as sills, dikes and laccoliths, are most welcome. We also particularly welcome geophysical data aimed at understanding magmatic processes during volcano unrest. These include geodetic studies obtained mainly through GPS and InSAR, as well as at their modelling to imagine sources.

The session includes, but is not restricted to, the following topics:
• volcanism and regional tectonics;
• formation of magma chambers, laccoliths, and other intrusions;
• dyke and sill propagation, emplacement, and arrest;
• earthquakes and eruptions;
• caldera collapse, resurgence, and unrest;
• flank collapse;
• volcano deformation monitoring;
• volcano deformation and hazard mitigation;
• volcano unrest;
• mechanical properties of rocks in volcanic areas.

The explosivity of a volcanic eruption reflects the processes which occur as magma ascends from the Earth's interior towards the surface. Investigating the processes and timescales that control the physical, chemical and rheological evolution of magma within volcanic reservoirs and conduits is essential to provide insight into eruptive style, and, consequently, into volcanic hazard assessment and mitigation. Magmatic processes, such as crystallisation, magma mixing and degassing, control magma differentiation and rheology, which in turn influence the remobilisation of crystal mushes, magma storage within the crust, the formation of eruptible magma, ascent dynamics, magma fragmentation and, ultimately, eruptive behaviour.
Analysis of the textural, chemical and isotopic characteristics of eruptive products can constrain pre- and syn-eruptive conditions and processes, in order to investigate the dynamics of magma storage, ascent and emplacement. Analytical and field observations, laboratory experiments, and numerical modelling are fundamental tools for investigating pre- and syn-eruptive processes and magma rheology, and for understanding the volcanic system and eruptive dynamics. This information can support petrological monitoring approaches, where geochemical and textural analysis of erupted products can provide real-time data over evolving eruptive episodes and important insight for mitigating the risks associated with volcanic activity.
In this session, we welcome petrological, experimental, geophysical and volcanological studies that investigate pre- and syn-eruptive conditions, magma rheology and the dynamics of magmatic processes within magma reservoirs, volcanic conduits and during emplacement through analytical, experimental, and numerical-based approaches. Contributions that investigate the hazards associated with volcanic activity, including petrological monitoring approaches, and interdisciplinary works that consider the close and complex interplay between magmatic processes, conduit dynamics and eruptive behaviour are encouraged.

Volcanoes are inherently complex and dynamic geological systems capable of generating and distributing vast volumes of sediment to surrounding environments, influencing the evolution of sedimentary systems during their lifetimes and beyond. These processes result in primary volcaniclastic deposits generated directly by volcanic mechanisms, such as pyroclastic density currents and tephra fallout, as well as a wide spectrum of secondary volcaniclastic and volcanic epiclastic deposits produced by the reworking and redeposition of eruption-fed material through lahars, debris avalanches, fluvial activity, and marine sedimentation.
These interactions operate across terrestrial and marine environments and over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, shaping landscapes, sediment routing systems, and basin evolution. The resulting deposits and sedimentary successions preserve valuable records of volcanic activity, environmental change, and landscape response during eruptive and inter-eruptive periods. Understanding the origin, transport and emplacement mechanisms of these diverse deposits is therefore fundamental for accurately reconstructing accumulation histories in modern and ancient volcano-sedimentary systems, and for assessing future hazards and their potential economic and societal impacts.
This interdisciplinary session invites contributions addressing all aspects of volcano-sedimentary processes and their geological records, from field-based studies to experimental and numerical modelling approaches.

