Monitoring and modeling of vegetation and ecosystem dynamics is fundamental in diagnosing and forecasting Earth system states and feedbacks. However, the underlying ecosystem processes are still relatively poorly described by Earth system models. Confronting terrestrial biogeochemical models at multiple temporal and spatial scales with an ever-increasing amount and diversity of Earth observation data is therefore needed.

To this end, the rapidly growing amount of satellite data has fostered the development of novel global Earth observation products of vegetation and ecosystem properties (such as new high-resolution products, multi-sensor climate data records, sun-induced fluorescence SIF, microwave vegetation optical depth VOD, biomass, spectral plant traits, fuel moisture content), which complement more traditional products like NDVI, LAI or fAPAR. In this session, we present the most recent advances in:

(1) the production of global land surface biophysical and biochemical variables from satellite observations;

(2) assessment of plausibility, validation and inter-comparisons of these products;

(3) their use in the development of data-driven models to estimate and analyze ecosystem processes;

(4) their use in studying global ecosystem dynamics related to climate variability and change;

(5) benchmarking and improvement of global vegetation models through statistical analysis and model-data integration techniques.


The latter may consider methodological foci or include applications related to the monitoring and modeling of terrestrial vegetation and ecosystem dynamics for timescales from days to decades, also including multiple data streams.

The Amazon basin hosts the world’s largest intact forest landscape. Due to its large biodiversity, carbon storage capacity, and role in the hydrological cycle, it is an extraordinary interdisciplinary natural laboratory of global significance. In the Amazon rain forest biome, it is possible to study atmospheric composition and processes, biogeochemical cycling and energy fluxes at the geo-, bio-, atmosphere interface under near-pristine conditions for a part of the year, and under anthropogenic disturbance of varying intensity the rest of the year. Understanding its current functioning at process up to biome level in its pristine and degraded state is elemental for predicting its response upon changing climate and land use, and the impact this will have on local up to global scale.
This session aims at bringing together scientists who investigate the functioning of the Amazon and comparable forest landscapes across spatial and temporal scales by means of remote and in-situ observational, modelling, and theoretical studies. Particularly welcome are presentations of novel, interdisciplinary approaches and techniques.

Land use and land cover change (LULCC), including land management, has the capacity to alter the climate by disrupting land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon, water and energy. Thus, there is a particular interest in understanding the role of LULCC as it relates to climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. Much attention has been devoted to the biogeochemical impacts of LULCC, yet there is an increasing awareness that the biogeophysical mechanisms (e.g. changes in surface properties such as albedo, roughness and evapotranspiration) should also be considered in climate change assessments of LULCC impacts on weather and climate. However, characterizing biogeophysical land-climate interactions remains challenging due to their complexity. If a cooling or a warming signal emerges depends on which of the biogeophysical processes dominates and on the size and pattern of the LULCC perturbation. Recent advances exploiting Earth system modelling and Earth observation tools are opening new possibilities to better describe LULCC and its effects at multiple temporal and spatial scales. This session invites studies that improve our general understanding of climate perturbations connected to LULCC from both biogeophysical and biogeochemical standpoints, and particularly those focusing on their intersection. This includes studies focusing on LULCC that can inform land-based climate mitigation and adaptation policies. Both observation-based and model-based analyses at local to global scales are welcome.

Land degradation induce the degradation of soil, biota and water resources and a deep economic impact is generated with the loss of ecosystems services. This session welcome research on how to quantify the impact on land degradation on the economy of different regions of the world. And, on the other hand, we welcome research that assess the impact of the economic development on soil degradation. Models, experiments, measurements and State-of-the-Art researches are very welcome

The aim would be considering of viruses and other before-cell organisms as needful part of life on Earth missing pseudo scientific and political ideas basing on fundamental biology and ecology. Viruses hav a big role in global function of biosphere and we have to understant such a role. Sesision would help to coordinate efforts in understanding of interaction between high organisms and viruses.

Phosphorus (P) is essential to life, and as a key limiting nutrient, regulates productivity in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Strong geochemical interactions between P and other elements control the mobility and bioavailability of P in the environment, necessitating a coupled understanding of element cycles influencing P. At the same time P provides perhaps the most topical example of a critical resource element whose use is currently inefficiently managed. Leakage of mined P into the environment through a variety of processes (e.g. excess chemical fertiliser usage, or effluent discharges) is responsible for eutrophication and the acceleration of natural P cycling in terrestrial and aquatic systems. This puts P at the forefront of environmental and societal concerns and demands that our biogeochemical knowledge of P cycling ought to be developed through interdisciplinary research. This session aims to explore biogeochemical P cycling in the context of benefitting ‘systems understanding’ spanning terrestrial and aquatic compartments.

Topics included will explore:
Links between P and wider element cycles, for example with other macro- and micro- nutrients and controls of P availability through geochemical parameters such as Fe;
P cycling studies that bring into focus the interplay of biotic and abiotic controls within, and between, environmental compartments;
Drivers of change (climate, management, societal) acting on the coupling of P with other element cycles.
Processes, modelling and management against a background of the key issues for: P release from soil to plants; P release from soil to water; long term P supplies and the global P cycle.
Sustainable use of P, recovering of P from natural and waste water, managing P fluxes in agricultural areas.

Extreme climate and weather events, associated disasters and emergent risks are becoming increasingly critical in the context of global environmental change and interact with other stressors. They are a potential major threat to reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and one of the most pressing challenges for future human well-being.
This session explores the linkages between extreme climate and weather events, associated disasters, societal dynamics and resilience.
Emphasis is laid on 1) Which impacts are caused by extreme climate events (including risks emerging from compound events) and cascades of impacts on various aspects of ecosystems and societies? 2) Which feedbacks across ecosystems, infrastructures and societies exist? 3) What are key obstacles towards societal resilience and reaching the SDGs, while facing climate extremes? 4) What can we learn from past experiences? 5) What local to global governance arrangements best support equitable and sustainable risk reduction?
We welcome empirical, theoretical and modelling studies from local to global scale from the fields of natural sciences, social sciences, humanities and related disciplines.

Climate change is causing abrupt changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) cycles, either by altering biogenic fluxes, or changes in anthropogenic emissions as witnessed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, we need to integrate all feedbacks taking place between the climate system and the GHG cycles. While the Covid-19 shutdown led to 17% reduction in daily global CO2 emissions, large forest-fires erupted across the Americas, Australia and the Arctic circle in 2019 and 2020, releasing greenhouse gases and destroyed forests which take up CO2. Global warming leads to early, long summers causing droughts and forests fires. 2018 was one of the driest summers in Europe, resulting in forest carbon sinks decreasing or even turning forests into sources in some cases. Anomalously high solar radiation also led to extreme algal blooms in the Baltic Sea. Thus the feedbacks between the climate system and GHG cycles are multi-dimensional and complex, and need inter-disciplinary research.
For this session, we invite abstracts from observational and modeling studies examining and integrating extreme changes in GHGs (biogenic and/or anthropogenic) and their feedbacks to the climate system. For example (but not limited to):
1. Aftermath of COVID-19 lockdown, emerging into the new normal.
2. Effect of forest fires in 2019 and 2020 on regional to global scale.
3. Warm and wet winter of 2019/2020 and its impact on terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
4. Dry and hot European summers and subsequent droughts since 2018.  

A grand challenge facing society in the coming decades is to feed the growing human population in a sustainable and healthy manner. This challenge is central to many of the United Nations Sustainable Development goals (SDGs), including the zero hunger goal but also those for human health, water, terrestrial biodiversity and sustainable production and consumption.
This problem is made more complex by an increasingly globalised food system and its interactions with a changing climate. Agri-food system actors - including policy makers, corporations, farmers, and consumers - must meet this challenge while considering potentially conflicting priorities, such as environmental sustainability (e.g., minimising disturbance to ecosystems via greenhouse gas emissions and the use of water, land, fertilisers and other inputs), economic viability (e.g., revenues for food producers and guaranteed access for consumers), nutritional balance and quality (e.g., addressing overconsumption and undernourishment), and resilience to climate change.
This growing complexity of agri-food systems, which can involve global supply chains and difficult environmental and societal tradeoffs, needs to be better understood.
The type of product (e.g. plant or meat based, fresh or processed), as well as the location and method of production, can play an important role in improving the nutritional quality and environmental sustainability of global food production, to enable healthy and sustainable diets. Quantifying and assessing these multiple outcomes while accounting for the linkages, interconnections, and scales of local and global supply chains will be essential for informing decisions aimed at developing sustainable and resilient agri-food systems.
This session welcomes submissions that quantify and assess a range of outcomes from agri-food systems across multiple spatial and temporal scales, and the trade-offs or synergies between them. The session will include studies providing improved methods for quantifying multiple environmental, economic or social dimensions, studies that incorporate the role of food trade into solution-development, and studies that seek to achieve multiple sustainability goals together.

The Earth’s subsurface hosts enormous methane volumes either trapped in the shallow sediments, gas hydrates and permafrost, or naturally escaping the sediment through methane seepage to enter the hydrosphere/atmosphere. Such environments are highly sensitive to climate change. Despite an increasing awareness about the positive feedback between global warming and methane seepage, the response of these complex and dynamic systems to climate change is still unclear due to complex geo/hydro/atmosphere interactions.
Fossil cold seeps, long-term observatory studies and modern examples form the foundations to understand the mutual dependences between climate and seepage, and to develop robust models to forecast future scenarios at the Earth-system scale. For this session, we welcome geologists, geophysicists, geochemists, biologists, model developers, and any others who have contributed to new case studies in modern and fossil hydrocarbon seeps in the marine and terrestrial environment, gas hydrate and permafrost settings, to describe both new methods/technologies and the scientific outcomes.