Volcanic eruptions are spectacular manifestations of natural forces that dynamically shape our planet. Their impacts spread from the geosphere to the hydrosphere and the atmosphere with the potential to have severe consequences at global scale. Within the volcanological community, forecasting volcanic eruptions remains a primary goal in volcanic hazards and risk mitigation. Over the past decades, the quantity and resolution of observations and the quality of monitoring resources have steadily increased, providing a wealth of data on the underlying physical processes that drive volcanic eruptions. Novel technological advancements have significantly broadened both the spatial coverage and frequency bandwidth of geochemical and geophysical observations at active volcanoes. By integrating multi-parametric data from both ground and space, scientists now gain an unprecedented vision of the surface manifestations of mass transport beneath volcanoes as well as the internal structure from static and functional imaging techniques. This enables the detection and tracking of subtle signals of volcanic unrest prior to eruption, even at remote or inaccessible volcanoes. These advancements have been accompanied by new models and processing techniques including with artificial intelligence and machine learning, leading to innovative paradigms for the interpretation and inversion of observational data (geophysical, geochemical, geological). Within this context, this session aims to convene a multidisciplinary audience for discussing the most recent innovations in monitoring tools and to present observations, methods, and models that enhance our understanding of volcanic processes fostering our capabilities in volcanic early warnings and risk reduction.

Population growth and expanding infrastructure mean the impacts of volcanic eruptions are expected to increase. Ongoing unrest or eruptive activity at Etna, Campi Flegrei, on Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula, and Tenerife, highlight the potential threats of eruptions in Europe and the need to strengthen volcanic risk reduction efforts on local to regional scales. Effective volcanic risk reduction requires robust risk assessment that integrates the multiple volcanic hazards, as well as the exposure and vulnerability of people and assets.

This session invites contributions that advance volcanic hazard/risk assessment and risk reduction, including eruption forecasting, probabilistic hazard assessment, multiple-hazard management, assessment of exposure and vulnerability, impact and loss modelling, volcanic damage and impact assessments, multi-hazard and cascading risk, dynamic and probabilistic risk assessment, and approaches for evaluating resilience. We particularly welcome submissions that address emerging challenges, exploring the multi-hazard nature of volcanic environments and its increasing interactions with the climate and other hazards, as well as quantifying the dynamic nature of exposure and vulnerability during crises, especially in spatially limited environments like volcanic islands. We welcome stakeholder engagement and community-based risk reduction approaches, including successful examples of communication and coordination among stakeholders and with at-risk communities, as well as approaches that strengthen resilience. Contributions exploring volcanic hazard and risk management and the translation of scientific understanding into actionable insights for preparedness, mitigation, response, and risk reduction are encouraged.

This session is co-sponsored by the IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazard and Risk (CVHR).

Earth Observation provides essential insights into volcanic processes, supporting the detection and interpretation of unrest, the monitoring of eruptive activity, and volcanic hazard assessment. Integrating these observations with ground-based measurements and advanced computational methods offers new opportunities to improve our understanding of volcanic systems and strengthen forecasting capabilities.
This session brings together contributions at the interface of Earth Observation (EO), volcanology, and computational innovation. We welcome studies using radar, optical, thermal, and multispectral or hyperspectral observations, particularly those integrating complementary datasets to investigate surface deformation, thermal anomalies, gas emissions, and volcanic deposits. Contributions may address the full range from methodological developments to operational monitoring and forecasting applications.
A central focus is the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in extracting information from complex datasets, identifying patterns and anomalies, and supporting predictive modeling. We encourage approaches that combine data-driven methods with physical understanding, including physics-informed learning, data assimilation, and statistical and probabilistic frameworks, with attention to uncertainty, interpretability, and robustness.
The session also welcomes emerging quantum and quantum-inspired approaches, including Quantum-AI and Quantum-ML, that seek to complement established methods in EO and volcanology. Topics of interest include hybrid classical–quantum workflows and the exploration of computational challenges associated with high-dimensional data, nonlinear processes, and complex optimization problems.

Volcanic eruptions can perturb the atmosphere and climate across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The stratospheric injection of sulfur dioxide and the subsequent formation and transport of sulfate aerosols can affect the Earth’s radiative balance, atmospheric circulation, and the coupled atmosphere-ocean system. This constitutes a complex scenario that continues to present important open questions, calling for advanced modeling, computational, and observational approaches.
This session focuses on strategies that combine physical and data-driven modeling, multi-source data, and real-time monitoring to enhance our ability to detect, quantify, model and predict the climate impacts of volcanic activity. We therefore welcome contributions addressing volcano-climate interactions from a broad range of perspectives, including physical modeling, satellite observations, in situ measurements, and paleo records. Particular emphasis is placed on approaches aimed at quantifying short- and long-term effects, identifying eruption-induced anomalies and patterns, and exploiting advanced technologies, including machine learning and emerging computational methods. Case studies of recent or historical major eruptions are also encouraged.

Hydrothermal alteration influences physical and chemical properties of volcanic rocks, fluid migration, and evolution of volcanic and magmatic-hydrothermal systems. The circulation of hot magmatic fluids dissolves primary minerals, reorganises soluble elements, and precipitates secondary alteration assemblages. Such alteration processes record important information for understanding ancient and modern systems, and change physical and mechanical rock properties in ways that influence magma and fluid migration pathways, eruption styles (e.g., phreatic eruptions), flank stability, and resources.
Despite its importance, alteration can often be treated simplistically due to paucity in quantitative understanding of its spatio-temporal distribution. Recent advances have enabled characterisation of alteration minerals and processes across space and time, integrating remote sensing and geophysical methods, mineralogical and geochemical constraints; mechanical property measurements; and data-driven models that couple fluid flow, reaction, and deformation. This session thus invites contributions from remote sensing, geochemistry, mineralogy, geophysics, rock physics, and modelling that advance our understanding of alteration in magmatic-hydrothermal systems, and the implications of this alteration for volcanic hazards. We encourage diverse contributions, especially those integrating multiple disciplines: ground, satellite, drone and airborne remote sensing (multi and hyperspectral, thermal, SAR, LiDAR), time-series monitoring, structural studies, fluid-rock interaction processes, mineralogical evolution, experimental simulations, geochemical modelling, geophysical mapping (ERT, MT and others), rock physics and mechanics, field to laboratory studies, scaling from sample to edifice, phreatic/phreatomagmatic explosions, fluid migration, flank instability and collapse, and computational modelling.
Through this session we aim to establish a shared framework linking alteration across disciplines and outcomes in different volcanic settings, and to promote the gradual standardisation of approaches and understanding of hydrothermal alterations, its impact on volcanic systems, and distribution across time and space. We also foster collaborations to improve our ability to identify and evaluate critical developments driven by hydrothermal processes that may lead to instability, flank failure or triggered explosions.

Monitoring volcanic processes for early detection and/or timely identification of hazardous phenomena relies on the integration of field observations, remote sensing data and numerical models.
This session is dedicated to exploring open questions in the understanding, modelling, and forecasting of volcanic processes and associated hazards. We welcome inter-, cross-, and multi-disciplinary research spanning field observations, satellite remote sensing, physico-mathematical formulations, probabilistic forecasting, data assimilation and fusion, and the development and application of advanced numerical methods. Particular emphasis is placed on approaches that link traditional volcano monitoring with advances in computational science, statistical analysis, Machine Learning (ML), and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
The session aims to promote scientific exchange on the challenges and opportunities associated with the comprehension of complex volcanic systems and translating multidisciplinary observations into improved modelling and hazard assessment. Contributions are encouraged, but not limited, to address the following objectives:

(i) advancing the understanding of volcanic processes and their spatio-temporal dynamics;
(ii) developing innovative approaches for the monitoring, modelling, and forecasting of volcanic phenomena;
(iii) assessing model performance and robustness through validation against real-world case studies, analytical solutions, and laboratory experiments;
(iv) quantifying uncertainty propagation in forward modelling, including sensitivity analysis, and inverse modelling, including optimization and calibration;
(v) exploring the potential of AI- and ML-based methods for integrating and processing heterogeneous, multidisciplinary datasets to enhance volcanic hazard assessment, risk reduction, mitigation strategies, and decision-support applications.
Finally, the session seeks to bring the community together to incentive scientific debate and inspire future directions on volcanic risk mitigation, infrastructural resilience, and societal impacts in active volcanic regions.