Using a wide range of sensors and platforms, remote sensing allows examining and gathering information about an object or a place from a distance. A key development in remote sensing has been the increased availability of data with very high-temporal, spatial and spectral resolution. In the last decades, several types of remote sensing data, including optical, radar, LiDAR from terrestrial, UAV, aerial and satellite platform, have been used to detect, classify, evaluate and measure the Earth surface, including different vegetation covers and forest structure. For the forest sector, such information allow efficient monitoring of changes over time and space, in support of sustainable forest management, forest and carbon inventory or for monitoring forest health and their disturbances. Remote Sensing data can provide both qualitatively and quantitatively information about forest ecosystems. In a qualitative analysis forest cover types and species composition can be classified, whereas the quantitative analysis can measure and estimate different forest structure parameters related to single trees (e.g. DBH, height, basal area, timber volume, etc.) and to the whole stand (e.g. number of trees per unite area, distribution, etc.). However, to meet the various information requirements, different data sources should be adopted according to the application, the level of detail required and the extension of the area under study. The integration of in-situ measurements with satellite/airborne/UAV imagery, Structure from Motion, LiDAR and geo-information systems offer new possibilities, especially for interpretation, mapping and measuring of forest parameters and will be a challenge for future research and application. This session explores the potentials and limitations of various remote sensing applications in forestry, with the focus on the identification and integration of different methodologies and techniques from different sensors and in-situ data for providing qualitative and quantities forest information.

Fire is an essential Earth system process that is rapidly changing in response to climate and human land use changes. Climate, vegetation and human activity regulate fire occurrence and spread, but fires also feedback to them in multiple ways. This session welcomes contributions on all aspects of linkages between fire, vegetation, climate, and humans to share recent advances and foster interdisciplinary discussions. We encourage all abstracts that explore the role of fire in the Earth system at any temporal and spatial scale using modeling, field and laboratory observations, and/or remote sensing, with an emphasis on studies that advance our understanding on interactions between fire and (1) weather, climate, and atmospheric chemistry, (2) biogeochemical cycles, land water and energy budgets, and vegetation composition and structure, and (3) human land management (e.g. impact of fire on air and water quality, deforestation, human health, and economy). We also welcome contributions focusing on fire characterization, including (4) fire behavior and emissions (e.g. fire duration, intensity, emission factors, emission height, smoke transport), (5) spatial and temporal changes of fires in the past, present, and future, (6) fire products and models, and their validation and error/bias assessment, and (7) analytical tools designed to enhance situational awareness among fire practitioners and early warning systems.

Terrestrial ecosystems are being exposed to warming and to more frequent and intense drought and rainfall events as a result of climate change. Such changes can have strong implications for biogeochemical cycling and the functioning of soils. Understanding the mechanisms that control the responses to environmental stress is critical for improving predictions on the resistance and resilience of terrestrial ecosystems on a changing world.

The aim of this session is to bridge the knowledge of different disciplines to elucidate the processes and feedbacks underpinning the biogeochemical response to climate change, with emphasis on warming, drought, and drying-rewetting events. This session will give a broad overview of empirical and modelling studies across different scales, considering how climate change affects terrestrial biogeochemistry and the interactions between soil microorganisms, plants and fauna. We will focus on the resilience and the associated recovery dynamics of soil biota to environmental disturbances, as well as on their resistance or adaptation mechanisms to climate change. We will bring together researchers from different environments and create a discussion platform to review the current state-of-the-art, identify knowledge gaps, share ideas, and tackle new challenges in the field.

Soil biota provides services that are beneficial to the productivity and sustainability of land use systems. This session aims to discuss how land use systems affect soil biodiversity and how soil biodiversity (i.e. the performance of functional groups) feeds back to soil functions and ecosystem services. Knowledge is mounting that a sustainable intensification of land use needs to include the conservation of processes and functions run by soil biota that are essential for self-preservation considering services provided by soil biota including soil biodiversity. The joined European agricultural policy including soil and biodiversity conservation is asking for surveys throughout Europe. The strong progress in developing methods for biodiversity determination in soil and the quantification of biota specific impacts should be mirrored by the contributions. Moreover, transversal interactions with socio-economical sciences should lead to the development of tools to assess soil management as a socio-ecological issue.
This session will focus on the role of soil biology in delivering soil functions in systems formed by a human, e.g. agricultural, forests or restored sites and the synergies and trade-offs that occur within the bundle of soil functions, crossing several spatial and temporal scales. Additionally we welcome contributions aiming at promotion of soil managing practices that aim to optimize the multi-functionality of soils.

Ecosystem responses to climate change depend on both long-term and dynamic feedbacks occurring between soils, plants and microbial communities. Soil resources and microbial nutrient mineralization mediate vegetation growth. In turn, plants control soil properties through the production of organic residues which are decomposed in the soil, the supply of photosynthates to the rhizosphere, as well as the association with belowground communities. The interactive effects of these responses in the context of changing environmental conditions have a key influence on soil biogeochemistry and the belowground storage of carbon. In this session we invite contributions from manipulative field experiments, observations in natural-climate gradients, and modelling studies that explore the impact of climate change on plant-growth dynamics, microbial diversity and metabolism, as well as soil biogeochemical cycling. Submissions that adopt novel approaches (e.g. molecular, isotopic) or synthesize large-scale outputs focusing on plant-soil-microbe feedbacks to warmer temperatures or water limitation are also highly welcome.

Vegetation, soils and water resources have interacted and co-evolved over Millions of years, shaping our current ecohydrological systems. Vegetation still responds rapidly to changing environmental conditions, including rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, climate change, soil degradation and hydrologic modifications. Prediction of these co-evolutionary and adaptive processes is a major scientific challenge, as it requires understanding of the general underlying principles and constraints governing plant-environment interactions.

This session aims to bring together collected knowledge about organising principles guiding co-evolutionary processes in biology, hydrology and physics, including theoretical, modelling, observational and experimental studies. We solicit contributions to all aspects of our quantitative understanding of principles such as natural selection, relevant thermodynamic principles (e.g. MaxEnt, maximum power, maximum entropy production) or biological optimality and the associated cost-benefit trade-offs.

Wide-spread permafrost thaw is expected to amplify the release of previously frozen material from terrestrial into aquatic systems: rivers, lakes, groundwater and oceans. Current projections include changes in precipitation patterns, active layer drainage and leaching, increased thermokarst lake formation, as well as increased coastal and river bank erosion that are further enhanced by rising water temperatures, river discharge and wave action. In addition, subsea permafrost that formed under terrestrial conditions but was later inundated might be rapidly thawing on Arctic Ocean shelves. These processes are expected to substantially alter the biogeochemical cycling of carbon but also of other elements in the permafrost area.

This session invites contributions on the mobilization of terrestrial matter to aquatic systems in the permafrost domain, as well as its transport, degradation and potential interaction with autochthonous, aquatic matter. We encourage submissions focusing on organic and inorganic carbon as well as on other elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, iron, mercury and others, from all parts of the global permafrost area including mountain, inland, coastal and subsea permafrost, on all spatial scales, in the contemporary system but also in the past and future, based on field, laboratory and modelling work.

Anthropogenic disturbance of the global nitrogen (N) cycle has more than doubled the amount of reactive N circulating in the terrestrial biosphere alone. Exchange of reactive/non-reactive nitrogen gases between land and atmosphere are strongly affecting Earth’s atmospheric composition, air quality, global warming, climate change and human health. This session seeks to improve our understanding of a) how intensification of reactive N use, land management and climate change affects the pools and fluxes of nitrogen in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, b) and how reactive N enrichment of land and water will affect the future carbon sink of natural ecosystems as well as atmospheric exchanges of reactive (NO, N2O, NH3, HONO, NO2 and non-reactive N (N2) gases with implications for global warming, climate change and air quality. We welcome contributions covering a wide range of experimental and modelling studies, which covers microbes-mediated and physico-chemical transformations and transport of nitrogen across the land-water-air continuum in natural ecosystems from local to regional and global scales. Furthermore, the interactions of nitrogen with other elemental cycles (e.g. phosphorus, carbon) and the impacts of these interactive feedbacks for soil health, biodiversity and water and air quality will be explored in this session. Latest developments in methodological innovations and observational and experimental approaches for unraveling the complexities of nitrogen transformations and transport will also be of interest.

Tropical ecosystems play an important role for the regional and global climate system through the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG), water and energy and provide important ecosystems services that we as humans depend on, such as wood, food, and biodiversity. Historic and recent human activities have, however, resulted in intensive transformation of tropical ecosystems impacting the cycling of nutrient, carbon, water, and energy.
Here we invite contributions that provide insights on how land-use and land-use changes influence biogeochemical cycles and ecohydrology in tropical ecosystems from plot to continental scale. Examples include nitrogen and carbon cycle in the soil and vegetation, the exchange of GHG between soil and atmosphere as well as ecosystem and atmosphere, changes in the energy balance, impacts on the water cycle, scaling issues from plots to country to continent as well as the influence of management activities (e.g. fertilization, drainage, etc. ) on GHG fluxes. Experimental studies using flux measurements, eddy covariance, stable isotopes, inventories, etc. as well as remote sensing or modelling studies are welcomed.

The critical zone comprises the Earth's permeable near-surface layer from the top of the canopy to the bottom of the groundwater. It is the zone where hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere and geosphere interact with the biosphere. This fragile skin of our planet, which supports the life and survival of humans maintaining food production and drinking water quality, is endangered by threats such as climate change and land use change.
New approaches and innovative modeling strategies are needed to understand these complex interactions between hydrological, biogeochemical cycles and human resilience processes that may govern critical zone system dynamics, including sources, dynamics and chemistry of water, models to quantify external influences like human activities or erosion, weathering rate, water transfer in the frame of global change and biolological feedback mechanisms.

This session focuses on the advancing proxies that may address pressing interdisciplinary scientific questions in coupling various disciplines like hydrology, soil science and biogeochemistry that cover single-site investigations, targeted experiments, remote sensing studies, large data compilations and modelling. This will be illustrated in this session through studies regarding the critical zone as a whole or within its different compartments, including the different environmental processes (geological, physical, chemical, and biological), their couplings and reactive transport modeling, and exploring the cities resilience.

The storage, cycling and availability of Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C) and Phosphorus (P) in soils are widely researched topics; however, less investigation has been carried out regarding the coupling and interaction of the C-N-P cycles. This is especially relevant as the quantity and quality of these three elements and their proportions and interactions control fundamental soil functions such as soil fertility and microbial activity, which have profound impacts on key ecosystem services such as primary productivity, carbon capture or biodiversity.

In this session, we call for submissions on a wide range of topics covering C, N, and P cycles in soils, but with a special focus on studies assessing their interactions. Our aim is to cover also a wide range of spatial scales, from microbial stoichiometry to ecosystem functioning, as well as a range of methodologies, from the microscale process understanding at laboratory scale up to field-based and modelling approaches. Studies in all types of soil and ecosystems, from natural forest to agricultural or urban soils, are welcome.

Under the current scenario of global warming, extreme fire events are becoming more frequent and destructive in many regions around the world. In addition to the high socioeconomic impact, extreme wildfire events can also have profound environmental impacts on soil, water and ecology.

Wildfires induce physical and chemical alterations on soil properties, affecting both the quantity and composition of soil organic matter (SOM). The type and magnitude of those changes are related to fire conditions (e.g. intensity, duration) and environmental factors (e.g. soil characteristics, climatic conditions and vegetation), Moreover, changes in the composition and properties of SOM will modify the soil physical properties (e.g. texture, structure, and moisture) negatively affecting the capacity of the soil to perform its ecological functions. Consequently, the study of SOM is crucial for assessing the environmental impact of wildfires and for generating predictive tools that can be useful for post-fire restoration actions. Nonetheless, due to the chemical complexity and diversity of SOM, further knowledge on the changes and reaction mechanisms promoted by fire is mandatory. To achieve this, a wide range of methodological approaches, both emerging and well-stablished are available.

This interdisciplinary and integrative session will try to bring together studies on the alterations, impacts and cause-effect relationships induced by fire on SOM, as well as on describing recent advances on analytical techniques in the field. Submission of studies conducted by cutting-edge analytical methodologies (including chromatography, spectroscopy, isotope, thermogravimetry, among others) and chemometrics, such as, predictive models and data mining are particularly encouraged.

Meet editors of internationally renowned journals in biogeosciences and soil system science and gain exclusive insights into the publishing process. After a short introduction into some basics, we will start exploring various facets of academic publishing with short talks given by the editors on - What are the duties and roles of editors, authors and reviewers? - How to choose a suitable journal for your manuscript and what is important for early career authors? - How can early career scientists get involved in successful peer-reviewing? - What is important for appropriate peer-reviewing? - What are ethical aspects and responsibilities of publishing? - Together with the audience and the editors, we will have an open discussion of all steps and factors shaping the publication process of a manuscript. This short course aims to provide early career scientists across several EGU divisions (e.g. BG, SSS, NH and GM) the opportunity of using first hand answers of experienced editors of international journals to successfully publish their manuscripts and get aware of the potentials and pitfalls in academic publishing.

In recent years, weather index insurance and other anticipatory financial instruments have become important tools that can allow the world’s 2.5 billion smallholder farmers to better manage climate risk, enabling investment and sustainable growth in the agricultural sector. Historical and near real-time data are necessary to design, calibrate and validate insurance indices or to develop risk models. Furthermore, these data help to understand when insurance payouts are triggered, and when compensation should be paid. However, key challenges in the scaling of these financial instruments include limited data availability, data quality and accessibility of affected regions on-ground. In addition, the distribution of weather stations, which are often central for the validation of satellite-derived products, is both insufficient and uneven in many regions of the world.

Earth observation can help to overcome these shortcomings. Increasing data quality, but also spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions of freely available remote sensing data (e.g. the Copernicus Sentinel missions) offer an invaluable opportunity for developing advanced risk financing products. However, there are still many technical and perception-related uncertainties with regard to the consideration and added-value of satellite-derived information. Some guiding questions are: Which variable performs best with regard to minimizing basis risk? How is performance measured in the face of limited socioeconomic impact and loss data? When and where does it make sense to combine variables from different sources of information? How do climate trends affect payout structures? How can quantitative and qualitative (expert assessments) payout triggers be combined? What are the most urgent needs for technical capacity building?

This session aims to 1) illustrate the latest advances in remote sensing science related to climate risk financing; and 2) to discuss how remote sensing solutions can be mainstreamed into advanced financial instruments in low-income countries. The topic is of interest to a growing international community of researchers, development agencies, and private industry partners concerned with the application of financial instruments to address hazards, such as floods, droughts, tropical cyclones or wildfires. Also, climate-related hazards, such as Malaria or locust infestations, will be considered.

By 2030, the Agenda for Sustainable Development – the 17 ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ – are intended to be achieved. The role of soil science, and the work between soil scientists and other disciplines, will be paramount over the coming decade. In particular, healthy and sustainable soil management plans will need to ensure that soils continue to deliver services to ecosystems, societies, and economies. Global climate change and the burgeoning demands from a growing world population are set to place escalating pressures on soils, suggesting an urgent need to build resilience into soil management whilst also reversing current global trends of soil degradation. In this session, we aim to develop an evidence-based and solution-focused agenda for achieving healthy, sustainable, and resilient soil systems by 2030. We particularly welcome submissions that either (a) highlight the advancements made over the past decade (2010-2020) in enhancing soil health, sustainability and/or resilience; (b) suggest further ways of fostering greater health, sustainability and/or resilience in soil systems over the decade to come; or (c) consider how research agendas can be better integrated in order to sustain and enhance the delivery of multiple soil-derived ecosystem services. Abstracts that make explicit links to the UN Sustainable Development Goals are encouraged, as well as those that demonstrate the importance of cross-disciplinary work between soil scientists and other divisions of geoscience. We strongly encourage abstract submissions from Early Career Scientists, particularly those that have not previously attended the EGU, to whom we can offer abstract support and guidance.

The proposed session aims to bring together experiences on systematic literature searches and meta-analysis from neighboring disciplines in earth sciences (soil science, agricultural science, hydrology, among others). We aim to attract goescientists from different domains that through their lectures and posters can provide inspiring inputs to discuss the current state-of-the-art in extensive literature searching, the use of systematic mapping design, systematic review, and meta-analysis.
Through this session we would like to discuss the application of quantitative methodological approaches for retrieving general outcomes from previous studies, including use of grey literature, reports from national and international Governmental institutions, and non-governmental organizations (e.g. United Nation, NGOs). Contributions discussing problems and innovations in evidence synthesis, experiences of the application of these methods in geosciences and their societal impacts will be welcome.
Concerning contributions, that types of topics that would be particularly appreciated are: advanced workflows for literature searching, systematic maps, systematic reviews, meta analyses and intermediate results of any geoscientific issue. Systematic evidence synthesis that aimed at understanding the impact of environmental processes, conservation and management strategies as well as the effect of climate change. Contributions coming from early career scientists are very welcome.

The present context of accelerated changes in both climate and land use imposes an unprecedent pressure on a number of vulnerable ecosystems including wetlands, forests and rangelands, in which vegetation closely interacts and coevolves with soils and landforms. Complex interactions between climate, soils and biotic factors are involved in the development of landform-soil-vegetation feedbacks and play an important role in making ecosystems resilient to disturbances. In addition, large shifts in the distribution of vegetation and soils are associated with losses of ecosystem services (including carbon capture), frequently involving thresholds of ecosystem stability and nonlinear responses to both human and climatic pressures. This session will focus on ecogeomorphological and ecohydrological aspects of landscapes (including their connectivity), conservation of soil resources, and the restoration of ecosystem services and functions. We welcome theoretical, modelling, and empirical studies addressing the distribution of vegetation and coevolving soils and landforms, and particularly, contributions with a wide appreciation of the soil erosion-vegetation relationships that rule the formation of landscape-level spatial organization. We also welcome studies describing the implications of these spatial patterns of soils and vegetation for the resilience and stability of ecosystems under the pressure of climate change and/or human disturbances.