Seismic and infrasound observations are essential for monitoring and understanding volcanic systems, providing complementary constraints on subsurface dynamics, eruptive processes, and atmospheric interactions. However, the interpretation of these data is challenging: volcanic heterogeneity, steep topography, and atmospheric variability significantly distort both seismic and acoustic signals, while diverse source mechanisms—from magma migration to explosive eruptions to surface flow activity —produce a wide range of waveforms that remain difficult to understand comprehensively. Numerical and physics-based modelling provides a crucial framework for disentangling these effects and linking observations to underlying volcanic processes. These complexities demand high-resolution imaging, advanced source inversion strategies, and integrated analyses that leverage both seismic and acoustic datasets.
This session invites contributions from researchers in volcano seismology, infrasound, and related fields, focusing on (i) seismicity and infrasound catalogues and their spatio-temporal evolution, (ii) wave propagation, scattering, and atmospheric effects, (iii) high-resolution imaging of volcanic structures, (iv) joint seismic–acoustic source inversions, and (v) time-lapse monitoring and forecasting. We particularly welcome approaches that extract robust information from sparse or incomplete datasets, as is often the case for remote or poorly instrumented volcanoes. Studies on geothermal analogues, novel instrumentation, and emerging analysis methodologies (e.g., machine learning) are also welcome. By fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue between seismologists, acoustic specialists, and numerical modellers, this session aims to highlight recent advances and key challenges in characterizing volcanic processes and improving hazard assessment

Recent volcanic activity worldwide has provided exceptional opportunities to study magmatic systems in near-real time. These events show both the societal impact of volcanism, from threats to infrastructure and communities to the challenges of crisis response. They also offer important opportunities to investigate magma storage, transport, and eruption dynamics.

This session invites contributions encompassing geochemistry, petrology, and geophysics, as well as monitoring, modeling, and crisis management, to advance our understanding of eruptive processes and their consequences. Case studies from recent eruptions in Iceland, Hawai‘i, the Canary Islands, Italy, Mexico, Indonesia, the Philippines and other active volcanic regions are particularly welcome. We welcome studies based on field observations, laboratory experiments, geochemical and petrological analyses, numerical modeling and data-driven approaches, as well as contributions that consider the operational and societal dimensions of eruptive crises. By bringing together diverse perspectives, this session aims to promote dialogue across disciplines and between scientists and hazard managers. Topics of interest include magma plumbing system architecture, eruption triggers, timescales of magmatic processes, real-time geophysical and geochemical monitoring, and hazard assessment and mitigation strategies.

The session will provide a platform to synthesize lessons learned from recent eruptions, highlight methodological innovations, and promote integrated strategies for advancing volcanological research while strengthening responses to volcanic activity.