Soils are dynamic, self-organising systems that interact with environments and ecosystems through multiple and complex processes. These processes span a range of temporal scales, from minutes to hours (e.g. microbial hotspots), days to weeks (e.g. biomass synthesis), months to seasons (e.g. organic inputs), years to decades (e.g. compaction), and centuries to millennia (e.g. weathering and soil formation). Moreover, many interactions between soils and ecosystems arise from mechanisms occurring simultaneously over multiple timescales. For example, understanding the dynamics of suspended sediment in watercourses requires a consideration of storm-induced runoff processes that take place over minutes to hours, seasonal erosion processes occurring over weeks and months, and climate-forced trends in soil loss over years and decades. Examining soils through these many temporal lenses is critical given that the challenges placed on environments and ecosystems also transcend multiple timescales.

In this session, we aim to showcase recent research exploring the multitemporal nature of soil systems, in order to enrich our understanding of the soil-ecosystem-environment nexus. We welcome (a) studies that consider how soils interact with environments and ecosystems over multiple (short, medium, long) timescales; (b) studies that focus on simultaneous soil processes; or (c) studies that focus on the implications of upscaling and downscaling soils data. Across these themes, we seek submissions deploying one, or a combination of, empirical, modelling, or meta-analytical approaches. Early career researchers are strongly encouraged to apply.

Viticulture is one of the most important agricultural sectors of Europe with an average annual production of 168 million hectoliters (54% of global consumption). The concept of “Terroir” links the quality and typicity of wine to the territory, and, in particular, to specific environmental characteristics that affect the plant response (e.g. climate, geology, pedology). The environmental factors that drive the terroir effect vary in space and time, as well as soil and crop management.
Understanding the spatial variability of some environmental factors (e.g. soil) is very important to manage and preserve terroirs and face the current and future issue of climate change. In this sense, it is important to stress that in the last decade, the study of terroir has shifted from a largely descriptive regional science to a more applied, technical research field, including: sensors for mapping and monitoring environmental variables, remote sensing and drones for crop monitoring, forecast models, use of microelements and isotopes for wine traceability, metagenome approach to study the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients.
Moreover, public awareness for ecosystem functioning has led to more quantitative approaches in evidencing the relations between management and the ecosystem services of vineyard agroecosystems. Agroecology approaches in vineyard, like the use of cover crops, straw mulching, and organic amendments, are developing to improve biodiversity, organic matter, soil water and nutrient retention, preservation from soil erosion.
On those bases, the session will address the several aspects of viticultural terroirs:
1) quantifying and spatial modelling of terroir components that influence plant growth, fruit composition and quality, mostly examining climate-soil-water relationships; 2) terroir concept resilience to climate change; 3) wine traceability and zoning based on microelements and isotopes; 4) interaction between vineyard management practices and effects on soil and water quality as well as biodiversity and related ecosystem services.

This session will focus on the emerging discipline of Conservation Paleobiology that uses the data from the fossil record and sedimentary archives to inform biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Even though humans have altered ecosystems for millennia, direct ecological observations rarely encompass more than the last few decades. At the same time, the accelerating pace of global climate change requires better understanding of the long-term resilience and adaptive capacities of ecosystems facing multiple stressors. The youngest fossil record can offer high-resolution insights into ecosystem change on timescales well beyond the limits of ecological monitoring, enabling the reconstruction of ecological baselines and natural range of variability. Additionally, the pre-Quaternary geologic record provides a series of natural experiments allowing assessment of biotic responses to major environmental perturbations, strengthening the theoretical foundations of conservation science.

We invite presentations offering both the near-time and deep-time perspective on ecological and evolutionary processes operating during times of rapid environmental changes, ranging from the Anthropocene biodiversity crisis to Phanerozoic mass extinction events. We also welcome contributions highlighting potential biases affecting the fossil record by linking stratigraphic, taphonomic and ecological patterns. We hope to stimulate discussion on novel opportunities and limitations of using different types of geohistorical data to address some of the most urgent questions in Conservation Biology.

Minerals are formed in great diversity under Earth surface conditions, as skeletons, microbialites, speleothems, or authigenic cements, and they preserve a wealth of geochemical, biological, mineralogical, and isotopic information, providing valuable archives of past environmental conditions. Interpreting these archives requires fundamental understanding of mineral formation processes, but also insights from the geological record.

In this session we welcome oral and poster presentations from a wide range of research of topics, including process-oriented studies in modern systems, the ancient rock record, experiments, computer simulations, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. We intend to reach a wide community of researchers sharing the common goal of improving our understanding of the fundamental processes underlying mineral formation, which is essential to read our Earth’s geological archive.

Data assimilation integrates observational information into Earth system models or compartment models of the Earth system. Simulating different compartments in a coupled model includes the simulation of exchanges between different compartments: between the ocean and atmosphere, the atmosphere and the land surface, and the ocean and marine ecosystems. This coupling allows data assimilation in a single compartment to also influence other components. Cross-compartment or strongly-coupled assimilation accomplishes these by exploiting correlations between different compartments to jointly update coupled compartments. Here, particular challenges are small magnitudes of inter-compartment correlations and the disparity in the time scales between different compartments of the Earth system. From the algorithmic viewpoint, the estimation of cross-correlations by either ensembles of limited size or in parameterized form, and the nonlinearity of the dynamics pose significant challenges.
Contributions are invited on data assimilation into coupled models of Earth System components, weakly and strongly coupled data assimilation - methodology and applications, as well as computational aspects of data assimilation into Earth system models. We are further interested into contributions about the value of observations for cross-compartmental data assimilation (like observations at the interface of compartments with strong correlations to other Earth system components). The applications of interest include, but are not limited to, the solid Earth, hydrology, ocean, atmosphere, glaciology, biogeochemistry and ecosystems, and also geodesy.

Earth’s oceans and atmosphere have been subject to numerous variations in oxygen levels throughout their history, including long-term trends towards a more oxygenated environment such as the Great Oxidation Event, and abrupt short-term deoxygenation events during environmental crises associated with Phanerozoic mass extinctions and oceanic anoxic events. Over the past decades, increasingly reducing conditions resulting from anthropogenic activities have also been reported in modern aquatic environments. This session will explore these changes in oxygen levels at the Earth’s surface, and their importance for life on this planet, as evidenced by the sedimentary structures and geochemical compositions of rocks and sediments deposited in marine/lake environments (e.g., trace-fossil imprints and bioturbation, framboidal pyrites, traditional geochemical markers such as redox-sensitive metal concentrations, stable sulphur isotopes, and novel isotope systems such as chromium, molybdenum, uranium etc.). We welcome contributions on the causes and biospheric impacts of oxygenation/deoxygenation events throughout Earth’s history, from the Precambrian to the modern day, and particularly encourage studies highlighting what can be learned from past events analogous to the anticipated 21st century climate changes.

Documenting the diversity of human responses and adaptations to climate, landscapes, ecosystems, natural disasters and the changing natural resources availability in different regions of our planet, cross-disciplinary studies in Geoarchaeology provide valuable opportunities to learn from the past. Furthermore, human activity became a major player of global climatic and environmental change in the course of the late Quaternary, during the Anthropocene. Consequently, we must better understand the archaeological records and landscapes in context of human culture and the hydroclimate-environment nexus at different spatial and temporal scales. This session seeks related interdisciplinary papers and specific geoarchaeological case-studies that deploy various approaches and tools to address the reconstruction of former human-environmental interactions from the Palaeolithic period through the modern. Topics related to records of the Anthropocene from Earth and archaeological science perspectives are welcome. Furthermore, contributions may include (but are not limited to) insights about how people have coped with environmental disasters or abrupt changes in the past; defining sustainability thresholds for farming or resource exploitation; distinguishing the baseline natural and human contributions to environmental changes. Ultimately, we would like to understand how strategies of human resilience and innovation can inform our modern strategies for addressing the challenges of the emerging Anthropocene, a time frame dominated by human modulation of surface geomorphological processes and hydroclimate.

One of the most challenging sustainable goals of the UN 2030 Agenda and other international agreements is that urban systems have to increase well-being and health. Indeed, these networked systems already host more than half of the world's population and are going to host most of its growth, while they have been mostly designed and managed with limited visions, in particular with respect to their geophysical environment.
This goal got an unforeseen acuity with the Covid-19 pandemic, starting with the confinement strategies that radically brought into question the functioning of these systems, e.g., drastically reducing mobility and breaking its ever increasing trend. Covid-19 was not without precursor (e.g., SARS, MERS) and will not be without successors.
Long term visions based on transdisciplinary scientific advances are therefore indispensable, particularly from the geoscience community. As a consequence, this session calls for contributions from data-driven and theory-driven approaches of urban health under global change. This includes:
- qualitative improvements of epidemic modelling, as trans-disciplinary and nonlinear as possible
- possible interplays between meteorological and/or climate drivers and epidemic/health issues
- novel monitoring capabilities (including contacts tracking), data access and assimilation techniques
- a fundamental revision of our urban systems, their greening as well as their mobility offer
- a particular focus on urban biodiversity, in particular to better manage virus vectors
- urban resilience must include resilience to epidemics, nd therefore requires revisions of urban governance.