Volcanic islands are dynamic and hazard-prone environments where the interplay of complex geological processes poses unique scientific and logistical challenges for disaster risk reduction. Assessing these hazards is inherently difficult because phenomena operate across wide spatial and temporal scales, often complemented by limited observations and high uncertainty. These challenges are further amplified by the fact that islands geography severely restricts evacuation routes, logistics, and emergency response, as well as the study and the monitoring of large offshore sectors of the volcano. Moreover, high seasonal tourist mobility, land-use pressures, and offshore observation gaps further compound socio-economic vulnerabilities and monitoring limits. In this context, we request contributions of eruptive as well as non-eruptive hazards like flank instabilities, landslides, tsunamis, earthquakes, and gas emissions that can generate complex, cascading multi-hazard scenarios with particularly high impacts.
This session brings together researchers working on the assessment, monitoring, modelling, and mitigation of volcanic hazards in island settings. We welcome contributions addressing advances in hazard characterization, remote sensing, geophysical and geochemical monitoring, numerical modelling, and probabilistic hazard assessment. Particular attention will be given to approaches addressing uncertainty, variability, and multi-hazard interactions. The session explores cutting-edge methodologies in hazard modeling, innovative monitoring techniques, and interdisciplinary approaches to be translated into effective risk-reduction strategies and build resilient island communities.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming increasingly important tools in volcano science, with applications spanning geophysical monitoring, remote sensing, numerical modelling, volcano-tectonics, igneous petrology, geochemical data analysis, and volcanic hazard assessment. These approaches offer new opportunities to automate tasks, enhance modelling strategies, analyse increasingly complex datasets, and accelerate knowledge discovery. At the same time, their integration into scientific research introduces important methodological and epistemological challenges, including understanding what AI models actually learn, assessing the physical and geological meaning of identified patterns, and ensuring transparency, reproducibility, robustness, and interpretability.
Beyond their predictive capabilities, AI and ML also raise broader questions about how data-driven methods contribute to scientific understanding. In volcano science, where observations are often incomplete and direct constraints on subsurface processes are limited, identifying correlations is not necessarily equivalent to understanding the mechanisms that generate them. Integrating domain knowledge, physical constraints, and causal reasoning may therefore help develop approaches that are both effective and scientifically meaningful. These issues become especially important in high-risk contexts such as volcanic hazard assessment, risk mitigation, crisis management, and risk communication.
This session welcomes contributions across volcano science, including geophysics, remote sensing, experimental and numerical modelling, volcano-tectonics, igneous petrology, geochemistry, monitoring, and hazard assessment. We particularly encourage work on data-driven discovery, physics-informed ML, automated data analysis, model interpretability and explainability, uncertainty assessment, reproducibility, and the integration of AI-derived results with geological and physical understanding. We also welcome emerging approaches such as digital twins and agentic AI, as well as epistemological perspectives on how AI may influence scientific inference, explanation, hypothesis generation, and scientific understanding. Finally, the session welcomes studies on the responsible use of AI in volcanic-hazard applications and its interaction with scientists, volcano observatories, stakeholders, and decision-makers.

The increasing volume, diversity, and complexity of volcanological datasets are creating new opportunities for Machine Learning and computational approaches to extract information, identify patterns, and characterize changes in volcanic systems. This session welcomes contributions aimed at identifying transitions in volcanic state, characterizing unrest and eruptive processes, and developing automated and near-real-time monitoring and forecasting systems, as well as studies addressing the evaluation, comparison, interpretability, robustness, and transferability of ML models across different datasets and volcanic systems. We particularly encourage contributions from volcanologists, data scientists, and monitoring communities that bridge innovative computational methodologies with sustainable data practices, promoting reproducible and reusable ML workflows and data products. Datasets, derived products, workflows, and computational outputs are encouraged to adhere to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) and open data principles. By sharing these through dedicated research infrastructures and services, such as EPOS, their accessibility, interoperability, and reuse are enhanced for the broader volcanological community.

The dynamics of magmatic systems are driven by complex processes that span from deep mantle melt generation to volcanic eruptions at the surface. These processes include: melt generation in the upper mantle and lower crust, magma transport, differentiation and emplacement in the crust, complex melt-rock interactions, genesis of energy and mineral resources, and volcanic extrusions with related hazards. Such fluid-mechanical and thermo-chemical processes operate across sub-millimetre to kilometre scales and timescales ranging from seconds to millions of years , and involve multiple phases, such as liquid melt, solid crystals, volatile and metal-bearing fluids, and pyroclasts. Understanding these processes requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining observations, experiments, and computational methods including forward and inverse modelling and machine learning.

Despite the crucial role of computational methods in integrating and interpreting data from various sources, there has been limited development of a dedicated community across volcanic, petrology, and magmatic studies. For the fourth consecutive year, this session aims to address this gap by focusing on computational approaches to understanding volcanic and magmatic systems. We seek to bring together researchers working on forward and inverse modelling, machine learning, and other computational methods to foster a thriving and collaborative community that complements well-established observational and experimental lines of work.

We encourage contributions that explore the theory, development, application, and validation of computational approaches for integrating and interpreting experimental and observational data to improve our understanding of volcanic and magmatic processes. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Multiphase flow dynamics
- Thermodynamics and phase equilibria
- Magma transport and storage
- Chemical and rheological melt-rock interactions
- Crystallization, immiscibility, and degassing processes
- Energy and mineral resource genesis
- Magma-hydrothermal interactions
- Eruption dynamics and hazards

This session aims to provide a platform for in-depth technical discussions that are challenging to facilitate in broader multidisciplinary sessions, ultimately fostering a stronger computational community within volcanic and magmatic studies.