: It is clear that in the coming decades, our ability to effectively address and provide critical information regarding some of the most pressing human-environment issues, such as water security, food security, public health, land preservation and management within existing social frameworks (i.e., gender, class, ethnicity/castes, employment and migration, etc.) that usually manifest at local and regional scales, will necessitate a paradigm shift in the ‘earth systems’ sciences, in which, the human society is viewed and understood as an active player of the ‘earth system’. This new paradigm shift can only be achieved via enhanced partnership between natural scientists and social scientists and most importantly, where field practitioners and environmental planners, who work with at-risk local communities, are able to both inform research directions and questions that are human needs focused as well as are able to communicate the results of the collaborative research back to the community in an effective manner.
In fostering such a ‘stake-holder’ focused, collaborative and ‘engaged research’ space, geoscientists, particularly those whose research focuses on environmental and climate records of the Anthropocene (and late Holocene), could play a key role by developing tools, methods, and most importantly, by providing relevant, high-resolution historical records of variations and changes in climate, environment and ecosystems at regional and local scales. Extensive data on local and regional environmental change can allow social scientists to understand environmental changes in the context of existing social norms, market mechanisms, agro-environmental policy and public attitudes. The co-development, conduct and outcome of such stake-holder focused research can also help fill the knowledge gap in vulnerable local communities, potentially making communities more resilient to climate and environmental change, especially in developing countries, where weak institutions and public distrust are major hindrances to effectiveness of public policy. To start building such a ‘stake-holder’ focused collaborative research space we propose this session, where we are inviting contributions from scientists and practitioners working at the interface of earth science and community engagement. We seek contributions from the paleo research community that is human needs focused and contribute towards improved understanding of community resilience to climate change.

The Earth is a highly complex system, formed by a large variety of interacting subsystems, such as the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere. Our capacity to understand the system depends on our capability to observe, analyze, and model these subsystems and their interactions. A holistic understanding is needed to deal with the rapid global change in, for instance, climate, biodiversity, food production, sustainability, and energy supply. Such holistic understanding is only possible if we study complex phenomena across the science fields, i.e. enable interdisciplinary research.
This session aims at discussing science cases, campaigns, or science demonstrators where several Earth system scientific disciplines were brought together to create new interdisciplinary insights.
We seek a breadth of contributions focusing on:
- the process from starting to think across boundaries to the actual implementation of the interdisciplinary science campaign,
- current conditions, opportunities and/or obstacles for realizing an interdisciplinary research,
- initiatives supporting the interdisciplinary research including concrete examples of their activities (technological, policies, funding schemes, etc.),
- Cases of successful interdisciplinary research collaborations showing results that were achieved by this collaboration.

Plastic contamination is a global concern. With increasing usage and disposal of plastics, waste management is often inefficient in processing the volumes of plastic discarded. A large proportion of plastic waste accumulates in the natural environment where clean-up is difficult, if not impossible. This results in the plastic contamination persisting in the environment for many years, having the potential to cause long-term ecological harm, ultimately affecting humans.

To mitigate plastic pollution and find solutions to reduce harmful effects, a better understanding of the sources and pathways of plastics in the environment is needed. This should inform social and industrial practices, as well as advise on regulatory changes to address plastic management. This will also promote developing a roadmap towards the development and safe usage of alternative materials, to reduce environmental and health implications. The approach aims at bringing together academics from a variety of research fields and citizen science initiatives along with stakeholders from civil society and industry, as well as regulators and policymakers. The task requires collaboration across disciplines, from environmental sciences, including biology and chemistry, geosciences, atmospheric sciences and oceanography, to materials science, social sciences and economics.

This session will address the linkages and cross-disciplinary collaborations required for effective progress in this field. We specifically invite presentations featuring successes and challenges in collaboration between academia, industry and regulators. Presentations on tracking plastics and on elucidating connecting mechanisms from human activities through to environmental abundance and impact are encouraged. Studies on biota-plastic interactions, plastic fluxes linked to human activities and environmental changes (from synoptic events to climate change) and studies linking plastic characteristics to toxicological impacts (chemistry, materials science and ecotoxicology) are welcomed.

This is a linked session co-organised and co-designed with a session at the annual meeting of SETAC Europe (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry), by connected convenor teams, to ensure full integration and input across disciplines. Outputs from the linked sessions will be disseminated widely across SETAC and EGU members through online resources, with a view to effective knowledge sharing and building collaborations.

Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are reframing discussion and policy responses worldwide to environmental challenges. Thus, NBS is of growing implementation, supported namely by the EU political agenda (e.g., green deal), as a way to attain the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and to reinforce the New Urban Agenda. The NBS concept builds on and complements other closely related concepts, such as the ecosystem approach, ecosystem services, ecosystem-based adaptation/mitigation, disaster risk reduction and, sponge cities, green/blue infrastructures. They all recognise the importance of nature and outline requirements for a systemic and holistic approach to environmental change, based on an understanding of the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and the social and institutional context within which they are situated. However, quantification of existing NBS’ effectiveness, their operationalisation and replication in different environmental settings has not been presented in such a way that allows them to be both widely accepted and incorporated in policy development and in practical implementation.

This session aims to discuss and advance knowledge of innovative nature-based approaches to face environmental challenges and simultaneously provide better understanding of associated social-ecological interactions, contributing to enhance the scientific basis for sustainable development and resilience. We seek contributions that provide novel conceptualisations, approaches, applications and evidence for understanding how NBS can contribute towards achieving UN SDG.

This session seeks to:
- Better understanding of advantages and disadvantages of NBS to address global environmental and societal challenges;
- New methods and tools to investigate the role of NBS in the context of environmental change; in particular, the effectiveness of NBS for hydro-meteorological risk reduction at landscape/watershed scale;
- New insights, methodologies, tools and best practices enabling successful implementation and upscaling of NBS in multiple contexts;
- Identifying opportunities for and barriers to NBS within current regulatory frameworks and management practices;
- Presenting overviews and case studies of NBS projects that also involve the private sector and market-based mechanisms;
- Interactions between NBS and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The study of deep-time (pre-Quatrenary) climate evolution is important not only for understanding Earth’s habitable history but also for providing insights to present and future changes of the Earth system. To investigate deep-time climate, several international modelling intercomparsion projects, for example DeepMIP, MioMIP, PlioMIP, have been initiated. All these MIPs pay attention to the Cenozoic climate. However, relatively fewer modelling studies simulate climate in deeper time before the Cenozoic. This session invites works on deep-time climate simulations and reconstructions over the tectonic time scales, including, but not limited to, idealized and comprehensive model simulations, geological, geochemical, and paleontological reconstructions. We wish this session could integrate our knowledge of deep-time climate and environment evolution in the spirit of an integrated Earth system.

At the 2015 Paris COP21 climate conference, 195 countries committed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and make efforts to significantly limit man-made global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. France and Germany joined forces in this fight against global warming by creating the “Make Our Planet Great Again” research initiative covering research in Earth system science that aims to better understand climate change and its impacts on natural and socio-economic systems. In this interdisciplinary session, we welcome data- and model-based research undertaken within, but also outside this international initiative. We welcome contributions that provide new insights into the mechanisms of past, present and future climate changes and the associated impacts on the oceans, the cryosphere, coastal regions, and terrestrial systems. Innovative research contributions that can lead towards the ultimate goals of the Paris Agreement ranging from basic research to solution-oriented research are also encouraged.

In 2015, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on climate recognised the deteriorating resilience of the Earth system, with planetary-scale human impacts constituting a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. Earth system resilience critically depends on the nonlinear interplay of positive and negative feedbacks of biophysical and increasingly also socio-economic processes. These include dynamics in the carbon cycle, large-scale ecosystems, atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere that can absorb geophysical shocks (e.g. volcanic eruptions), as well as the dynamics and perturbations associated with human activities.

Maintaining Earth in the Holocene-like interglacial state within which the world’s societies evolved over the past ~10,000 years will require industrialised societies to embark on rapid global-scale socio-economic transformations. In addition to incrementally increasing environmental hazards, there is a risk of crossing tipping points in the Earth system triggering partly irreversible and potentially cascading changes.

In this session we invite contributions on all topics relating to Earth resilience, such as assessing the biophysical and social determinants of the Earth’s long-term stability, negative feedback processes, modelling and data analysis and integration of nonlinearity, tipping points and abrupt shifts in the Earth system, and the potential for rapid social transformations to global sustainability.

Remaining carbon budgets specify the maximum amount of CO2 that may be emitted to stabilize warming at a particular level (such as the 1.5 °C target), and are thus of high interest to the public and policymakers. Yet, there are many sources of uncertainty which make it challenging to estimate the remaining carbon budget in real world conditions, especially for ambitious mitigation targets.

This session aims to further our understanding of the climate response under different emission scenarios, with particular interest in emission pathways towards net-zero targets, and to advance our knowledge of associated carbon budgets consistent with meeting various levels of warming. We invite contributions that use a variety of tools, including fully coupled Earth System Models, Integrated Assessment Models, or simple climate model emulators.

We welcome studies exploring different aspects of climate change in response to future emission scenarios, in addition to studies exploring carbon budgets and the TCRE framework, including: the governing mechanisms behind linearity of TCRE and its limitations, effects of different forcings and feedbacks (e.g. permafrost carbon feedback) and non-CO2 forcings (e.g. aerosols, and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases), estimates of the remaining carbon budget to reach a given temperature target (for example, the 1.5 °C warming level from the Paris Agreement), the role of pathway dependence and emission rate, the climate-carbon responses to different emission scenarios (e.g. SSP scenarios, idealized scenarios, or scenarios designed to reach net-zero emission level), and the behaviour of TCRE in response to artificial carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (i.e. CDR or negative emissions). Contributions from the fields of climate policy and economics focused on applications of carbon budgets and benefits of early mitigation are also encouraged.

The session gathers geoscientific aspects such as dynamics, reactions, and environmental/health consequences of radioactive materials that are massively released accidentally (e.g., Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents, wide fires, etc.) and by other human activities (e.g., nuclear tests).

The radioactive materials are known as polluting materials that are hazardous for human society, but are also ideal markers in understanding dynamics and physical/chemical/biological reactions chains in the environment. Thus, the radioactive contamination problem is multi-disciplinary. In fact, this topic involves regional and global transport and local reactions of radioactive materials through atmosphere, soil and water system, ocean, and organic and ecosystem, and its relation with human and non-human biota. The topic also involves hazard prediction and nowcast technology.

By combining 35 years (> halftime of Cesium 137) monitoring data after the Chernobyl Accident in 1986, 10 years dense measurement data by the most advanced instrumentation after the Fukushima Accident in 2011, and other events, we can improve our knowledgebase on the environmental behavior of radioactive materials and its environmental/biological impact. This should lead to improved monitoring systems in the future including emergency response systems, acute sampling/measurement methodology, and remediation schemes for any future nuclear accidents.

The following specific topics have traditionally been discussed:
(a) Atmospheric Science (emissions, transport, deposition, pollution);
(b) Hydrology (transport in surface and ground water system, soil-water interactions);
(c) Oceanology (transport, bio-system interaction);
(d) Soil System (transport, chemical interaction, transfer to organic system);
(e) Forestry;
(f) Natural Hazards (warning systems, health risk assessments, geophysical variability);
(g) Measurement Techniques (instrumentation, multipoint data measurements);
(h) Ecosystems (migration/decay of radionuclides).

The session consists of updated observations, new theoretical developments including simulations, and improved methods or tools which could improve observation and prediction capabilities during eventual future nuclear emergencies. New evaluations of existing tools, past nuclear contamination events and other data sets also welcome.

This session is open to all contributions in biogeochemistry and ecology where stable isotope techniques are used as analytical tools, with a focus on stable isotopes of light elements (C, H, O, N, S, ...). We welcome studies from both terrestrial and aquatic (including marine) environments as well as methodological and experimental, theoretical and modeling studies that introduce new approaches or techniques (including natural abundance work, labeling studies, multi-isotope approaches, clumped and metal isotopes).

Stable isotopes and other novel tracers, such as carbonyl sulfide (COS) and clumped isotopes, help to identify and quantify biological, chemical and physical processes that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric processes and biosphere-atmosphere exchange. Recent developments in analytical measurement techniques now offer the opportunity to investigate these tracers at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution and precision.

This session includes contributions from field and laboratory experiments, latest instrument developments as well as theoretical and modelling activities that investigate and use the isotope composition of light elements (C, H, O, N) and their compounds as well as other novel tracers for biogeochemical and atmospheric research.

Topics addressed in this session include:
- Stable isotopes in carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Novel tracers and biological analogues, such as COS
- Polyisotopocules ("clumped isotopes")
- Intramolecular stable isotope distributions ("isotopomer abundances")
- Analytical, method and modelling developments
- Flux measurements
- Quantification of isotope effects
- Non-mass dependent isotopic fractionation and related isotope anomalies

Stable isotopes are powerful tools for tracing fluxes of water and associated nutrients in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. They are increasingly used by various disciplines to better understand the functioning of the soil-plant-atmosphere system. While new methods allow measurements at high spatial and temporal resolution, studies applying tracer methods are now tackling complex interactions between soil processes, plant physiology and ecology, and variable atmospheric drivers. As such, methodological developments and changes are happening quickly and have a strong bearing on process understanding and interpretation of findings. This session aims to address the current state of the art for methods, applications, and process interpretations using stable isotopes in the critical zone and to foster interdisciplinary exchange. We welcome experimental and modeling studies that present methodological developments and applications of isotope tracers to improve the actual knowledge of the water and nutrient exchanges at the soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces. Studies that seek to cross disciplinary boundaries and reveal new eco-hydrological process understanding are especially welcome.

This multidisciplinary session invites contributions interested to obtain and preserve high quality of isotope data used in many scientific fields (biogeosciences, hydrology, climate reconstructions, atmospheric observations, environment, ecology, forensics). Number of studies using natural stable and radioisotopes - and the amount of data - is enormously increasing last years, and a high concern is attributed to the data quality and compatibility. Isotopic tools are becoming a common technique, but large datasets are still difficult to compare / combine as the data quality is often unknown or inconsistent due to: (i) different sampling and analytical protocols, (ii) deviations in calibration approaches, origin and quality of reference materials, (iii) improper sample manipulation and preparation; (iv) different methods of data corrections, normalizations and processing protocols, etc. All that may bring, and often do, to large unrecognised biases.
The problems and approaches in use are very similar, despite of different fields and isotope systems in use.

The session calls for papers focused on the detection of flaws with special attention to uncertainty estimation, creating protocols (SOPs) and tools for self-assessment of Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC), proper use of materials for normalization and exploring future trainings needs. This session is a plea for approaches and tools for high quality isotope data to be applied in many sciences and cross-disciplinary. High quality isotope data are required not only in contemporary studies, but also shall be preserved for the future, in order to better understand environmental and climatic changes.

Land degradation affects more than 52 billion hectares of land around the world. This is caused to a large extent by anthropogenic activities such as land abandonment, mining activities, deforestation, and inadequate land use and management. Disturbance or insufficient rebuilding of the soil physicochemical and biological characteristics can modify the ecosystem functions and services. In the absence of appropriate restoration, soils and ecosystems would remain in a disturbed state or continue to decline. Therefore, restoration and rehabilitation of degraded soils is critical to create healthy and functional ecosystems that support essential functions and services.
In this session, we welcome contributions covering research conducted in this area of research describing experimental, observational, and theoretical studies. Topics of interest are (although not limited to) causes and impacts of land degradation and remedial actions and strategies for soil restoration and rehabilitation at local, regional or global scales.

Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is an established proxy used to investigate the past biota, including community reconstruction, detection of richness, and eco-functional shifts. It has provided a much more detailed understanding of overall ecosystem changes and its relation to environmental variability from decadal to millennial time scales. The potential of sedaDNA data to comprehend past ecosystems is rapidly accelerating because of a.) increasing DNA reference databases, b) increasing applications in case studies addressing different paleoecological scientific questions, c.) the use and development of new protocols for high-throughput sequencing technologies, d.) the establishment of stringent bioinformatic pipelines to improve data analyses and authenticate ancient molecular signals e.) the development of sedaDNA data management tools allowing comprehensive and summarizing sedaDNA data interpretation. This session invites contributions covering terrestrial and marine applications of sedaDNA in paleoecology, including methodological renewals, bioinformatic pipelines and data management.

Soil organic matter (SOM) contains a vast range of diverse organic structures, and also a living component (microorganisms) with various residence times that define the central role SOM plays in fundamental physico-chemical and biological processes in the soil. With human activities severely affecting SOM dynamics (through inappropriate agricultural practices, erosion, forest fires, climate change), a better understanding of SOM transformation is urgently needed as this has further implications for carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and biogeochemical processes affecting global CO2 emissions. Detailed analyses of SOM composition can highlight the role of selective preservation mechanisms and sources of SOM, for example, and how these are modified and influenced by physical and chemical interactions.
To trace SOM sources and the composition of microbial communities a broad set of biomarkers is used: lignin compounds (C sources from plant communities), cutin and suberin (above- vs belowground plant biomass), non-cellulose sugars (plant vs microbial C), DNA (microbial community composition), phospholipid fatty acids (living microbial groups), ergosterol (fungal biomass), amino sugars (microbial necromass and its sources) are just a few examples. Coupling analysis of these biomarkers with 13C/14C/15N/33P/18O labeling allows tracing these elements through the microbial food web and the soil element cycles. It, thus, reveals turnover of organics and their stabilization in SOM, C, N and P recycling in microbial biomass, growth rates of bacteria and fungi, and microbial metabolic pathways.
We encourage the submission of studies (especially from early-career students) employing new methods or applications of identification and quantification of biomarkers to study: i) the fate and turnover of organic and inorganic inputs in soil (from uptake and utilization by microorganisms to stabilization in SOM), ii) the mechanisms and sources of SOM formation and its turnover, and iii) to link microbial recycling of different elements (C, N and, P) from fresh organic material or during reworking SOM. Field and laboratory studies focused on the effects of management practices, climate change, environmental conditions, soil properties are highly welcome. We also encourage contributors to present and discuss analytical challenges that remain due to environmental and analytical uncertainty.