Currently geological collections, including the institutions and professionals curating them, face growing operational and financial threats. Several University Earth Science Departments and scientific Institution face merging with other disciplines or closure and their historical collections are at risk of destruction. Museums and other institutions are struggling with financial resources and space. Yet, in an era dominated by modelling and big data, the strategic, scientific, and educational value of geo-collections is frequently unrecognized. While there is the need to preserve important and, in some cases, unique collections of specimens, historical photographs, field documents, geological maps and scientific instruments, there is an urgent need to discuss how to collect for the future and what it is the best way to use both existing and future collections.
This session provides a platform to showcase the scientific, educational, and societal value of physical and digital sample repositories. We invite contributions demonstrating how collections drive the advance of geological research. In this context, “collections” encompasses repositories managed by museums, universities, volcano observatories etc. We welcome submissions exploring case studies using physical or digital sample repositories for research, innovative methodologies for enhancing FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles and Open Science, interdisciplinary applications of geo-collections, best practices for physical preservation, archiving and conservation, funding strategies, community engagement and lessons learned.
We aim to bring together curators and researchers to foster international collaboration, advocate for institutional support, and promote the active use of geo-scientific collections.

AI is rapidly transforming research in deep Earth geodynamics, shaping research strategy, driving new research pathways, and promoting new research directions. This session invites AI-driven contributions and Machine Learning applications from geodynamics and related disciplines focusing on the structure and evolution of the Earth's crust and upper mantle.

The Geological Time Scale (GTS) is the result of centuries of observation, curation, and quantification of the stratigraphic record. The forthcoming iteration of the GTS, GTS2030, aims to begin the process of moving the GTS towards a broader audience, connecting domain scientists, data resources, and community organizations to develop a new modality of open science GTS construction. This session invites geochronologists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, astrochronologists, age modelers, data scientists, programmers, users of the Geologic Time Scale, anyone else interested in the next iteration of the GTS to submit an abstract. Best practices for open science, FAIR data system for the GTS are also welcome.
This session is organized by the International Subcommission on Timescale Calibration (ISTC) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

Time series are a common type of data generated by observational and modelling efforts across Earth, environmental and space sciences. Long-term observations are particularly important for understanding gradual changes and assessing risks, yet are often difficult to sustain and fund. Their characteristics can vary substantially, from short to long records, linear to nonlinear dynamics, univariate to multivariate data, and single- to multi-scale variability. These differences call for both tailored methodologies and general approaches.

A key challenge is distinguishing random fluctuations from long-term changes in order to better understand processes within and across Earth system components. This requires knowledge of temporal variability and, often, sufficiently long observations. For example, reliable sea-level trends may require several decades of continuous measurements because of decadal variability. Likewise, the stochastic variability of geophysical time series can exhibit power-law scaling, requiring long records for robust statistical assessment.

Time series analysis encompasses a broad range of tasks, including:
- characterizing nonlinear variability in the time and/or frequency domain;
- quantifying complexity, predictability and scaling properties;
- identifying statistical interdependencies within and between time series;
- distinguishing co-variability from causal relationships;
- reducing dimensionality and identifying meaningful modes of variability; and
- developing stochastic and deterministic statistical or dynamical models.

This session invites contributions on the development and application of modern methods for analysing observational and model time series across the EGU community, including geophysical, geodynamic, oceanographic, geodetic and climate observations from terrestrial observatories and remote sensing. Contributions addressing advances in sensors, instrumentation, monitoring, analysis and interpretation, as well as comparisons of different approaches, are welcome. Studies using novel methods, including AI, for the analysis of long time series are particularly encouraged. We aim to foster interdisciplinary exchange and cross-fertilization between different EGU divisions.

Thermal remote sensing is an increasingly established technique employing passive sensors to deriveEarth’s surface properties from the radiation emitted in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) domain. Its main focus is the thermal state of an object or surface, together with the associated surface temperature and emissivity. These properties are relevant across geological, environmental, climatic, agricultural, biological, and engineering applications.