Reliable information on past environmental and climatic conditions is crucial for understanding the evolution of life and the Earth System as a whole. Skeletal components of marine or aquatic organisms are among the most important and widely-used natural archives capturing information about the environment and fluid chemistry during precipitation in the form of geochemical signatures and/or specific mineralogies or micromorphologies. Over the past decades, a refined understanding of (bio)mineralisation, together with the development of new isotopic and elemental proxies (e.g. clumped isotopes Δ47, boron isotopes δ11B, or elemental ratios such as Li/Mg), has led to numerous breakthroughs in palaeoclimate research (e.g. on the evolution of seawater chemistry, causes and consequences of mass extinctions, or greenhouse vs. icehouse climate sensitivities). Simultaneously, geochemical, petrographic and crystallographic approaches have brought novel insights into (bio)mineral formation processes and alteration pathways of a variety of organisms. Critically, however, our knowledge of the incorporation of elements into the crystal lattice, and the quality and reliability of extracted climatic and environmental records, depends on careful proxy calibrations, and evaluation of secondary controls such as kinetic or vital effects and diagenetic influences.

This session seeks contributions on geochemical proxy development, including but not limited to new proxies, calibrations, modelling frameworks, and analytical or methodological advances. We invite experimental and observational studies dealing with biogenic but also inorganic mineral precipitation, transformation and alteration, including interface geochemistry, geomicrobiology or new perspectives on biomineralisation from culturing of calcifying organisms. We also welcome examples on how mechanistic understanding of marine or terrestrial carbonates and/or application of novel approaches results in an improved understanding of the global carbon(ate) cycle and Earth history. The aim of this session is to synthesize recent advances in geochemistry and (bio)mineralisation to further palaeo-proxy development and application that will result in a comprehensive understanding of past global changes.

Remotely-sensed signals result from the interaction of incoming and emitted electromagnetic radiation with atmospheric constituents, vegetation, soil surfaces or water bodies. Vegetation, soil and water bodies are functional interfaces between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. These signals can be measured by optical, thermal and microwave remote sensing including the fluorescence parts of the remotely-sensed signal spectrum.
This session solicits for papers presenting strategies, methodologies or approaches leading to the assimilation of remote sensing products from different EM regions, angular constellations, fluorescence as well as data measured in situ for validation purposes.
We welcome contributions on topics related to climate change, food production & security, nature preservation, biodiversity, epidemiology, atmospheric chemistry & pollution (tropospheric ozone, anthropogenic and biogenic aerosols, nitrogen oxides, VOC’s, etc). We also welcome papers focusing on the assimilation of remote sensing and in-situ measurements in bio-geophysical and atmospheric models, as well as the RS extraction techniques themselves.

This session aims to bring together scientists developing remote sensing techniques, products and models leading to strategies with a higher bio-geophysical impact on the stability and sustainability of the Earth’s ecosystems, for the benefit of humanity and its next generations.

The MacGyver session focuses on novel sensors made, or data sources unlocked, by scientists. All geoscientists are invited to present:
- new sensor systems, using technologies in novel or unintended ways,
- new data storage or transmission solutions sending data from the field with LoRa, WIFI, GSM, or any other nifty approach,
- started initiatives (e.g., Open-Sensing.org) that facilitate the creation and sharing of novel sensors, data acquisition and transmission systems.

Connected a sensor for iPhone to an Arduino or Raspberri Pi? 3D printed an automated water quality sampler? Or build a Cloud Storage system from Open Source Components? Show it!

New methods in hydrology, plant physiology, seismology, remote sensing, ecology, etc. are all welcome. Bring prototypes and demonstrations to make this the most exciting Poster Only (!) session of the General Assembly.

This session is co-sponsered by MOXXI, the working group on novel observational methods of the IAHS.

The problem of impoverishment of agricultural lands and soil quality, due to an increasing population and an excessive addition of chemical fertilizers, has made necessary the adoption of sustainable practices in agricultural crop production.
Alongside the biological process (like anaerobic digestion), thermochemical conversion processes are becoming increasingly important for the treatment of biomass, that is not easy to manage, as they require shorter process times and do not involve the maintenance of a biological community. In this context, three processes to be considered are gasification (Gs), pyrolysis (Py) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). All these processes (Gs, Py and HTC) can start from the same type of biomass (e.g., manure, organic wastes, crop residues) and produce a solid coal-like carbonaceous material (char, pyrochar or hydrochar, respectively) and other by-products.
The char is a promising aid in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by promoting carbon sequestration in soil and thus its use is recommended as soil amendment for long-term carbon sink restoration. Furthermore, char is a useful tool in decreasing contamination and improving fertility of soil and nutrient availability for plant species. Therefore, adding char to the soil could be one of the best practices to overcome any abiotic and biotic stress in the soil and to enhance crop growth and productivity. The use of char has also had positive effects on soil-plant-microorganism interactions by improving photosynthetic performance and efficiency in nitrogen and water use, showing its potential in improving soil properties, plant growth, microbial abundance and biological nitrogen fixation.
This session focuses on ongoing research and the latest advances in the application of a broad spectrum of chars in agriculture as well as their interaction with soil microbes and their role in promoting plant growth when mixed with soil or used alone as substitutes for horticultural growing media materials (e.g., peat) in soilless culture systems.

Precision Agriculture makes towards achieving SDG2, especially considering the SDG2 focus on “small-scale" food producers. It is based on different types of data collected in the field by soil and weather sensors, proximal and remote sensing (e.g., UAV), producing large datasets that can help in the achievement of better farm management (sustainable agriculture). However, many times that farmers fail to act on information provided or never adopt technologies or practices with production benefits. In this context, DSS (Decision Support Systems) can help the farmers to manage their field information and make the right choice in nutrients, irrigation and plant disease management through the integration of approaches that combine physical, chemical, biological and space-time techniques through the use of various types of knowledge, including stakeholder expertise and knowledge derived from scientific measurements and model simulations. Moreover, they can enable both simple, rapid, and cheap procedures and complex, cumbersome, and expensive data-intensive procedures, according to the types of study and the spatial and temporal scale on which a solution is sought.
The session should be of interest to different scientific communities (e.g., soil science, remote sensing, plant science, etc.) and stakeholders (farmer, consortiums, decision-maker, etc).

The increasing demand for food and bio-energy gives rise to the need to optimize soil productivity, while securing other soil functions such as nutrient cycling or water filtering. Soils are living systems, and virtually all soil functions depend on ecological processes. These processes are accomplished by a myriad of organisms interacting along complex food webs within a highly heterogeneous habitat in terms of its physical and chemical properties. During the last decade, our technical capabilities to measure and characterize (micro)biological communities in soil increased enormously. Yet, it is not obvious how to use this information for modeling soil functional dynamics.
There is an ongoing debate in how far and to what level of detail biological processes and interactions need to be represented in modeling soil functions. Or, vice versa, in how far and to what extent biological processes can be adequately captured into “effective” descriptions and what these should be. This is a formidable scientific challenge related to upscaling biological processes from detailed interactions at the pore scale to effective soil functions at the scale of soil profiles which need to be tackled in a joined effort of soil ecologists and modelers.
For this session, we seek answers to the following questions: what biological processes do we need to consider for modeling the dynamics of soil functions? Which level of detail is needed for describing these processes adequately at different temporal and spatial scales? What data and/or mechanistic knowledge is missing for doing so?
We welcome contributions presenting existing modelling approaches as well as conceptual ideas, and experimental work filling existing knowledge gaps.

Methods of analysis used in the investigation of soil chemical, biochemical and physical properties play very important role in the progress of soil science. The accuracy of provided analyses and quality of new knowledge and discoveries depends directly from the choice of analytical methods. The wise usage of a wide range of different analytical methods and techniques serves as a foundation for the investigation of the processes in soils and for the assessment of the soil environmental status. Unfortunately, the importance of their utilisation often remains in the shadow and is principally underestimated. Today we can notice, that the spectrum of methods used in soil science varies starting from quite simple ones and ending with high-precision methods based on high-tech instruments.
The aim of this session is to present the usage of different laboratory methods and techniques in soil research and give the possibility for researchers to exchange their experiences. The special goal of this session is to promote a wider use of innovative analytical methods for determination of chemical compounds in mineral and organic soils, sediments, substrates and composts. The innovative methods covering soil organic matter and humic substances analysis are acknowledged. The new concept “lab on phone” has appeared in scientific literature during the last few years, which specifies the use of smartphones as analytical instruments in labs and also for field experiments.
The session gives a favourable opportunity to present the works describing the usage of ICP-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, TGA-MS, FTIR, fluorescence etc. in the soil analysis . The session is not limited to these techniques or methods, the works describing the methods „lab on phone“ or any other innovative method or its application for soil analysis are very expected. The studies connected with methodology of soil chemical analysis and particularly soil organic matter and humic substances are awaited.

Predictions of chemical, biological and physical processes in soils, aquifers, rivers and across compartments (e.g., stream-aquifer interactions) are strongly affected by errors in model structure, parameters and forcing data. Uncertainties and errors are just shifting when using recent machine learning methods to replace models. Thus, estimating optimal parameter sets, fusing models with data, ensuring a scientific basis for machine learning, quantifying uncertainty and correcting for errors are crucial for reliable predictions at any scale (lab/field/catchment).

We invite contributions on improved concepts, approaches and computational algorithms in these areas, especially on:
- new methods for parameter inference and data assimilation in spatially distributed systems,
- optimal experimental design strategies that maximize information retrieval from measurements and minimize prediction uncertainty,
- novel theories and concepts for spatial and temporal analysis of the model - data mismatch,
- formal and informal frameworks that diagnose, detect and resolve modelling errors and capture conceptual model uncertainty,
- approaches how to bring (and extract) sound scientific reasoning into machine learning, be it for model replacement, model error correction or data analysis,
- the utilization of novel data types and sources (from point-scale measurements to remote sensing data and “soft information” or cowd sourcing) to aid developing or parameterizing models, reduce uncertainties or help diagnose and detect structural model deficiencies,
- benchmarking efforts in any of these fields.