Recent technological advances have driven the development of TIR remote sensing: satellite sensors and data infrastructure systems can now acquire and manage large volumes of high-fidelity TIR data at a wide range of spatial and temporal resolutions. Besides airborne and ground-based systems, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are increasingly used as versatile platforms that combine high spatial resolution with flexible temporal revisit. Together with a growing catalogue of current and upcoming missions, this makes it a timely moment to take stock of where the field stands.

This session addresses established and emerging research directions in TIR remote sensing and discusses the community's upcoming challenges. We welcome contributions on new frontiers, case studies, and data-integration analysis related to:

• Geosciences: volcanoes, hydrothermal systems, geothermal potential, mineral exploration, rare earths, cryosphere.

• Climate, Urban Systems, and Ecosystems: urban heat islands, global warming impacts, ecosystem stress, forest health, fire risk assessment, water management.

• Agriculture and Precision Farming: crop stress monitoring, irrigation management, soil analysis and pest/disease monitoring.

• Technological and Methodological Innovations: new sensors for satellite, airborne, UAS and in-situ platforms, multi-platform and/or multi-sensor data integration, Cal/Val activities.

• Data Processing and Infrastructure: approaches for managing and processing large TIR datasets, data fusion techniques, advanced algorithms for atmospheric correction and temperature and emissivity separation.

Multi-disciplinary studies and contributions from Early Career Scientists are especially welcome.

Invited Speaker: Sabine Chabrillat, Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ).

We are looking herein for new methodological, new techniques, new processing and new applications using UAS / drones to study any Earth Science processes.
We would like first to share our various knowledge, techniques, processing, methodologies, and experience in the use of UAS. Then we would like to illustrate the so many applications existing nowadays in Earth Sciences.
Moreover, we would like to insist on the importance to get a whole high resolution - pluri centimetric Ground Resolution – multitemporal dataset of aerial photographs coverage of a studied area at a so low price. An UAS acquisition provides after processing orthophotos as well as a high resolution Digital Surface Model from which we may process a high resolution Digital Terrain Model with many applications.
Consequently, we would expect various examples and applications from very different field in Earth Sciences such as geological and geomorphological mapping, geomorphometry, geodesy, natural hazards such as volcanic and seismic hazards, or landslide monitoring, floods, or other applications such as neotectonics and active tectonics, structural geology, tectonics, sedimentology and mapping of inaccessible outcrops, monitoring of fluvial or marine terrasses in order to get their evolutions, climate changes, and so on...
Finally we hope by this session and with time to create an « UAS community of the different colleagues who use UAS with applications in Earth Sciences » in order to optimize our practise, our results and our knowledge.

Fibre-optic based techniques enable highly precise point and distributed sensing of the full ground motion wavefield including translation, rotation and strain, as well as environmental parameters such as temperature at scales and with a degree of coverage previously unattainable with conventional geophysical sensors. Considerable improvements in optical and atom interferometry enable new concepts for inertial rotation, translational displacement and acceleration sensing. Laser reflectometry and polarisation analysis on commercial fibre-optic cables allow, for the first time, spatially dense and temporally continuous sensing of the ocean’s floor, successfully detecting a variety of signals including microseisms, local and teleseismic earthquakes, volcanic events and ocean dynamics. A significant breakthrough in the use of fibre-optic sensing techniques came from the new ability to interrogate already existing telecommunication cables to high temporal and spatial precision across a wide range of environments. Applications based on this new type of data are numerous, including seismic source and wavefield characterisation with single point observations in harsh environments such as active volcanoes and the seafloor, ambient seismic noise interferometry, earthquake and tsunami early warning, and infrastructure stability monitoring.

We welcome contributions on developments in instrumental and theoretical advances, applications and processing with fibre-optic point and/or distributed multi-sensing techniques, light polarisation and transmission analyses, using standard telecommunication and/or engineered fibre-optic cables. We seek studies on theoretical, instrumental, observation and advanced processing across all solid earth fields, including seismology, volcanology, glaciology, geodesy, geophysics, natural hazards, oceanography, urban environment, geothermal applications, laboratory studies, large-scale field tests, planetary exploration, gravitational wave detection and fundamental physics. We encourage contributions on data analysis techniques, novel applications, machine learning, data management, instrumental performance and comparison as well as new experimental, field, laboratory, and modelling studies in fibre-optic sensing studies.

How does continental crust deform, evolve, and reorganise during orogenesis? The Variscan Mountain Belt provides an exceptional natural laboratory to address this question across space and time scales. This session brings together field-based, analytical, experimental, and modelling approaches—from microstructures to crustal and orogen-scale processes— to build an integrated view of crustal dynamics during orogen formation. Contributions exploring the Variscan Belt and its analogues that bring together a multidisciplinary approach are particularly welcome.
We welcome contributions addressing structural and kinematic processes, from grain-scale microstructures to orogen-scale shear zones; petrological and geochemical characterisation; geochronology, thermochronology, and petrochronology; integrated P–T–t–D reconstructions; and analogue and numerical modelling. Particular emphasis is placed on studies that connect observations across scales and demonstrate how processes operating at the mineral and rock scale can be linked to crustal- and orogen-scale dynamics. This includes differentiation processes during melting, and preservation of structures across successive orogenic events. Comparative studies of other Variscan-age and peri-Gondwanan orogens are also encouraged, as well as contributions that explore how insights from the Variscan record can inform our understanding of more recent orogenic systems.
By bringing together complementary approaches, this session aims to promote discussion on how we can bridge scales and integrate geological observations with modelling to better understand the dynamics and evolution of continental crust through space and time.
The session will feature a keynote presentation by Dr Petra Maierová, specialist in numerical modelling of tectonic processes, from the Centre for Lithospheric Research, Czech Geological Survey.

Recent findings from the Paleozoic Caledonian (North European), Appalachian (North American), and Variscan (European–North African) belts highlight overlapping timelines for major magmatic and tectono-metamorphic events. This synchronization suggests these orogenies were interconnected, driven by the simultaneous subduction of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans during much of their evolution. However, reconstructing this complex orogenic collage remains difficult because subsequent tectonic and thermal events have overprinted primary structures, obscuring vital geochronological, structural, and geochemical data. Consequently, understanding the continuity between distinct terranes and oceanic sutures remains a major challenge. To address these questions, we invite contributions that advance our understanding of these large-scale geodynamic processes. We highly encourage multidisciplinary regional studies, detailed petrological and geochronological research, and integrative lithospheric- to mantle-scale models.

Art makes use of materials of geological origin: stones, pigments, mortars, metals, etc.; geology, in turn, has been depicted in various ways in art throughout art history; geosciences present their observations and discoveries in a visual form that can be regarded as an artistic expression. The entanglements of art and natural sciences are multiple, bidirectional, and have given rise to hybrid fields of research: Technical Art History, considering the materiality of artworks; archaeometry exploiting the intrinsic information contained in the artistic matter to trace back its origin and fates; Eco-critical art history, which draws on the environmental dimension of works of art – such as historical landscape painting – to critically explore the history of the environment and its changes.
In this session, we aim for a rich and diverse transdisciplinary dialogue of colleagues with multiple backgrounds and thus welcome a broad range of contributions in fields such as:
- Geosciences in artistic representation, e.g. as sources to study environmental changes, as indicators of the evolution of symbolic and scientific perception of geological objects and phenomena, natural hazards, etc.
- Artwork materials and their transformations over time as physical/chemical repositories or archives of environmental history, including air, water and soil pollution (e.g. stone degradation in urban areas)
- Geomaterials (stone, pigments, metals, precious stones) used in works of art (sculptures, metal objects, paintings, jewellery, etc.) and their intrinsic properties as an indicator of provenance or as a criterion of authenticity; the conservation issues specific to these materials.
- Artistic production and networks in geological landscapes with indigenous/local artistic use of geomaterials, artist migration to geo-resource-rich regions, transport of geomaterials to artistic centres, artistic geomaterials as indicators of power and prestige…