Bayesian approaches have become increasingly popular in water quality modelling, thanks to their ability to handle uncertainty comprehensively (data, model structure and parameter uncertainty) and as flexible statistical and data mining tools. Furthermore, graphical Bayesian Belief Networks can be powerful decision support tools that make it relatively easy for stakeholders to engage in the model building process. The aim of this session is to review the state-of-the-art in this field and compare software and procedural choices in order to consolidate and set new directions for the emerging community of Bayesian water quality modellers.

In particular, we seek contributions from water quality research that use Bayesian approaches to, for example but not exclusively:
• quantify the uncertainty of model predictions
• quantify especially model structural error through, for example, Bayesian Model Averaging or structural error terms
• address the problem of scaling (e.g. disparity of scales between processes, observations, model resolution and predictions) through hierarchical models
• model water quality in data sparse environments
• compare models with different levels of complexity and process representation
• use statistical emulators to allow probabilistic predictions of complex modelled systems
• integrate prior knowledge, especially problematizing the choice of Bayesian priors
• produce user-friendly decision support tools using graphical Bayesian Belief Networks
• involve stakeholders in model development and maximise the use of expert knowledge
• use machine-learning and data mining approaches to learn from large, possibly high-resolution data sets.

This interdisciplinary session welcomes contributions on novel conceptual and/or methodological approaches and methods for the analysis and statistical-dynamical modeling of observational as well as model time series from all geoscientific disciplines.

Methods to be discussed include, but are not limited to:
- linear and nonlinear methods of time series analysis
- time-frequency methods
- statistical inference for nonlinear time series, including empirical inference of causal linkages from multivariate data
- nonlinear statistical decomposition and related techniques for multivariate and spatio-temporal data
- nonlinear correlation analysis and synchronisation
- surrogate data techniques
- filtering approaches and nonlinear methods of noise reduction
- artificial intelligence and machine learning based analysis and prediction for univariate and multivariate time series

Contributions on methodological developments and applications to problems across all geoscientific disciplines are equally encouraged. We particularly aim at fostering a transfer of new methodological data analysis and modeling concepts among different fields of the geosciences.

To keep global warming below 2°C, rapid emission reductions will likely be supported with negative emission technologies (NETs) that pull CO2 out of the atmosphere and store it in other reservoirs. The ocean reservoir naturally takes up about 25% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Its storage capacity can potentially be increased through various ocean NETs including enhanced weathering, ocean fertilization, artificial upwelling, or ocean afforestation.
Removing carbon from seawater through engineered approaches or by harvesting of marine biomass to make biofuels or biochar, can also potentially reduce atmospheric CO2 as long as the extracted carbon is ultimately stored in another reservoir at the end of the process. These strategies have yet to be developed to scale, and their feasibility, costs, upscaling potential, environmental side-effects, and social and political implications are still largely unknown.
The goal of this session is to bring together scientists from various backgrounds related to ocean NETs to assess and discuss their feasibility, costs, as well as potential co-benefits and environmental risks. We explicitly also welcome experts working on the interface of ocean- and land-based NETs as well as, on social issues, ocean management-related questions, and legal aspects.

Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are currently under threat from climate change, biological invasions and habitat deterioration. Paleontological and biogeochemical methods (e.g., species abundances, schlerochronological records, isotopic analyses on calcified tissues) provide insights into ecosystems processes and evolution during periods of extreme environmental change that are used as analogues for present-day ecosystem change. However, proxy records are restricted by fossil availability and analytical limitations. Ecological modeling tools can complement the investigation of past ecosystem change, but they can only offer a simplified picture of the past ecosystem, bound by the uncertainty of the input parameters. In this session, we invite presentations on applications and methodological advancements of ecosystem models based on proxy records in paleoclimatic, paleoenvironmental, and paleobiological research. Our aim is to stimulate discussion between modelers, statisticians, biogeochemists, paleobiologists, and paleontologists on the requirements and limitations of integrating different types of ecosystem models with proxy data.
The solicited talk will be given by Dr. Jerome Pierre Alexandre Pinti on modeling the diel vertical migration of marine organisms and its relation to the biological carbon pump.

Almost 30 years of developing the concept of geodiversity in geosciences provides a robust foundation for moving to the issue of synthesizing the existing knowledge and methods of assessing geodiversity and to disseminate the achievements of this concept.
1. The spatial and temporal scales. On what cartographic scale should the source materials be useful for determining the degree of geodiversity? Can geodiversity be considered on a local, regional, national, continental and global scale? Having in place geodiversity (stationary, at a given time of observation/assessment) and dynamic geodiversity at your disposal - how deep, how far can you reach the past and the future in geodiversity assessments of any area? Can geodiversity be determined in a palaeogeographic/geological context? How can you use geodiversity to describe geosites, geoparks, landscapes, and other forms of geoconservation? How to translate geodiversity values into geoheritage measures?
2. The lack of a standard for geodiversity assessment. Is the quality or quantity (number) of assessed geodiversity features important? How to transform qualitative assessments into quantitative assessments, so that you can easily compare different areas in terms of their substantive value, not to mention independence from the spatial and temporal scale? These issues are related to the problem of uncertainty in geodiversity assessments. This problem affects applied geodiversity studies as well, limiting further qualitative/qualitative assessment of abiotic ecosystem services. So what should be the standards of this geodiversity assessment to minimize errors in assessments?
3. If we find a consensus in establishing a standard for geodiversity assessment, how to apply the developed standard at geoconservation and geoheritage? How to consider such a standard universally acceptable? What forms of activity should best promote the idea of geodiversity? How to implement geodiversity assessments by professionals for different forms of geoconservation and geoheritage? Which ecosystem services should be taken into account in determining the importance of geodiversity for human life? How to make the society aware of the importance of geodiversity in their everyday life? How to extend the geodiversity values to preserve the state of the environment for future generations? How to link the idea of geodiversity with 17 UN SDG? Finally, how should geodiversity values be compared with biodiversity values?

Homo sapiens as product of the natural evolution of the biosphere , was created as a species in the geochemical conditions of the virgin biosphere. After successful colonization of the adverse environmental conditions around the whole world, he started its transformation first by land cultivation, urbanization and now by creation a new habitat exclusively for man. All these have led to a significant geochemical transformation of the virgin biosphere. Nowadays, a growing variety of anthropogenic sources of pollution requires, not only a constant monitoring of the chemical state of soil, water, air and food products, but also the development of spatially differentiated approaches to assessing the health risk by evaluation of diseases’ provocation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop effective approaches towards interpretation of spatially related geochemical and medical information. In this way we propose to discuss: 1) the global trends of health transformation in geochemical environment of actual noosphere; 2) different approaches to assess the risk of diseases of geochemical nature in different countries; 3) criteria for determining pollution level depending on geochemical constrains and health effects; 4) the problem of mapping of risk zones, related to negative medical effects due to both excess and deficiency of certain chemical elements or compounds.

Food traceability is an important issue in food security and quality control.
The possibility of tracing the origin of food stuff is assuming an increasingly important role at the legislative level, as a tool that may allow to prove on product authenticity and to control adulteration.
Establish geochemical and isotopic analytical approaches to trace food play a key role to ensure food safety.

Citizen science (the involvement of the public in scientific processes) is gaining momentum across multiple disciplines, increasing multi-scale data production on biodiversity, earthquakes, weather, climate, health issues and food production, amongst others, that is extending the frontiers of knowledge. Successful participatory science enterprises and citizen observatories can potentially be scaled-up in order to contribute to larger policy strategies and actions (e.g. the European Earth Observation monitoring systems), for example to be integrated in GEOSS and Copernicus. Making credible contributions to science can empower citizens to actively participate as citizen stewards in decision making, helping to bridge scientific disciplines and promote vibrant, liveable and sustainable environments for inhabitants across rural and urban localities.
Often, citizen science is seen in the context of Open Science, which is a broad movement embracing Open Data, Open Technology, Open Access, Open Educational Resources, Open Source, Open Methodology, and Open Peer Review to transparently publish and share scientific research - thus leveraging Citizen Science and Reproducible Research. Both open science and citizen science pose great challenges for researchers to facilitate effective participatory science. To support the goals of the various Open Science initiatives, this session looks at what is possible and what is applied in geosciences. The session will showcase how various stakeholders can benefit from co-developed participatory research using citizen science and open science, acknowledging the drawbacks and highlighting the opportunities available, particularly through applications within mapping, technology, policy, economy, practice and society at large. Learning from bottom-up initiatives, other disciplines, and understanding what to adopt and what to change can help synergize scientific disciplines and empower participants in their own undertakings and new initiatives.

We want to ask and find answers to the following questions:
Which approaches can be used in Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences?
What are the biggest challenges in bridging between scientific disciplines and how to overcome them?
What kind of participatory citizen scientist involvement and open science strategies exist?
How to ensure transparency in project results and analyses?
What kind of critical perspectives on the limitations, challenges, and ethical considerations exist?